AWF8F35

Motor vehicle
AWF8F35/45
Cutaway of an AWF8F35
Overview
ManufacturerAisin AW
Also calledBMW & Mini GA8F22AW
Toyota UA80E/UA80F
Volvo TG-81SC/SD
GM AWF8F45 & AF50-8
VW AQ450
PSA EAT8
Production2013–present
Body and chassis
Class8-speed transverse automatic transmission
RelatedZF 8HP · ZF 9HP
Chronology
PredecessorAWTF-80 SC transmission

The Aisin AW F8FXX series is the world's first[1] 8-speed automatic transmission designed for use in transverse engine applications. Aisin designed the transmission to package in the same space as preceding 6-speed designs, while increasing the total gear spread and reducing gear spacing.[2] It is also called the EAT8 (PSA), GA8F22AW (BMW & Mini), TG-81SC (Volvo),[3] AF50-8 (Opel/Vauxhall),[4] AWF8F45[5] (Cadillac), and AQ450 (Volkswagen Group).[6] First usage was in the 2013 model year Lexus RX350 F Sport.

Specifications

Gearset 1 is not an ordinary gearset but a reversed one. It employs two planetary gears which mesh with each other. One of these planets meshes with the sun gear, the other planet meshes with the ring gear. This results in different ratios being generated by the planetary and also causes the sun gear to rotate in the same direction as the ring gear when the planet carrier is the stationary.

This made it possible to manage with three wheel sets. As a result, the transmission is more compact than eight-speed transmissions for conventional drives. This meant that an eight-speed automatic transmission was also possible for transverse engines. The same gearset concept was first used by Lexus in 2007 and was the very first eight-speed automatic transmission for passenger cars on the world market.

Gear Ratios[a]
Gear
Model
R2 R1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total
Span
Avg.
Step
Compo-
nents
Transverse 3
Gearsets
2
Brakes
4
Clutches
AW F8F35 · 2013
AW F8F45 · 2013
−2.182 −4.255 5.200 2.971 1.950 1.470 1.224 1.000 0.817 0.686 7.583 1.336
AW F8F45 · 2013 −2.059 −4.015 5.250 3.029 1.950 1.457 1.221 1.000 0.809 0.673 7.800 1.341
AW F8F35 · 8HP 2013 −2.059 −4.221 5.519 3.184 2.050 1.492 1.235 1.000 0.801 0.673 8.200 1.351
Longitudinal
AA 80E · 2007 −2.176 −4.056 4.597 2.724 1.864 1.464 1.231 1.000 0.824 0.685 6.709 1.312
AA 80E · 2007 −2.053 −3.786 4.796 2.811 1.844 1.429 1.214 1.000 0.818 0.672 7.132 1.324
AA 80E · Porsche −2.182 −4.024 4.919 2.811 1.844 1.429 1.207 1.000 0.827 0.686 7.173 1.325
  1. ^ Differences in gear ratios have a measurable, direct impact on vehicle dynamics, performance, waste emissions as well as fuel mileage
Drivetrain
Model Final
Drive
AWF8 F35
AWF8 F45
4.398
AWF8 F45 3.075
3.200
AWF8 F45 2.561
AA 80E 2.69
In-Depth Gear Ratios
With Assessment Planetary Gearset: Teeth[a] Count Total Avg.
Reversed Ravigneaux
Model
Type
First Delivery
Max. Input Torque
S1[b]
R1[c]
S2[d]
R2[e]
S3[f]
R3[g]
Brakes
Clutches
Ratio
Span
Gear
Step[h]
Gear
Ratio
R2
i R 2 {\displaystyle {i_{R2}}}
R1
i R 1 {\displaystyle {i_{R1}}}
1
i 1 {\displaystyle {i_{1}}}
2
i 2 {\displaystyle {i_{2}}}
3
i 3 {\displaystyle {i_{3}}}
4
i 4 {\displaystyle {i_{4}}}
5
i 5 {\displaystyle {i_{5}}}
6
i 6 {\displaystyle {i_{6}}}
7
i 7 {\displaystyle {i_{7}}}
8
i 8 {\displaystyle {i_{8}}}
Step i R 1 i R 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{R1}}{i_{R2}}}} i R 1 i 1 {\displaystyle -{\tfrac {i_{R1}}{i_{1}}}} [i] i 1 i 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}} i 1 i 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}} [j] i 2 i 3 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{2}}{i_{3}}}} i 3 i 4 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{3}}{i_{4}}}} i 4 i 5 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{4}}{i_{5}}}} i 5 i 6 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{5}}{i_{6}}}} i 6 i 7 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{6}}{i_{7}}}} i 7 i 8 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{7}}{i_{8}}}}
Step 2[k] i 1 i 2 : i 2 i 3 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}:{\tfrac {i_{2}}{i_{3}}}} i 2 i 3 : i 3 i 4 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{2}}{i_{3}}}:{\tfrac {i_{3}}{i_{4}}}} i 3 i 4 : i 4 i 5 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{3}}{i_{4}}}:{\tfrac {i_{4}}{i_{5}}}} i 4 i 5 : i 5 i 6 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{4}}{i_{5}}}:{\tfrac {i_{5}}{i_{6}}}} i 5 i 6 : i 6 i 7 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{5}}{i_{6}}}:{\tfrac {i_{6}}{i_{7}}}} i 6 i 7 : i 7 i 8 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{6}}{i_{7}}}:{\tfrac {i_{7}}{i_{8}}}}
Shaft
Speed
i 1 i R 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{R2}}}} i 1 i R 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{R1}}}} i 1 i 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}} i 1 i 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}} i 1 i 3 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{3}}}} i 1 i 4 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{4}}}} i 1 i 5 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{5}}}} i 1 i 6 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{6}}}} i 1 i 7 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{7}}}} i 1 i 8 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{8}}}}
Δ Shaft
Speed
i 1 i R 1 i 1 i R 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{R1}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{R2}}}} 0 i 1 i R 1 {\displaystyle 0-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{R1}}}} i 1 i 1 0 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}-0} i 1 i 2 i 1 i 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}} i 1 i 3 i 1 i 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{3}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}} i 1 i 4 i 1 i 3 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{4}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{3}}}} i 1 i 5 i 1 i 4 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{5}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{4}}}} i 1 i 6 i 1 i 5 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{6}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{5}}}} i 1 i 7 i 1 i 6 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{7}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{6}}}} i 1 i 8 i 1 i 7 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{8}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{7}}}}
Transverse engines
AW F8F35
AW F8F45
350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) · 2013
480 N⋅m (354 lb⋅ft) · 2013
38
78
36
44
44
96
2
4
7.5833 1.3357[h]
Ratio
i n {\displaystyle i_{n}}
−2.1818
24 11 {\displaystyle -{\tfrac {24}{11}}}
−4.2545[i]
234 55 {\displaystyle -{\tfrac {234}{55}}}
5.2000
26 5 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {26}{5}}}
2.9714[l]
104 35 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {104}{35}}}
1.9500
39 20 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {39}{20}}}
1.4700[h][m]
416 283 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {416}{283}}}
1.2235[l][m]
104 85 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {104}{85}}}
1.0000[l]
1 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{1}}}
0.8175
936 1 , 145 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {936}{1,145}}}
0.6857
24 35 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {24}{35}}}
Step 1.9500 0.8181[i] 1.0000 1.7500 1.5238 1.3266[h] 1.2014 1.2235 1.2233 1.1921
Step 2[k] 1.1484[l] 1.1486 1.1042 0.9819[l] 1.0002[l] 1.0261
Speed –2.3833 –1.2222 1.0000 1.7500 2.6667 3.5375 4.2500 5.200 6.3611 7.5833
Δ Speed 1.1611 1.2222 1.0000 0.7500 0.9167 0.8708[m] 0.7125[m] 0.9500 1.1611 1.2222
AW F8F45 480 N⋅m (354 lb⋅ft) · 2013[5] 38
78
26
34
34
70
2
4
7.8000 1.3410[h]
Ratio
i n {\displaystyle i_{n}}
−2.0588
35 17 {\displaystyle -{\tfrac {35}{17}}}
−4.0147[i]
273 68 {\displaystyle -{\tfrac {273}{68}}}
5.2500
21 4 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {21}{4}}}
3.0288[l]
315 104 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {315}{104}}}
1.9500
39 20 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {39}{20}}}
1.4570[h][m]
1 , 575 1 , 081 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1,575}{1,081}}}
1.2209[l][m]
105 86 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {105}{86}}}
1.0000[l]
1 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{1}}}
0.8086
1 , 365 1 , 688 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1,365}{1,688}}}
0.6731
35 52 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {35}{52}}}
Step 1.9500 0.7647[i] 1.0000 1.7333 1.5533 1.3384[h] 1.1933 1.2209 1.2366 1.2014
Step 2[k] 1.1159[l] 1.1605 1.1215 0.9774[l] 0.9873[l] 1.0293
Speed –2.5500 –1.3077 1.0000 1.7333 2.6923 3.6033 4.3000 5.2500 6.4923 7.5833
Δ Speed 1.2423 1.3077 1.0000 0.7333 0.9590 0.9110[m] 0.6967[m] 0.9500 1.2423 1.3077
AW F8F35 350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) · 2013 42
82
26
34
34
70
2
4
8.2000 1.3507[h]
Ratio
i n {\displaystyle i_{n}}
−2.0588
35 17 {\displaystyle -{\tfrac {35}{17}}}
−4.2206[i]
287 68 {\displaystyle -{\tfrac {287}{68}}}
5.5192
287 52 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {287}{52}}}
3.1842[l]
4 , 305 1 , 352 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {4,305}{1,352}}}
2.0500[l]
41 20 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {41}{20}}}
1.4920
3 , 075 2 , 061 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {3,075}{2,061}}}
1.2349[l][m]
205 166 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {205}{166}}}
1.0000[l]
1 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{1}}}
0.8008
205 256 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {205}{256}}}
0.6731
35 52 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {35}{52}}}
Step 2.0500 0.7647[i] 1.0000 1.7333 1.5533 1.3740 1.2082 1.2349 1.2488 1.1897
Step 2[k] 1.1159[l] 1.1305[l] 1.1372 0.9783[l] 0.9889[l] 1.0496
Speed –2.6808 –1.3077 1.0000 1.7333 2.6923 3.6992 4.4692 5.5192 6.8923 8.2000
Δ Speed 1.3731 1.3077 1.0000 0.7333 0.9590 1.0069 0.7700[m] 1.0500 1.3731 1.3077
Longitudinal engines
AA 80E
Lexus
480 N⋅m (354 lb⋅ft) · 2007 38
82
30
34
34
74
2
4
6.7091 1.3125[h]
Ratio
i n {\displaystyle i_{n}}
−2.1765
37 17 {\displaystyle -{\tfrac {37}{17}}}
−4.0561[i]
1 , 517 374 {\displaystyle -{\tfrac {1,517}{374}}}
4.5970
1 , 517 330 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1,517}{330}}}
2.7241
12 , 136 4 , 455 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {12,136}{4,455}}}
1.8636
41 22 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {41}{22}}}
1.4642[h][m]
24 , 272 16 , 577 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {24,272}{16,577}}}
1.2313[l][m]
1 , 517 1 , 232 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1,517}{1,232}}}
1.0000
1 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{1}}}
0.8245
1 , 517 1 , 840 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1,517}{1,840}}}
0.6852
37 54 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {37}{54}}}
Step 1.8636 0.8824[i] 1.0000 1.6875 1.4617 1.2728[h] 1.1891 1.2313 1.2129 1.2033
Step 2[k] 1.1545 1.1484 1.0704 0.9657[l] 1.0152 1.0080
Speed –2.1121 –1.1333 1.0000 1.6875 2.4667 3.1396 3.7333 4.5970 5.5758 6.7091
Δ Speed 0.9788 1.1333 1.0000 0.6875 0.7792 0.6729[m] 0.5938[m] 0.8636 0.9788 1.1333
AA 80E 38
83
30
38
38
78
2
4
7.1319 1.3240[h]
Ratio
i n {\displaystyle i_{n}}
−2.0526
39 19 {\displaystyle -{\tfrac {39}{19}}}
−3.7860[i]
1 , 079 285 {\displaystyle -{\tfrac {1,079}{285}}}
4.7956
1 , 079 225 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1,079}{225}}}
2.8112[l]
18 , 343 6 , 525 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {18,343}{6,525}}}
1.8444
83 45 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {83}{45}}}
1.4294[h][m]
18 , 343 12833 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {18,343}{12833}}}
1.2137[l][m]
1 , 079 889 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1,079}{889}}}
1.0000[l]
1 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{1}}}
0.8176
3 , 237 3 , 959 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {3,237}{3,959}}}
0.6724
39 58 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {39}{58}}}
Step 1.8444 0.7895[i] 1.0000 1.7059 1.5241 1.2904[h] 1.1777 1.2137 1.2230 1.2160
Step 2[k] 1.1192[l] 1.1811 1.0957 0.9703[l] 0.9924[l] 1.0058
Speed –2.3363 –1.2667 1.0000 1.7059 2.6000 3.3550 3.9511 4.7956 5.8653 7.1319
Δ Speed 1.0696 1.2667 1.0000 0.7059 0.8941 0.7550[m] 0.5961[m] 0.8444 1.0696 1.2667
AA 80E
Porsche
650 N⋅m (479 lb⋅ft) · 2013 38
83
36
44
44
96
2
4
7.1728 1.3251[h]
Ratio
i n {\displaystyle i_{n}}
−2.1818
24 11 {\displaystyle -{\tfrac {24}{11}}}
−4.0242[i]
664 165 {\displaystyle -{\tfrac {664}{165}}}
4.9185
664 135 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {664}{135}}}
2.8106[l]
2656 945 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {2656}{945}}}
1.8444
83 45 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {83}{45}}}
1.4295[h][m]
1 , 328 929 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1,328}{929}}}
1.2073[l][m]
332 275 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {332}{275}}}
1.0000[l]
1 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{1}}}
0.8266
996 1205 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {996}{1205}}}
0.6857
24 35 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {24}{35}}}
Step 1.8444 0.8181[i] 1.0000 1.7500 1.5238 1.2903[h] 1.1841 1.2073 1.2098 1.2054
Step 2[k] 1.1484[l] 1.1810 1.0897 0.9808[l] 0.9979[l] 1.0037
Speed –2.2543 –1.2222 1.0000 1.7500 2.6667 3.3550 3.9511 4.7956 5.8653 7.1319
Δ Speed 1.0321 1.2222 1.0000 0.7500 0.9167 0.7741[m] 0.6333[m] 0.8444 1.0321 1.2222
Ratio
R & even
i R 2 = S 3 R 3 {\displaystyle i_{R2}=-{\tfrac {S_{3}}{R_{3}}}} R 1 R 3 ( S 2 + R 2 ) S 2 ( R 1 S 1 ) ( S 3 + R 3 ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {R_{1}R_{3}(S_{2}+R_{2})}{S_{2}(R_{1}-S_{1})(S_{3}+R_{3})}}} R 1 R 3 ( S 2 + R 2 ) S 2 R 3 ( R 1 S 1 ) + R 1 R 2 R 3 S 1 S 2 S 3 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {R_{1}R_{3}(S_{2}+R_{2})}{S_{2}R_{3}(R_{1}-S_{1})+R_{1}R_{2}R_{3}-S_{1}S_{2}S_{3}}}} i 6 = 1 1 {\displaystyle i_{6}={\tfrac {1}{1}}} 1 8 = R 3 S 3 + R 3 {\displaystyle 1_{8}={\tfrac {R_{3}}{S_{3}+R_{3}}}}
Ratio
R & odd
i R 1 = R 1 R 3 S 3 ( S 1 R 1 ) {\displaystyle i_{R1}={\tfrac {R_{1}R_{3}}{S_{3}(S_{1}-R_{1})}}} i 1 = R 1 R 2 R 3 S 2 S 3 ( R 1 S 1 ) {\displaystyle i_{1}={\tfrac {R_{1}R_{2}R_{3}}{S_{2}S_{3}(R_{1}-S_{1})}}} i 3 = R 1 R 1 S 1 {\displaystyle i_{3}={\tfrac {R_{1}}{R_{1}-S_{1}}}} R 1 R 2 R 3 R 1 R 2 R 3 S 1 S 2 S 3 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {R_{1}R_{2}R_{3}}{R_{1}R_{2}R_{3}-S_{1}S_{2}S_{3}}}} R 1 R 3 R 1 R 3 S 1 S 3 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {R_{1}R_{3}}{R_{1}R_{3}-S_{1}S_{3}}}}
Algebra And Actuated Shift Elements
Brake A
Brake B
Clutch C
Clutch D
Clutch E
Clutch F
  1. ^ Layout
    • Input and output are on opposite sides
    • Planetary gearset 1 is on the input (turbine) side
    • Input shafts are C1 (planetary gear carrier of reversed gearset 1) and, if actuated, C2 and C3 (the compound planetary gear carrier of the Ravigneaux gearset)
    • Output shaft is R3 (ring gear of outer Ravigneaux gearset)
  2. ^ Sun 1: sun gear of gearset 1: reversed gearset
  3. ^ Ring 1: ring gear of gearset 1 reversed gearset
  4. ^ Sun 2: sun gear of gearset 2: inner Ravigneaux gearset
  5. ^ Ring 2: ring gear of gearset 2: inner Ravigneaux gearset
  6. ^ Sun 3: sun gear of gearset 3: outer Ravigneaux gearset
  7. ^ Ring 3: ring gear of gearset 3: outer Ravigneaux gearset
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Standard 50/50: 50/50 are above/below average step
    With consistently falling gear steps (row highlighted in yellow), the lower half of them (rounded down, here the first three) is always larger and the upper half of them (rounded up, here the last four) is always smaller than the average gear step (cell highlighted in yellow two rows above). Deviating gear steps (red bold) indicate an unfavorable gearset selection
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Standard REV: reverse gear is similar to 1st gear
    Reverse and 1st gear should have the same ratio. Plus 11 % minus 10 % compared to 1st gear is good, plus 25 % minus 20 % is acceptable (red); even larger deviations (bold) can impair the driving experience, especially when towing a trailer. A torque converter can only partially compensate for this deficiency
  10. ^ Standard FIRST: gear step 1st to 2nd gear
    With consistently falling gear steps, the largest gear step is the one from the 1st to the 2nd gear, although it should be limited for a smooth gear shift. A ratio step of up to 5 : 3 (1.6667 : 1) is good, up to 7 : 4 (1.7500 : 1) is acceptable (red); above (bold) is unsatisfactory
  11. ^ a b c d e f g From right to left
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Standard SECOND: 2nd degree steps above 1
    With consistently rising (from right to left) gear steps, each 2nd degree step (first row highlighted in green) is larger than 1. Smaller than its predecessor is acceptable (red); smaller than 1 (bold) is unsatisfactory
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Standard SPEED: shaft speed difference increase
    One difference that runs counter to the consistent increase in shaft speed differences (second row highlighted in green) is acceptable (red); two consecutive ones (bold) indicate an unfavorable gearset selection

Applications

BMW/MINI

  • 2015–present BMW 2 Series Active Tourer (F45) and Gran Tourer (F46) with 4-cylinder engines
  • 2016–present BMW X1 (F48) with 4-cylinder engines
  • 2016–present Mini Clubman (F54) with 4-cylinder engines
  • 2016–present Mini Countryman (F60) with 4-cylinder engines (and B38 with AWD)
  • 2018–present Mini Cooper SD (F55/F56) and JCW (F56) due to torque output over 300Nm
  • 2018–present BMW X2 (F39) with 4-cylinder engines
  • 2019–present BMW 1 Series (F40) with 4-cylinder engines
  • 2020–present BMW 2 Series Gran Coupé with 4-cylinder engines

Changan

Chery

Citroën

DS Automobiles

Exeed

Geely

GM

Jaguar

Land Rover

Lexus

  • 2012–present Lexus RX (V6 AL10 F-Sport, AL20 & AL30 non Hybrids)
  • 2018–present Lexus ES (non-hybrid engines)
  • 2020–present Lexus LM (LM350)
  • 2022–present Lexus NX (non-hybrid engines)
  • 2024–present Lexus LBX (Morizo RR)

Lynk & Co

  • 2017–present 01
  • 2018–present 03
  • 2020–present 05[9]
  • 2021–present 02
  • 2021–present 09

Mitsubishi

Opel/Vauxhall

Peugeot

Polestar

Škoda

Toyota (as UA8xx)

Volkswagen/MAN

Volvo (TG-81SC/SD)

References

  1. ^ Toshihiko Aoki; Hiroshi Kato; Naoki Kato; Morise Masaru (8 April 2013). The World's First Transverse 8-Speed Automatic Transmission (Technical report). SAE International. doi:10.4271/2013-01-1274. 2013-01-1274.
  2. ^ Aisin AW Co. "High Torque Capacity FWD 8-speed AT". www.aisin-aw.co.jp. Archived from the original on 2018-05-20. Retrieved 2018-05-19.
  3. ^ a b "Volvo V60 prijslijst Modeljaar 2019" [Volvo V60 price list model year 2019] (PDF). volvo-tools-prd-media.s3.amazonaws.com (in Dutch). Volvo Cars Netherlands. July 2018. pp. 18–19. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-10-16. Retrieved 2018-07-14. File valid from 12 November 2018
  4. ^ Geord Bednarek (2 December 2016). "Der neue Insignia – im 8-Stufen Takt" [The new Insignia – with 8-step beat]. www.opel-blog.com (in German). Opel AG. Archived from the original on 2017-10-15. Retrieved 2017-12-29.
  5. ^ a b c "Cadillac XT5 Initiates New Series of Cadillac Luxury Crossovers" (PDF). media.cadillac.com (Press release). Cadillac. 9 November 2015. p. 12. Retrieved 2018-07-14. No archive due to robots.txt
  6. ^ "8 Speed Auto (US) Transmission and Torque Capacity".
  7. ^ "Test Drive Geely Xingyue Coupe SUV Review". 29 May 2019.
  8. ^ "All-New 2017 Buick LaCrosse is Here | TechLink". sandyblogs.com. Retrieved 2018-08-02.
  9. ^ "Lynk & Co. Reveals 05 coupe-like crossover".
  10. ^ Don Sherman (December 2016). "2018 Volkswagen Tiguan: We Finally Sample the U.S. Version". caranddriver.com.
  11. ^ "2022 Volkswagen Taos: What We Know So Far". 21 April 2021.
  12. ^ Chris Davies (5 September 2014). "2015 Volvo S80 D4 Geartronic SE Lux review – Updated Swedish Exec Gets Greener". carproductstested.com. Archived from the original on 2017-11-07. Retrieved 2017-12-28.
  13. ^ "Volvo V70 – model year 2014". www.media.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 13 May 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-10-23. Retrieved 2017-12-28.
  14. ^ a b c Paul Weissler (20 January 2016). "Volvo's 2017 S90 has standard semi-autonomous driving system". articles.sae.org. SAE International. Archived from the original on 2017-10-17. Retrieved 2017-12-29.
  15. ^ Gary Witzenburg (8 January 2018). "2019 XC40 spearheads Volvo's new CMA platform". SAE International. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2018-06-08.