Singnàtids
Syngnathidae ![]() | |
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![]() Solenostomus paradoxus ![]() | |
Taxonomia | |
Super-regne | Holozoa |
Regne | Animalia |
Fílum | Chordata |
Classe | Actinopteri |
Ordre | Syngnathiformes |
Família | Syngnathidae ![]() Rafinesque, 1810 |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Hippocampus_denise.jpg/220px-Hippocampus_denise.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Entelurus_aequoreus_by_Line1.jpg/220px-Entelurus_aequoreus_by_Line1.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/HosoUYKiop.jpg/220px-HosoUYKiop.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Hippojayakarmalei5.jpg/220px-Hippojayakarmalei5.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Syngnathus_acus.jpg/220px-Syngnathus_acus.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Solegnathus_spinosissimus_%28Spiny_pipehorse%29.gif/220px-Solegnathus_spinosissimus_%28Spiny_pipehorse%29.gif)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hippocampus_pohonti_-_Weedy_Pygmy_Seahorse.jpg/220px-Hippocampus_pohonti_-_Weedy_Pygmy_Seahorse.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Phyllopteryx_taeniolatus1.jpg/220px-Phyllopteryx_taeniolatus1.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Alligator_Pipefish_2.jpg/220px-Alligator_Pipefish_2.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Hippocampus_ingens.jpg/220px-Hippocampus_ingens.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Cosmocampus_albirostris.jpg/220px-Cosmocampus_albirostris.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Spiny_pipehorse%2C_Solegnathus_spinosissimus.jpg/220px-Spiny_pipehorse%2C_Solegnathus_spinosissimus.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Hippocampus_guttulatus.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Halicampus_macrorhynchus_%28Winged_pipefish%29_top_view.jpg/220px-Halicampus_macrorhynchus_%28Winged_pipefish%29_top_view.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/NokogiriYJ4dot.jpg/220px-NokogiriYJ4dot.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Hippocampus_elongatus.jpg/220px-Hippocampus_elongatus.jpg)
Els singnàtids (Syngnathidae) són una família de peixos teleostis de l'ordre dels singnatiformes.
Morfologia
- Tenen un cos molt allargat i prim, de secció poligonal i cobert de plaques òssies disposades en anells, que fan una mena de cuirassa contínua.
- Sense línia lateral.
- Cua, proveïda o no d'aleta, eventualment prènsil.
- Una sola aleta dorsal amb radis tous, la qual fa moure el cos. Les pectorals, l'anal i la caudal són petites o manquen. Les ventrals manquen sempre.
- Ulls molt mòbils.
- L'obertura branquial està reduïda a un petit forat situat darrere el marge superior de l'opercle i, a més, tenen laminetes branquials en forma de plomall.
- Presenten les mandíbules soldades en forma tubular amb una boca terminal molt petita i sense dents.
- Els mascles tenen, generalment, una bossa o cambra incubadora abdominal, on els ous, deixats per la femella, s'obren i es desenvolupen; si no hi ha bossa, els ous són enganxats sobre el ventre.
- La bossa incubadora està formada per dos plecs cutanis que s'originen sobre les crestes làtero-ventrals d'un cert nombre dels anells anteriors de la regió caudal. Els plecs s'uneixen pel seu marge exterior deixant un forat situat una mica per darrere l'anus i els porus urogenitals. Únicament en el gènere Hippocampus hi ha una soldadura completa dels plecs cutanis. En els altres gèneres queden simplement en contacte durant la incubació.[1]
Hàbitat
Habiten les zones costaneres poc profundes i poques espècies penetren a les aigües dolces o salabroses. Prefereixen els llocs protegits enmig de les plantes aquàtiques, entre les quals es camuflen de manera excel·lent mercès a la forma del seu cos.[2]
Espècies representatives dels Països Catalans
A la Mar Catalana n'hi ha tres gèneres: Hippocampus (amb dues espècies), Nerophis (amb tres) i Syngnathus (amb cinc), essent-ne l'agulleta de mar, la serpeta, el serpetó i el cavall marí les espècies més comunes.[3]
Taxonomia
- Subfamília Hippocampinae
- Gènere Hippocampus (Rafinesque, 1810)[4]
- Gènere Histiogamphelus (McCulloch, 1914)[5]
- Histiogamphelus briggsii (McCulloch, 1914)
- Histiogamphelus cristatus (Macleay, 1881)
- Subfamília Syngnathinae
- Gènere Acentronura (Kaup, 1953)[6]
- Acentronura gracilissima (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)[7]
- Acentronura tentaculata (Günther, 1870)[8][9]
- Gènere Anarchopterus (Hubbs, 1935)[10]
- Anarchopterus criniger (Bean & Dresel, 1884)
- Anarchopterus tectus (Dawson, 1978)
- Gènere Apterygocampus (Weber, 1993)[11]
- Apterygocampus epinnulatus (Weber, 1913)
- Gènere Bhanotia (Hora, 1926)[12]
- Bhanotia fasciolata (Duméril, 1870)[13][14][15][16]
- Bhanotia nuda (Dawson, 1978)[17]
- Bhanotia pauciradiata (Allen & Kuiter, 1995)[18]
- Gènere Bryx (Herald, 1940)[19]
- Bryx analicarens (Duncker, 1915)[20]
- Bryx dunckeri (Metzelaar, 1919)[21]
- Bryx heraldi (Fritzsche, 1980)[22]
- Bryx randalli (Herald, 1965)[23]
- Bryx veleronis (Herald, 1940)[24]
- Gènere Bulbonaricus (Herald "a" Schultz, Herald, Lachner, Welander i Woods, 1953)[25]
- Bulbonaricus brauni (Dawson & Allen, 1978)[26][27]
- Bulbonaricus brucei (Dawson, 1984)[28]
- Bulbonaricus davaoensis (Herald, 1953)[29]
- Gènere Campichthys (Whitley, 1931)[30]
- Campichthys galei (Duncker, 1909)
- Campichthys nanus (Dawson, 1977)
- Campichthys tricarinatus (Dawson, 1977)
- Campichthys tryoni (Ogilby, 1890)
- Gènere Choeroichthys (Kaup, 1856)[31]
- Choeroichthys brachysoma (Bleeker, 1855)[32]
- Choeroichthys cinctus (Dawson, 1976)
- Choeroichthys latispinosus (1978)[33]
- Choeroichthys sculptus (Günther, 1870)[34]
- Choeroichthys smithi (Dawson, 1976)
- Choeroichthys suillus (Whitley, 1951)
- Gènere Corythoichthys (Kaup, 1853)[35]
- Corythoichthys amplexus (Dawson & Randall, 1975)[36]
- Corythoichthys benedetto (Allen & Erdmann, 2008)[37]
- Corythoichthys flavofasciatus (Rüppell, 1838)[38]
- Corythoichthys haematopterus (Bleeker, 1851)[39]
- Corythoichthys insularis (Dawson, 1977)
- Corythoichthys intestinalis (Ramsay, 1881)
- Corythoichthys nigripectus (Herald, 1953)[40]
- Corythoichthys ocellatus (Herald, 1953)
- Corythoichthys paxtoni (Dawson, 1977)
- Corythoichthys polynotatus (Dawson, 1977)
- Corythoichthys schultzi (Herald, 1953)[40]
- Gènere Cosmocampus (Dawson, 1979)[41]
- Cosmocampus albirostris (Kaup, 1856)
- Cosmocampus arctus (Jenkins & Evermann, 1889)
- Cosmocampus balli (Fowler, 1925)
- Cosmocampus banneri (Herald & Randall, 1972)
- Cosmocampus brachycephalus (Poey, 1868)
- Cosmocampus darrosanus (Dawson & Randall, 1975)
- Cosmocampus elucens (Poey, 1868)
- Cosmocampus hildebrandi (Herald, 1965)
- Cosmocampus howensis (Whitley, 1948)
- Cosmocampus investigatoris (Hora, 1926)
- Cosmocampus maxweberi (Whitley, 1933)
- Cosmocampus profundus (Herald, 1965)
- Cosmocampus retropinnis (Dawson, 1982)
- Gènere Doryichthys (Kaup, 1953)[35]
- Doryichthys boaja (Bleeker, 1851)[42]
- Doryichthys contiguus (Kottelat, 2000)[43]
- Doryichthys deokhatoides (Bleeker, 1853)
- Doryichthys heterosoma (Bleeker, 1851)
- Doryichthys martensii (Peters, 1868)
- Gènere Doryrhamphus (Kaup, 1856)[44]
- Doryrhamphus aurolineatus (Randall & Earle, 1994)[45]
- Doryrhamphus baldwini (Herald & Randall, 1972)
- Doryrhamphus bicarinatus (Dawson, 1981)
- Doryrhamphus chapmani (Herald, 1953)
- Doryrhamphus excisus (Kaup, 1856)[46]
- Doryrhamphus janssi (Herald & Randall, 1972)[47]
- Doryrhamphus japonicus (Araga & Yoshino, 1975)[48]
- Doryrhamphus melanopleura (Bleeker, 1858)[49]
- Doryrhamphus multiannulatus (Regan, 1903)[50]
- Doryrhamphus negrosensis (Herre, 1934)[51]
- Doryrhamphus pessuliferus (Fowler, 1938)
- Gènere Dunckerocampus (Whitley, 1933)[52]
- Dunckerocampus boylei (Kuiter, 1998)
- Dunckerocampus dactyliophorus (Bleeker, 1853)[53]
- Dunckerocampus naia (Allen & Kuiter, 2004)[54]
- Gènere Enneacampus (Dawson, 1981)[55]
- Enneacampus ansorgii (Boulenger, 1910)[56]
- Enneacampus kaupi (Bleeker, 1863)[57]
- Gènere Entelurus (Duméril, 1870)[58]
- Entelurus aequoreus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Gènere Festucalex (Whitley, 1991)[30]
- Festucalex cinctus (Ramsay, 1882)
- Festucalex erythraeus (Gilbert, 1905)
- Festucalex gibbsi (Dawson, 1977)
- Festucalex prolixus (Dawson, 1984)[59]
- Festucalex scalaris (Günther, 1870)
- Festucalex wassi (Dawson, 1977)
- Gènere Filicampus (Whitley, 1948)[60]
- Filicampus tigris (Castelnau, 1879)
- Gènere Halicampus (Kaup, 1856)[44]
- Halicampus boothae (Whitley, 1964)
- Halicampus brocki (Herald, 1953)
- Halicampus dunckeri (Chabanaud, 1929)
- Halicampus edmondsoni (Pietschmann, 1928)
- Halicampus grayi (Kaup, 1856)
- Halicampus macrorhynchus (Bamber, 1915)[61]
- Halicampus marquesensis (Dawson, 1984)
- Halicampus mataafae (Jordan & Seale, 1906)
- Halicampus nitidus (Günther, 1873)
- Halicampus punctatus (Kamohara, 1952)
- Halicampus spinirostris (Dawson & Allen, 1981)
- Halicampus zavorensis (Dawson, 1984)
- Gènere Haliichthys (Gray, 1859)[62]
- Haliichthys taeniophorus (Gray, 1859)
- Gènere Heraldia (Paxton, 1975)[63]
- Heraldia nocturna (Paxton, 1975)
- Gènere Hippichthys (Bleeker, 1849)[64]
- Hippichthys cyanospilos (Bleeker, 1854)
- Hippichthys heptagonus (Bleeker, 1849)
- Hippichthys parvicarinatus (Dawson, 1978)
- Hippichthys penicillus (Cantor, 1849)
- Hippichthys spicifer (Rüppell, 1838)
- Gènere Hypselognathus (Whitley, 1948)[65]
- Hypselognathus horridus (Dawson & Glover, 1982)[66]
- Hypselognathus rostratus (1921)[67]
- Gènere Ichthyocampus (Kaup, 1853)[6]
- Ichthyocampus bikiniensis (Herald, 1953)
- Ichthyocampus carce (Hamilton, 1822)
- Gènere Kaupus (Whitley, 1971)[68]
- Kaupus costatus (Waite & Hale, 1921)
- Gènere Kimblaeus (Dawson, 1980)[69]
- Kimblaeus bassensis (Dawson, 1980)
- Gènere Kyonemichthys (Gomon, 2007)[70]
- Kyonemichthys rumengani (Gomon, 2007)
- Gènere Leptoichthys (Kaup, 1853)[35]
- Leptoichthys fistularius (Kaup, 1853)
- Gènere Leptonotus (Kaup, 1853)[35]
- Leptonotus blainvilleanus (Eydoux & Gervais, 1837)
- Leptonotus elevatus (Hutton, 1872)
- Leptonotus norae (Waite, 1910)
- Gènere Lissocampus (Waite i Hale, 1921)[71]
- Lissocampus bannwarthi (Duncker, 1915)
- Lissocampus caudalis (Waite & Hale, 1921)
- Lissocampus fatiloquus (Whitley, 1943)
- Lissocampus filum (Günther, 1870)
- Lissocampus runa (Whitley, 1931)
- Gènere Maroubra (Whitley, 1948)[65]
- Maroubra perserrata (Whitley, 1948)
- Maroubra yasudai (Dawson, 1983)
- Gènere Micrognathus (Duncker, 1912)[72]
- Micrognathus andersonii (Bleeker, 1858)[49]
- Micrognathus brevirostris (Rüppell, 1838)[73]
- Micrognathus crinitus (Jenyns, 1842)[46]
- Micrognathus erugatus (Herald & Dawson, 1974)[74]
- Micrognathus micronotopterus (Fowler, 1938)[75]
- Micrognathus natans (Dawson, 1982)[76]
- Gènere Microphis (Kaup, 1853)[35]
- Microphis argulus (Peters, 1855)
- Microphis brachyurus (Bleeker, 1853)
- Microphis brevidorsalis (de Beaufort, 1913)
- Microphis caudocarinatus (Weber, 1907)
- Microphis cruentus (Dawson & Fourmanoir, 1981)
- Microphis cuncalus (Hamilton, 1822)
- Microphis deocata (Hamilton, 1822)
- Microphis dunckeri (Prashad & Mukerji, 1929)
- Microphis fluviatilis (Peters, 1852)
- Microphis insularis (Hora, 1925)
- Microphis jagorii (Peters, 1869)
- Microphis leiaspis (Bleeker, 1853)
- Microphis manadensis (Bleeker, 1856)
- Microphis mento (Bleeker, 1856)
- Microphis ocellatus (Duncker, 1910)
- Microphis pleurostictus (Peters, 1868)
- Microphis retzii (Bleeker, 1856)
- Microphis spinachioides (Duncker, 1915)
- Gènere Minyichthys (Herald i Randall, 1972)[78]
- Minyichthys brachyrhinus (Herald, 1953)[79]
- Minyichthys inusitatus (Dawson, 1983)[80]
- Minyichthys myersi (Herald & Randall, 1972)[47]
- Minyichthys sentus (Dawson, 1982)[81]
- Gènere Mitotichthys (Whitley, 1948)[82]
- Mitotichthys meraculus (Whitley, 1948)[83]
- Mitotichthys mollisoni (Scott, 1955)[84]
- Mitotichthys semistriatus (Kaup, 1856)[46]
- Mitotichthys tuckeri (Scott, 1942)[85]
- Gènere Nannocampus (Günther, 1877)[86]
- Nannocampus elegans (Smith, 1961)[87]
- Nannocampus pictus (Duncker, 1915)[20]
- Nannocampus subosseus (Günther, 1870)[8]
- Nannocampus weberi (Duncker, 1915)[20]
- Gènere Nerophis (Rafinesque, 1810)[88]
- Nerophis lumbriciformis (Jenyns, 1835)[89]
- Serpetó (Nerophis maculatus) (Rafinesque, 1810)[90]
- Serpeta (Nerophis ophidion) (Linnaeus, 1758)[91]
- Gènere Notiocampus (Dawson, 1979)[92]
- Notiocampus ruber (Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886)
- Gènere Penetopteryx (Lunel, 1881)[93]
- Penetopteryx nanus (Rosén, 1911)
- Penetopteryx taeniocephalus (Lunel, 1881)
- Gènere Phoxocampus (Dawson, 1977)[94]
- Phoxocampus belcheri (Kaup, 1856)[95]
- Phoxocampus diacanthus (Schultz, 1943)[96][97]
- Phoxocampus tetrophthalmus (Bleeker, 1858)[49]
- Gènere Phycodurus (Gill, 1896)[98]
- Phycodurus eques (Günther, 1865)
- Gènere Phyllopteryx (Swainson, 1839)[99]
- Phyllopteryx taeniolatus (Lacépède, 1804)
- Gènere Pseudophallus (Herald, 1940)[100]
- Pseudophallus brasiliensis (Dawson, 1974)[101]
- Pseudophallus elcapitanense (Meek & Hildebrand, 1914)[102]
- Pseudophallus mindii (Meek & Hildebrand, 1923)[103]
- Pseudophallus starksii (Jordan & Culver, 1895)[104]
- Gènere Pugnaso (Whitley, 1948)[65]
- Pugnaso curtirostris (Castelnau, 1872)
- Gènere Siokunichthys (Herald "a" Schultz, Herald, Lachner, Welander i Woods, 1953)[105]
- Siokunichthys bentuviai (Clark, 1966)
- Siokunichthys breviceps (Smith, 1963)
- Siokunichthys herrei (Herald, 1953)
- Siokunichthys nigrolineatus (Dawson, 1983)
- Siokunichthys southwelli (Duncker, 1910)
- Gènere Solegnathus (Swainson, 1839)[99]
- Solegnathus dunckeri (Whitley, 1927)[106]
- Solegnathus hardwickii (Gray, 1830)[107]
- Solegnathus lettiensis (Bleeker, 1860)[108]
- Solegnathus robustus (McCulloch, 1911)[109]
- Solegnathus spinosissimus (Günther, 1870)[8]
- Gènere Stigmatopora (Kaup, 1853)[35]
- Stigmatopora argus (Richardson, 1840)[110]
- Stigmatopora farinosa (Browne & Smith, 2007)[111]
- Stigmatopora macropterygia (Duméril, 1870)[112]
- Stigmatopora nigra (Kaup, 1856)[113]
- Gènere Stipecampus (Whitley, 1948)[65]
- Stipecampus cristatus (McCulloch & Waite, 1918)
- Gènere Syngnathoides (Bleeker, 1851)[114]
- Syngnathoides biaculeatus (Bloch, 1785)
- Gènere Syngnathus (Linnaeus, 1758)[115]
- Syngnathus abaster (Risso, 1826)
- Syngnathus acicularis (Jenyns, 1842)
- Syngnathus acus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Syngnathus affinis (Günther, 1870)
- Syngnathus auliscus (Swain, 1882)
- Syngnathus californiensis (Storer, 1845)
- Syngnathus caribbaeus (Dawson, 1979)
- Syngnathus carinatus (Gilbert, 1892)
- Syngnathus dawsoni (Herald, 1969)
- Syngnathus euchrous (Fritzsche, 1980)
- Syngnathus exilis (Osburn & Nichols, 1916)
- Syngnathus floridae (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)
- Syngnathus folletti (Herald, 1942)
- Syngnathus fuscus (Storer, 1839)
- Syngnathus insulae (Fritzsche, 1980)
- Syngnathus leptorhynchus (Girard, 1854)
- Syngnathus louisianae (Günther, 1870)
- Syngnathus macrobrachium (Fritzsche, 1980)
- Syngnathus macrophthalmus (Duncker, 1915)
- Syngnathus makaxi (Herald & Dawson, 1972)
- Syngnathus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Syngnathus phlegon (Risso, 1826)
- Syngnathus rostellatus (Nilsson, 1855)
- Syngnathus safina (Paulus, 1992)
- Syngnathus schlegeli (Kaup, 1856)
- Syngnathus schmidti (Popov, 1927)
- Syngnathus scovelli (Evermann & Kendall, 1896)
- Syngnathus springeri (Herald, 1942)
- Syngnathus taenionotus (Canestrini, 1871)
- Syngnathus tenuirostris (Rathke, 1837)
- Syngnathus typhle (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Syngnathus variegatus (Pallas, 1814)
- Syngnathus watermeyeri (Smith, 1963)
- Gènere Trachyrhamphus (Kaup, 1853)[35]
- Trachyrhamphus bicoarctatus (Bleeker, 1857)[116]
- Trachyrhamphus longirostris (Kaup, 1856)[113]
- Trachyrhamphus serratus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)[7]
- Gènere Urocampus (Günther, 1870)[86]
- Urocampus carinirostris (Castelnau, 1872)
- Urocampus nanus (Günther, 1870)
- Gènere Vanacampus (Whitley, 1951)[117]
- Vanacampus margaritifer (Peters, 1868)[118]
- Vanacampus phillipi (Lucas, 1891)[119]
- Vanacampus poecilolaemus (Peters, 1868)[118]
- Vanacampus vercoi (Waite & Hale, 1921)[120][121][122]
- Gènere Acentronura (Kaup, 1953)[6]
Referències
- ↑ Duran, Miquel: Noms i descripcions dels peixos de la Mar Catalana. Tom I, Àgnats, Condrictis, Osteïctis (1a. part). Editorial Moll, Palma (Mallorca), 2007. ISBN 978-84273-6508-7. Pàg. 343.
- ↑ Llorente, Gustavo: Els vertebrats de les zones humides dels Països Catalans. Editorial Pòrtic, S.A. Col·lecció Conèixer La Natura, núm. 6, plana 44. Desembre del 1988, Barcelona. ISBN 8473063546
- ↑ Duran, Miquel: Noms i descripcions dels peixos de la Mar Catalana. Pàg. 344
- ↑ Rafinesque C. S. 1810. Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della sicilia, con varie osservazioni sopra i medisimi. (Part 1 involves fishes, pp. (i-iv) 3-69 (70 blank), Part 2 with slightly different title, pp. ia-iva + 71-105 (106 blank)). Caratteri.
- ↑ McCulloch A. R. 1914. Notes on some Australian pipe-fishes. Aust. Zool. v. 1 (pt 1). 29-31.
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Kaup, J. J. 1853. Uebersicht der Lophobranchier. Arch. Naturgeschichte v. 19 (núm. 1): 226-234.
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 Temminck, C. J. & H. Schlegel. 1850. Pisces, Fauna Japonica Last part: 270-324.
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 Günther, A., 1870. Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Physostomi, containing the families Gymnotidae, Symbranchidae, Muraenidae, Pegasidae, and of the Lophobranchii, Plectognathi, Dipnoi, ...(thru) ... Leptocardii, in the British Museum. Cat. Fishes v. 8: i-xxv + 1-549.
- ↑ Senou, H., T. Suzuki i M. Hosokawa, 1994: New record of Acentronura (Acentronura) tentaculata (Pisces, Syngnathidae) from Japan. I. O. P. Diving News v. 5 (núm. 1): 2-5.
- ↑ Hubbs C. L. 1935. Anarchopterus, a new genus of syngnathid fishes from the western Atlantic. Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. Núm. 320. 1-3.
- ↑ Weber M. 1913. Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition. E. J. Brill, Leiden. Fische Siboga Exped.. i-xii + 1-710. Pls. 1-12.
- ↑ Hora, S. L. 1926. Notes on fishes in the Indian Museum. IX-XIV. Rec. Indian Mus. (Calcuta) v. 27 (pt 6): 453-469, Pl. 11.
- ↑ Duméril, A. H. A., 1870. Histoire naturelle des poissons; ou, ichthyologie générale. Tome Second. Ganoïdes, Dipnés, Lophobranches. Tableau élémentaire de l'histoire naturelle des animaux. v. 2: 1-624, Atlas: pp. 9-12, Pls. 15-26.
- ↑ Dawson, C. E., 1977: The pipefish name Syngnathus corrugatus Weber, a junior synonym of Bhanotia fasciolata (Duméril). Copeia 1977 (núm. 4): 786-788.
- ↑ Suzuki, T., H. Senou i M. Hosokawa, 2002: First record of a syngnathid fish Bhanotia fasciolata (Perciformes: Syngnathidae) at Japan. I. O. P. Diving News v. 13 (núm. 10): 4-6.
- ↑ Dawson, C. E., 1982: The pipefish name Syngnathus uncinatus Weber, a junior synonym of Bhanotia fasciolata (Duméril). Copeia 1982 (núm. 1): 210-212.
- ↑ Dawson, C. E., 1978. Review of the Indo-Pacific genus Bhanotia, with description of Bhanotia nuda n. sp. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 91 (núm. 2): 392-407.
- ↑ Allen, G. R. & Kuiter, R. H., 1995. Bhanotia pauciradiata, a new species of pipefish (Syngnathidae) from Flores, Indonesia. Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpetologie v. 21 (núms. 3-4) [1994]: 75-76.
- ↑ Herald E. S. 1940. A key to the pipefishes of the Pacific American coasts with descriptions of new genera and species. Rep. Allan Hancock Pacific Exped. 1932-1938 v. 9 (núm. 3). 51-64.
- ↑ 20,0 20,1 20,2 Duncker, G., 1915. Revision der Syngnathidae. Erster teil. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen (Zoologischen) Museum in Hamburg v. 32: 9-120, Pl.
- ↑ Metzelaar, J., 1919. Report on the fishes, collected by Dr. J. Boeke in the Dutch West Indies 1904-1905, with comparative notes on marine fishes of tropical West Africa. F. J. Belanfante, 's-Gravenhage: 1-314.
- ↑ Fritzsche, R. A., 1980. Revision of the eastern Pacific Syngnathidae (Pisces: Syngnathiformes), including both recent and fossil forms. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 42 (núm. 6): 181-227.
- ↑ Herald, E. S., 1965. Studies on the Atlantic American pipefishes with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 32 (núm. 12): 363-375.
- ↑ Herald, E. S., 1940. A key to the pipefishes of the Pacific American coasts with descriptions of new genera and species. Report Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition 1932-1938 v. 9 (núm. 3): 51-64.
- ↑ Schultz, L. P., E. S. Herald, E. A. Lachner, A. D. Welander & L. P. Woods. 1953. Fishes of the Marshall and Marianas islands. Vol. I. Families from Asymmetrontidae through Siganidae. Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus. Núm. 202, v. 1: i-xxxii + 1-685, Pls. 1-74.
- ↑ Dawson, C. E. & G. R. Allen. 1978. Synopsis of the 'finless' pipefish genera (Penetopteryx, Apterygocampus and Enchelyocampus, gen. nov.). Rec. West. Aust. Mus. v. 6 (núm. 4): 391-411.
- ↑ Suzuki, T., K. Yano, H. Senou i T. Yoshino, 2003: First record of a syngnathid fish, Bulbonaricus brauni from Iriomote Island, Ryukyus Islands, Japan. I. O. P. Diving News v. 14 (núm. 1): 2-5.
- ↑ Dawson, C. E., 1984. Bulbonaricus Herald (Pisces: Syngnathidae), a senior synonym of Enchelyocampus Dawson and Allen, with description of Bulbonaricus brucei n. sp. from eastern Africa. Copeia 1984 (núm. 3): 565-571.
- ↑ Schultz, L. P., E. S. Herald, E. A. Lachner, A. D. Welander & L. P. Woods, 1953. Fishes of the Marshall and Marianas islands. Vol. I. Families from Asymmetrontidae through Siganidae. Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus. Núm. 202, v. 1: i-xxxii + 1-685, Pls. 1-74.
- ↑ 30,0 30,1 Whitley G. P. 1931. New names for Australian fishes. Aust. Zool. v. 6 (pt 4). 310-334.
- ↑ Kaup J. J. 1856. Catalogue of lophobranchiate fish in the collection of the British Museum. London. Cat. Lophobranchiate Fish. i-iv + 1-76.
- ↑ Senou, H. i A. Ono, 1998: Two rare syngnathid, Choeroichthys brachysoma and Cosmocampus banneri, from the Ryukyu Islands. I. O. P. Diving News v. 9 (núm. 1) (gener): 4-7.
- ↑ Dawson, C. E., 1978: Description of a new western Australian pipefish (Choeroichthys latispinosus), with notes on Syngnathus tuckeri Scott and Nannocampichthys Hora and Mukerji. Records of the Western Australian Museum v. 6 (núm. 4): 413-421.
- ↑ Günther, A., 1870. Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Physostomi, containing the families Gymnotidae, Symbranchidae, Muraenidae, Pegasidae, and of the Lophobranchii, Plectognathi, Dipnoi, ...[thru] ... Leptocardii, in the British Museum: i-xxv + 1-549.
- ↑ 35,0 35,1 35,2 35,3 35,4 35,5 35,6 Kaup J. J. 1853. Uebersicht der Lophobranchier. Arch. Naturgeschichte v. 19 (núm. 1). 226-234.
- ↑ Dawson, C. E. & Randall, J. E., 1975. Notes on Indo-Pacific pipefishes (Pisces: Syngnathidae) with description of two new species. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 88 (núm. 25): 263-280.
- ↑ Allen, G.R. & Erdmann, M.V., 2008. Corythoichthys benedetto, a new pipefish (Pisces: Syngnathidae) from Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. aqua International Journal of Ichthyology, 13 (3-4): 121-126.
- ↑ Rüppell, W. P. E. S., 1835-1838. Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres. Frankfurt-am-Main. 1-148, Pls. 1-33.
- ↑ Ramsay, E. P., 1881. Description of a parasitic Syngnatus. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 5 (pt 4): 494-495.
- ↑ 40,0 40,1 Schultz, L. P., Herald, E. S., Lachner, E. A., Welander, A. D. & Woods, L. P., 1953. Fishes of the Marshall and Marianas islands. Vol. I. Families from Asymmetrontidae through Siganidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum Núm. 202, v. 1: i-xxxii + 1-685, Pls. 1-74.
- ↑ Dawson C. E. 1979. Notes on western Atlantic pipefishes with description of Syngnathus caribbaeus n. sp. and Cosmocampus n. gen. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. v. 92 (núm. 4). 671-676.
- ↑ Bleeker, P., 1851. Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Borneo, met beschrijving van 16 nieuwe soorten van zoetwatervisschen. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1: 1-16.
- ↑ Kottelat, M., 2000. Diagnoses of a new genus and 64 new species of fishes from Laos (Teleostei: Cyprinidae, Balitoridae, Bagridae, Syngnathidae, Chaudhuriidae and Tetraodontidae). J. South Asian Nat. Hist. v. 5 (núm. 1): 37-82.
- ↑ 44,0 44,1 Kaup J. J. 1856. Catalogue of lophobranchiate fish in the collection of the British Museum. Londres. Cat. Lophobranchiate Fish. i-iv + 1-76.
- ↑ Randall, J. E. i J. L. Earle, 1994: Doryrhamphus aurolineatus, a new pipefish (Syngnathidae) from Masirah Island, Oman. Fauna of Saudia Arabia v. 14: 282-286.
- ↑ 46,0 46,1 46,2 Kaup, J. J., 1856. Catalogue of lophobranchiate fish in the collection of the British Museum. Londres: i-iv + 1-76, Pls. 1-4.
- ↑ 47,0 47,1 Herald, E. S. & Randall, J. E., 1972. Five new Indo-Pacific pipefishes. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 39 (núm. 11): 121-140.
- ↑ Masuda, H., Araga, C. & Yoshino, T., 1975. Coastal fishes of southern Japan. Tokai University Press, Tòquio (Japó): 1-379, 142 col. pls.
- ↑ 49,0 49,1 49,2 Bleeker, P., 1858. Vijfde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van de Kokos-eilanden. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 15: 457-468.
- ↑ Regan, C. T., 1903. Descriptions de poissons nouveaux faisant partie de la collection du Musée d'Histoire Naturelle de Genève. Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 11 (núm. 2): 413-418, Pls. 13-14.
- ↑ Herre, A. W. C. T., 1934. Notes on fishes in the Zoological Museum of Stanford University. 1. The fishes of the Herre Philippine expedition of 1931. The fishes of the Herre 1931 Philippine expedition with descriptions of 17 new species. Newspaper Enterprise Litd., Hong Kong: 1-106.
- ↑ Whitley G. P. 1933. Studies in ichthyology. Núm. 7. Rec. Aust. Mus. v. 19 (núm. 1). 60-112.
- ↑ Bleeker, P., 1853. Diagnostische beschrijvingen van nieuwe of weinig bekende vischsoorten van Batavia. Tiental I-VI. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 4: 451-516.
- ↑ Allen, G. R. i R. H. Kuiter, 2004: Dunckerocampus naia, a new species of pipefish (Pisces: Syngnathidae) from the western Pacific. Aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 9 (núm. 1): 1-6.
- ↑ Dawson C. E. 1981. Notes on west African pipefishes (Syngnathidae), with description of Enneacampus, n. gen. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. v. 94 (núm. 2). 464-478.
- ↑ Boulenger, G. A., 1910. On a large collection of fishes made by Dr. W. J. Ansorge in the Quanza and Bengo rivers, Angola. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 6 (núm. 36): 537-561.
- ↑ Bleeker, P., 1863. Mémoire sur les poissons de la côte de Guinée. Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (Ser. 2) v. 18: 1-136, col. Pls. 1-28.
- ↑ Duméril A. H. A. 1870. Histoire naturelle des poissons, ou ichthyologie générale. Tome Second. Ganoïdes, Dipnés, Lophobranches. Hist. Nat. Poiss. Ichth. Gen. v. 2. 1-624.
- ↑ Dawson, C. E., 1984: Festucalex prolixus, a new species of pipefish (Syngnathidae) from the western Indo-Pacific region. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 30 (núm. 4): 371-373.
- ↑ Whitley G. P. 1948. Studies in ichthyology. No. 13. Rec. Aust. Mus. v. 22 (no. 1). 70-94.
- ↑ Bamber, R. C., 1915. Reports on the marine biology of the Sudanese Red Sea, from collections made by Cyril Crossland, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S. XXII. The Fishes. The Journal of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology v. 31 (núm. 210): 477-485, Pl. 46.
- ↑ Gray J. E. 1859. Notice of a new genus of lophobranchiate fishes from Western Australia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1859 (pt 1). 38-39.
- ↑ Paxton J. R. 1975. Heraldia nocturna, a new genus and species of pipefish (family Syngnathidae) from eastern Australia, with comments on Maroubra perserrata Whitley. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (Ser. 4) v. 40 (núm. 15). 439-447.
- ↑ Bleeker P. 1849. Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van het eiland Madura, met beschrijving van eenige neiuwe soorten. Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. Wet. v. 22. 1-16.
- ↑ 65,0 65,1 65,2 65,3 Whitley G. P. 1948. Studies in ichthyology. Núm. 13. Rec. Aust. Mus. v. 22 (núm. 1). 70-94.
- ↑ Dawson, C. E. & Glover, C. J. M., 1982. Hypselognathus horridus, a new species of pipefish (Syngnathidae) from South Australia. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 95 (núm. 2): 403-407.
- ↑ Waite, E. R. & Hale, H. M., 1921. Review of the Lophobranchiate fishes (pipe-fishes and sea-horses) of South Australia. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) v. 1 (núm. 4): 293-324.
- ↑ Whitley G. P. 1951. Studies in ichthyology. Núm. 15. Rec. Aust. Mus. v. 22 (núm. 4). 389-408.
- ↑ Dawson C. E. 1980. Kimblaeus, a new pipefish genus (Syngnathiformes: Syngnathidae) from Australia, with a key to genera of pipefishes with continuous superior ridges. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwater Res. v. 31 (núm. 4). 517-523.
- ↑ Gomon, M.F. 2007 A new genus and miniature species of pipehorse (Syngnathidae) from Indonesia. aqua International Journal of Ichthyology, 13 (1): 25-30.
- ↑ Waite E. R. & Hale H. M. 1921. Review of the Lophobranchiate fishes (pipe-fishes and sea-horses) of South Australia. Rec. Aust. Mus. v. 1 (núm. 4). 293-324.
- ↑ Duncker G. 1912. Die Gattungen der Syngnathidae. Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg v. 29. 219-240.
- ↑ Rüppell, W. P. E. S. 1835-1838. Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres. Frankfurt-am-Main. 1-148, Pls. 1-33.
- ↑ Herald, E. S. & Dawson, C. E., 1974. Micrognathus erugatus, a new marine pipefish from Brazil (Pisces: Syngnathidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 87 (núm. 4): 27-30.
- ↑ Fowler, H. W., 1938. Descriptions of new fishes obtained by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer "Albatross", chiefly in Philippine seas and adjacent waters. Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 85 (núm. 3032): 31-135.
- ↑ Dawson, C. E., 1982: Review of the genus Micrognathus Duncker (Pisces: Syngnathidae), with description of Micrognathus natans, n. sp. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 95 (núm. 4): 657-687.
- ↑ BioLib (anglès)
- ↑ Herald E. S. & Randall J. E. 1972. Five new Indo-Pacific pipefishes. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (Ser. 4) v. 39 (núm. 11). 121-140.
- ↑ Schultz, L. P., Herald, E. S., Lachner, E. A., Welander A. D. & Woods, L. P., 1953. Fishes of the Marshall and Marianas islands. Vol. I. Families from Asymmetrontidae through Siganidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum Núm. 202, v. 1: i-xxxii + 1-685, Pls. 1-74.
- ↑ Dawson, C. E., 1983. Western Atlantic occurrence of the genus Minyichthys (Pisces: Syngnathidae), with description of Minyichthys inusitatus n. sp. Copeia 1983 (núm. 3): 774-776.
- ↑ Dawson, C. E., 1982. Descriptions of Cosmocampus retropinnis sp. n., Minyichthys sentus sp. n. and Amphelikturus sp. (Pisces, Syngnathidae) from the eastern Atlantic region. Zoologica Scripta v. 11 (núm. 2): 135-140.
- ↑ Whitley G. P. 1948. Studies in ichthyology. No. 13. Rec. Aust. Mus. v. 22 (núm. 1). 70-94.
- ↑ Whitley, G. P., 1948. New sharks and fishes from Western Australia. Part 4. Australian Zoologist v. 11 (pt 3): 259-276, Pls. 24-25.
- ↑ Scott, E. O. G., 1955. Observations on some Tasmanian fishes: part VII. Papers and Proceedings Royal Society of Tasmania v. 89: 131-146, 1 pl.
- ↑ Scott, E. O. G., 1942. Syngnathus tuckeri sp. nov.: a new Tasmanian pipefish. Records of the Queen Victoria Museum. v. 1: 17-20, Pl. 5.
- ↑ 86,0 86,1 Günther A. 1870. Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Physostomi, containing the families Gymnotidae, Symbranchidae, Muraenidae, Pegasidae, and of the Lophobranchii, Plectognathi, Dipnoi, ...[thru] ... Leptocardii, in the British Museum. Cat. Fishes v. 8. i-xxv + 1-549.
- ↑ Smith, J. L. B., 1953. The sea fishes of southern Africa:1-564, Pls. 1-107.
- ↑ Rafinesque C. S. 1810. Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ossia, catalogo metodico dei nomi latini, italiani, e siciliani dei pesci, che si rinvengono in Sicilia disposti secondo un metodo naturale e seguito da un appendice che contiene la descrizione de alcuni nuovi pesci sicilian. Messina. Indice Ittiol. Sicil.. 1-70.
- ↑ Jenyns, Leonard, 1835. A manual of British vertebrate animals: or descriptions of all the animals belonging to the classes, Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia, and Pisces... Pitt Press, Cambridge. Manual Brit. Vertebrates: i-xxxii + 1-559.
- ↑ Rafinesque, C. S., 1810. Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ossia, catalogo metodico dei nomi latini, italiani, e siciliani dei pesci, che si rinvengono in Sicilia disposti secondo un metodo naturale e seguito da un appendice che contiene la descrizione de alcuni nuovi pesci sicilian. Messina. Indice Ittiol. Sicil.: 1-70, Pls. 1-2.
- ↑ Von Linné, Carl. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.) Holmiae. Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1: i-ii + 1-824., 1758.
- ↑ Dawson C. E. 1979. The Indo-Pacific pipefish genera Notiocampus gen. nov. and Nannocampus Günther. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. v. 92 (núm. 3). 482-493.
- ↑ Lunel G. 1881. Mélanges ichthyologiques. Liste de quelques espèces de poissons, nouvelles pour la faune de l'île Maurice. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genève v. 27 (pt 2). 266-303.
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- ↑ Schultz L. P., Herald E. S. & E. A. Lachner, A. D. Welander L. P. Woods. 1953. Fishes of the Marshall and Marianas islands. Vol. I. Families from Asymmetrontidae through Siganidae. Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus. Núm. 202, v. 1. i-xxxii + 1-685.
- ↑ Whitley, G. P., 1927. Studies in ichthyology. Núm. 1. Rec. Aust. Mus. v. 15 (núm. 5): 289-304, Pls. 24-25.
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- ↑ Duméril, A. H. A., 1870. Histoire naturelle des poissons, ou ichthyologie générale. Tome Second. Ganoïdes, Dipnés, Lophobranches. Hist. Nat. Poiss. Ichth. Gen. v. 2: 1-624, Atlas: pp. 9-12, Pls. 15-26.
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- ↑ Bleeker, P., 1857. Achtste bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Amboina. Acta Soc. Sci. Indo-Neerl. v. 2: 1-102.
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- ↑ 118,0 118,1 Peters, W. (C. H.), 1868. Über eine neue Nagergattung, Chiropodomys penicillatus, so wie über einige neue oder weniger bekannte Amphibien und Fische. Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1868: 448-460, Pl. 2.
- ↑ Lucas, A. H. S., 1891. On the occurrence of certain fish in Victorian seas, with descriptions of some new species. Proc. R. Soc. Victoria (N. S.) v. 3: 8-14, Pl. 3.
- ↑ Waite, E. R. & H. M. Hale, 1921. Review of the Lophobranchiate fishes (pipe-fishes and sea-horses) of South Australia. Rec. S. Aust. Mus. (Adelaide) v. 1 (núm. 4): 293-324.
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Enllaços externs
En altres projectes de Wikimedia: | |
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- «Singnàtids». Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana. Barcelona: Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
- FishBase (anglès)
- The Taxonomicon (anglès)