Ahmed Ghulam Ali Chagla
Ahmed Ghulam Ali Chagla احمد غلام علی چھاگلہ | |
---|---|
Background information | |
Born | (1902-05-31)31 May 1902 Karachi, British India |
Origin | Karachi, Pakistan |
Died | 5 February 1953(1953-02-05) (aged 50) Karachi, Pakistan[1] |
Genres | Modern classical |
Occupation(s) | Musician, writer |
Years active | 1922–1953 |
Ahmed Ghulam Ali Chagla (Urdu: احمد غلام علی چھاگلہ; 31 May 1902 – 5 February 1953) was a Pakistani musical composer who famously wrote the music for the national anthem of Pakistan in 1949.[1] A scholar and writer, he was also an active member of the Theosophical Society.[2][1]
Early life
Chagla was born into a prominent Karachi family. His father, Ghulam Ali Chagla, was the third elected president of the municipality of Karachi, serving from 1921 to 1922.[3] Ahmed Chagla attended the Sindh Madrassat-ul-Islam in Karachi and took lessons in classical Indian music in 1910 and western musical composition in 1914.
Chagla became interested in the study of the theory of music (both eastern and western). In 1922, he began studying eastern and western systems of music under the famous art critic James Cousins. He was particularly interested in points of contact between the two systems. Chagla undertook several journeys to gain an insight of various eastern systems of music. In 1923, he travelled from Karachi to Iraq, via Balochistan and northern Iran (including the Caspian Sea, Teheran, Tabriz and Kermanshah).[4] After touring Iraq, he returned to Karachi by way of Basra. In 1928 he qualified from Trinity College of Music in London.[5]
In 1929, Chagla undertook an overland journey from Europe to Karachi to study how far west the influence of eastern music extended. Amongst the countries he visited were Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Turkey, Syria, Palestine and Iraq. Chagla gained considerable practical experience from opera houses and symphony orchestras along the way. In addition to classical music, Chagla became proficient in orchestral, operatic classical composing and conducting of western music.[5] This journey was followed by two more visits to Europe in 1935 and 1938.
Later life
After the 1935 trip, Chagla moved from Karachi to Bombay for several years while studying the foundations of Indian music in collaboration with other scholars. From 1947 onwards, he wrote a series of articles on the music, art and culture of the countries he had visited during his travels.[5]
In 1948, Chagla was appointed as a member of the National Anthem Committee (NAC) of Pakistan, tasked with creating the national anthem of Pakistan. The impending state visit to Pakistan by the Shah of Iran in 1950, created an impetus for a national anthem to be ready with or without lyrics. The NAC examined several different tunes and selected a tune presented by Chagla which was submitted for formal approval. Chagla then produced the musical composition in collaboration with other committee members including Radio Pakistan's first director-general Zulfiqar Ali Bukhari and musician Nihal Abdullah and assisted by the Pakistan Navy band.[5][1]
In addition to being a musical composer and historian, Chagla was also an author, journalist, and writer, with most of his articles written prior to the independence of Pakistan in 1947. His works included a series of articles on classical Urdu poets such as Mirza Ghalib and Allama Iqbal and an article on the Sindhi poet Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai, which appeared in the Illustrated Weekly of India in December 1937.[6] He also composed music for a number of Urdu, Gujarati, Sindhi and English plays, and composed music on eastern and western instruments for various films.[5]
Chagla also authored several articles on different subjects titled "Some Aspects of Iqbal's Thought", "Cultural Expression in Fine Arts and in Music", "Pakistan - The Crucible of Cultures", "Music of Pakistan", and "Muslim Contribution to Indo-Pakistan Music."
Death
Chagla died on 5 February 1953 in Karachi, before the national anthem was officially adopted by the Government of Pakistan in August 1954.[1]
Awards
Chagla's contribution to the national anthem was recognised in 1996 when he was posthumously awarded the Pride of Performance award by the President of Pakistan on the occasion of "Pakistan Day" on 23 March 1997.[7][8][1]
In 2023, he was awarded the Nishan-i-Imtiaz by the President of Pakistan.[9]
Writings
- K̲h̲ūnī, Hyderabad : Ṭāgor Ḍrāmeṭik Klub, 1931, 116 p. Based on a German drama.
- "The romance of Shah Latif" in Pakistan miscellany, Karachi : Pakistan Publications, 1952, vol 2.
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f Akhtar Balouch (14 August 2015). "The seven long years when Pakistan did not sing its national anthem". Dawn. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
- ^ Khadim Hussain Soomro in Sabiah Askari (ed.), Studies on Karachi: Papers Presented at the Karachi Conference 2013, Cambridge Scholars Publishing (2015), p. 75
- ^ "Elected President of City District Government of Lahore". City District Government of Karachi. Archived from the original on 22 February 2006. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
- ^ "Profile of Ahmed Ghulam Ali Chagla". Chagla family. Archived from the original on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
- ^ a b c d e "Forty National Anthems". Michael Jamieson Bristow. Archived from the original on 9 May 2006. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
- ^ "Urdu Poets". Chagla family. Archived from the original on 16 October 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
- ^ Aftab Shahban Mirani (3 May 2018). "National anthem's composer (Ahmed Ghulam Ali Chagla)". Retrieved 20 June 2019.
- ^ "National Anthem of Pakistan composer Ahmed Ghulamali Chagla". Chagla family. Archived from the original on 16 October 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
- ^ "President confers Pakistan civil awards on 135 individuals". The Express Tribune. 23 March 2023. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
External links
- Official Website
- "Forty National Anthems". Michael Jamieson Bristow. Archived from the original on 9 May 2006. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
- v
- t
- e
- Abdur Rehman Chughtai (1958)
- Zainul Abedin (1958)
- Hafeez Jalandhari (1958)
- Professor Abdus Salam (1958)
- Roshan Ara Begum (1960)
- Fateh Ali Khan (Qawwali singer) (1960)
- Tassaduq Hussain (1960)
- Sadequain (1962)
- Mehdi Ali Mirza (1962)
- Ghulam Mustafa Tabassum (1962)
- Ahmed Mohiuddin (1962)
- Allah Bakhsh (1963)
- Shahid Ahmad Dehlvi (1963)
- Noor Jehan (1965)
- A.S.M. Qamarul Hasan (1965)
- Zubaida Agha (1965)
- Ferdausi Begum (1965)
- Sharif Khan Poonchwaley (1965)
- Imtiaz Ali Taj (1965)
- Salimuzzaman Siddiqui (1966)
- Shakir Ali (1966)
- Khwaja Moinuddin (1966)
- Ayat Ali Khan (1966)
- Ustad Haji Mohammad Sharif (1967)
- Munshi Raziuddin (1967)
- Rafi Peer (1967)
- Ali Imam (1968)
- Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi (1968)
- Amanat Ali Khan (1969)
- Bade Fateh Ali Khan (1969)
- Leila Arjumand Banu (1969)
- Umeed Ali Khan (1969)
- Mohammad Kibria (1969)
- Anna Molka Ahmed (1969)
- Ismail Gulgee (1970)
- Farida Khanum (1970)
- Naheed Niazi (1970)
- Muslehuddin (1970)
- Ustad Gul Mohammad Khan (1971)
- S. M. Ikram (1971)
- Iqbal Bano (1974)
- Salamat Ali Khan (1977)
- Munir Sarhadi (1978)
- Ahmed Parvez (1978)
- Ustad Manzoor Ali Khan (1978)
- Sabri Brothers (1978)
- Ibn-e-Insha (1978)
- Faiz Mohammad Baloch (1979)
- Khamiso Khan (1979)
- Kishwar Sultan (1979)
- Ustad Fateh Ali Khan (Sitar Nawaz) (1979)
- Ghulam Ali (1979)
- Alam Lohar (1979)
- Mureed Buledi (1979)
- Misri Khan Jamali (1979)
- Pathanay Khan (1979)
- Mohammad Azam Chishti (1979)
- Ashfaq Ahmed (1979)
- Nabi Bakhsh Baloch (1979)
- Mohammad Qavi Khan (1980)
- Ustad Khyal Muhammad (1980)
- Allan Fakir (1980)
- Sohail Rana (1980)
- Khalid Iqbal (1980)
- Aazar Zubi (1980)
- Malika Pukhraj (1980)
- Muhammad Juman (1980)
- Qari Shakir Qasmi (1981)
- Nasir Jahan (1981)
- Mansoor Tabish (1981)
- Qari Syed Ali Sharfuddin Yemni (1981)
- Nanhe Ali Khan (music performer))(1981)
- Roohi Bano (1981)
- Alexander Robert (1981)
- Mai Bhagi (1981)
- Mirza Adeeb (1981)
- Uzma Gillani (1982)
- Qari Ubaidur Rehman (1982)
- Talat Hussain (1982)
- Tufail Niazi (1982)
- Reshma (1982)
- Arsh Muneer (1983)
- Ustad Nazar Hussain (1983)
- Atta Shad (1983)
- Qari Waheed Zafar Qasmi (1984)
- Begum Khurshid Mirza (1984)
- Abida Parveen (1984)
- Muhammad Ali (1984)
- Sayed Nafees al-Hussaini, Nafees Raqam (1985)
- Ustad Chhote Ghulam Ali Khan (1985)
- Bundu Khan (1985)
- Mehdi Hasan (1985)
- Shaukat Hussain (1985)
- Qari Ghulam Rasool (1985)
- Siddiq Ismail (1985)
- Abid Ali (1985)
- Syed Mehmood Ali (1985)
- Sabiha Khanum (1986)
- Shahzad Khalil (1986)
- Suraiya Multanikar (1986)
- Firdous Jamal (1986)
- Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan(1986)
- Azhar Lodhi (1986)
- Riaz Batalvi (1986)
- Intizar Hussain (1986)
- Amjad Islam Amjad (1987)
- Ustad Abdul Majeed Dehlvi (1987)
- Haseena Moin (1987)
- Aadil Salahuddin (1987)
- Sain Akhtar Hussain (1987)
- Qari Izhar Ahmed Thanvi (1987)
- Shaista Zaid (1988)
- Ghulam Hassan Shaggan (1988)
- Mustafa Qureshi (1988)
- Muzaffar Warsi (1988)
- Qazi Wajid (1988)
- Ustad Kabir Khan (1989)
- Ghulam Ahmed Chishti (1989)
- Musarrat Nazir (1989)
- Shafi Mohammad Shah (1989)
- Kamal Ahmed Rizvi (1989)
- Jameel Bismil (1989)
- Bushra Ansari (1989)
- Ameer Khan (1989)
- Amjad Hussain (1989)
- Ustad Salamat Ali Khan (1989)
- Aziz Mian (1989)
- Talish (1989)
- Maharaj Ghulam Hussain Kathak (1989)
- Jamil Naqsh (1989)
- Enver Sajjad (1989)
- Salim Nasir (1990)
- Daud Kamal (1990)
- Khalid Hameed Baig (1990)
- Shaukat Ali (1990)
- Ustad Sadiq Ali Khan Mando (1990)
- Ustad Hamid Ali Khan (1990)
- Ustad Fateh Ali Khan (Gwalior gharana) (1990)
- Ahmed Saeed Nagi (1990)
- Qari Mohammad Fida (1990)
- Parveen Shakir (1990)
- Iftikhar Arif (1990)
- Ibrahim Jalees (1990)
- Jamiluddin Aali (1991)
- Khursheed Alam known as Gohar Qalam (1991)
- Khayyam Sarhadi (1991)
- Attaullah Khan Esakhelvi (1991)
- Ata ul Haq Qasmi (1991)
- Nayyar Ali Dada (1992)
- Shakeel (Yousuf Kamal) (1992)
- Noor Mohammad Lashari (1992)
- Tariq Aziz (1992)
- Mustansar Hussain Tarar (1992)
- Pervez Malik (1992)
- Jawed Iqbal (1992)
- Mian Ijazul Hasan (1992)
- Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman (1992)
- Munir Niazi (1992)
- Naseem Hijazi (1992)
- Mian Sheheryar (1992)
- Mushtaq Gazdar (1992)
- Waheed Qureshi (1993)
- Ismail Shahid (1993)
- Saeed Akhtar (1993)
- Ali Ejaz (1993)
- S.H. Hashmi (1993)
- Syed Manzoorul Kaunain (1993)
- Qari Syed Buzurg Shah Al-Azhari (1993)
- Agha Nasir (1993)
- Farooq Qaiser (1993)
- Bashir Mirza (1994)
- Ahmad Bashir (1994)
- Shahid Jalal (1994)
- Qari Mohammad Younus (1994)
- Qari Syed Ali Abid Naqvi (1994)
- Mehr Abdul Haq (1994)
- Nisar Bazmi (1994)
- Hamid Ali Bela (1994)
- Zareena Baloch (1994)
- Anwar Maqsood (1994)
- Shujaat Hashmi (1994)
- Qateel Shifai (1994)
- Zamir Niazi (1994))
- Tufail Hoshiarpuri (1994)
- Nahid Siddiqui (1994))
- Laeeq Ahmed (1994)
- Abdus Salam (newscaster) (1994)
- Allah Rakha (sarangi) (1995)
- Ustad Talib Hussain Khan (1995)
- Colin David (1995)
- Shoaib Hashmi (1995)
- Rauf Khalid (1995)
- Laila Shahzada (1995)
- Hajra Masroor (1995)
- Khursheed Ahmad (1996)
- Mashooq Sultan (1996)
- Safeerullah Lehri (1996)
- Afzal Ahsan Randhawa (1996)
- Qari Noor Mohammad (1996)
- Rubina Khalid (1996)
- Fatima Surayya Bajia (1996)
- Sehba Akhtar (1996)
- Mohammad Ali Shah (surgeon) (1996)
- Ahmad Rahi (1997)
- Ahmed Ghulam Ali Chagla (1997)
- Nadeem Baig (1997)
- Abdul Hameed (1997)
- Masroor Anwar (1997)
- Ahmad Ali Khan (1997)
- Akhtar Chanal Zahri (1998)
- Mumtaz Mirza (1998)
- Suhrab Faqir (1999)
- Dilawar Figar (1999)
- Salima Hashmi (1999)
- Anwar Masood (1999)
- Anita Ghulam Ali (1999)
- Zafar Iqbal (poet) (1999)
- Khalid Abbas Dar (1999)
- Khatir Ghaznavi (1999)
- Mujahid Kamran (1999)
- Raza Mir (1999)
- Amjad Parvez (2000)
- Sharif Kunjahi (2000)
- Kamaluddin Ahmed (2001)
- Athar Shah Khan Jaidi (2001)
- Jameel Fakhri (2002)
- Nazia Hassan (2002)
- Deena M. Mistri (2002)
- Askari Mian Irani (2002)
- Himayat Ali Shair (2002)
- Shoaib Mansoor (2002)
- Jilani Kamran (2002)
- Iftikhar Ahmad (2003)
- Ada Jafri (2003)
- Syed Afzal Hussain (2003)
- Syed Munawwar Saeed (2003)
- Abdul Aziz Baloch (2003)
- Ghulam Mustafa (2003)
- Majeed Khan (sarangi player) (2003)
- Muneeza Hashmi (2003)
- Muhammad Ali Siddiqui (2003)
- Imdad Hussaini (2003)
- Muhammad Usman Diplai (2004)
- Yousuf Khan (actor) (2004)
- Mahtab Akbar Rashdi (2004)
- Chishty Bin Subh-o-Mujahid (2004)
- Navid Shahzad (2004)
- Salahuddin Toofani (2004)
- S. M. Naqi (2004)
- Haji Atta Muhammad (2004)
- Moin Niazi (2004)
- Shahida Parveen (2004)
- Tina Sani (2004)
- Niaz Ahmed (2004)
- Samiur Rahman (2004)
- Tariq Rahman (2004)
- Rais Khan (2005)
- Arif Lohar (2005)
- Rangeela (2005)
- Muhammad Mansha Yaad (2005)
- Shabnam Shakeel (2005)
- Abdul Rauf Rufi (2005)
- Khawaja Najmul Hassan (2005)
- Amir Adnan (2006)
- Asghar Nadeem Syed (2006)
- Arshad Mehmood (2006)
- Arfa Karim (2006)
- Fareed Ayaz (2006)
- Nayyar Kamal (2006)
- Tassawar Khanum (2006)
- Ustad Badar uz Zaman (2006)
- Ustad Qamar uz Zaman (2006)
- Shafqat Tanvir Mirza (2006)
- Zehra Nigah (2006)
- Khalida Hussain (2006)
- Ghazi Sial (2006)
- Nayyara Noor (2006)
- Masood Akhtar (2006)
- Aftab Iqbal Shamim (2006)
- Naheed Akhtar (2007)
- Shaan (2007)
- Asad Amanat Ali Khan (2007)
- Hamid Ali Khan (2007)
- Faakhir Mehmood (2007)
- Munnu Bhai (2007)
- Munni Begum (2008)
- Akhtar Munir (2008)
- Gopal Das (2008)
- Haji Mehr Ali (2008)
- Haji Sher Ali (2008)
- Nahid Raza (2008)
- Gul Bahar Bano (2008)
- Mujahid Hussain (2008)
- Rasheed Malik (2008)
- Sultana Siddiqui (2008)
- Abdul Karim Balouch (2008)
- Abdul Qadir Junejo (2008)
- M. Hanif Raza (2008)
- Nasreen Askari (2008)
- Shafqat Amanat Ali (2008)
- Mansoor Rahi (2008)
- Tari Khan (2008)
- Noorul Huda Shah (2008)
- Rasheed Naz (2009)
- Ustad Shafqat Ali Khan (2009)
- Muhammad Younus Khan (2009)
- Emanuel Philip (2009)
- Rehana Siddiqui (2009)
- Shabbir Hussain (2009)
- Manzoor Hussain (2009)
- Parveen Nazzar (2009)
- Javaid Tufail Niazi (2009)
- Babar Ali Niazi (2009)
- Hajra Mansoor (2009)
- Behroze Sabzwari (2009)
- Obaidullah Baig (2009)
- Khalifa Muhammad Irshad Beg (2009)
- Naseem Sultan (2009)
- Ghous Bux Brohi (2009)
- Sahib Dino Mallah (2009)
- Satish Chandra Anand (2009)
- Rubeena Malik (2009)
- Badar Munir (2009)
- Muhammad Gul (2009)
- Mehnaz Hyat (2009)
- Abdul Qadir (2009)
- Ghayyur Akhtar (2009)
- Aslam Farrukhi (2009)
- Ali Moeen Nawazish (2009)
- Afzal Tauseef (2010)
- Musarrat Misbah (2010)
- Rabia Zuberi (2010)
- Zulfiqar Ali (2010)
- Mahmood Shaam (2010)
- Hameed Akhtar (2010)
- Fahmida Riaz (2010)
- Shahid Nadeem (2010)
- Muhammad Ibrahim Joyo (2010)
- Masood Mufti (2010)
- Masood Ashar (2010)
- Habib-ur-Rehman (2011)
- Khalida Inayat Noor (2011)
- Khan Tehsil (2011)
- Abdul Rahim Nagori (2011)
- S. Amjad Bukhari (2011)
- S. B. John (2011)
- S.H. Qasim Jalali (2011)
- Samina Ahmad (2011)
- Sohail Ahmed (2011)
- Ustad Hussain Bukhsh Gullu (2011)
- Khalid Ahmad (2011)
- Ustad Muhammad Alam (2011)
- Ustad Sharafat Ali Khan (2011)
- Wazir Afzal (2011)
- Zafar Kazmi (2011)
- Moin Akhter (2011)
- Sahira Kazmi (2012)
- Mohsin Gillani (2012)
- Nauman Ijaz (2012)
- Saba Hameed (2012)
- Jawed Sheikh (2012)
- Meera (2012)
- Rahat Naveed Masud (2012)
- Lutfullah Khan (2012)
- Kazim Pasha (2012)
- Tahira Syed (2013)
- Muhammad Ajmal Khan (2013)
- Alamgir (2013)
- Shahida Mini (2013)
- Naghma (2013)
- Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema (2013)
- Cecil Chaudhry (2013)
- Shahid Abdullah (2014)
- Ustad Shafiquz Zaman Khan (2014)
- Aurangzeb Leghari (2014)
- Nazir Leghari (2014)
- Ayub Khawar (2014)
- Mir Mohammad Ali (TV comedian) (2015)
- Ayesha Haroon (2015)
- Saleem Kausar (2015)
- Saba Qamar (2016)
- Waseem Abbas (2016)
- Wajahat Masood (journalist) (2016)
- Gulab Chandio (2016)
- Nathoo Khan (2016)
- Khalid Butt (2016)
- Sarmad Khoosat (2017)
- Humaira Channa (2017)
- Ghazi Salahuddin (2017)
- Rashid Mehmood (2017)
- Shakir Shuja Abadi (2017)
- Zulfiqar Bhutta (2017)
- Aslam Pervaiz (2018)
- Ghulam Haider (musician) (2018)
- Amin Hafeez (2018)
- A. Nayyar (singer) (2018)
- Bilqees Khanum (2018)
- Rauf Parekh (journalist) (2018)
- Amanullah (comedian) (2018)
- Nighat Chaudhry (classical dancer) (2018)
- Nighat Butt (2018)
- Zareen Panna (2018)
- Ishrat Fatima (newsreader) (2019)
- Reema Khan (2019)
- Arshad Sharif (journalist) (2019)
- Nasir Adeeb (2019)
- Shabbir Jan (2019)
- Iftikhar Thakur (2019)
- Deeba (2020)
- Ghulam Mohiuddin (2020)
- Sahir Ali Bagga (2020)
- Waris Baig (2020)
- Ghulam Abbas 2020
- Saieen Zahoor (2020)
- Fareed Ayaz (for qawwali group member Abu Muhammad) (2020)
- Sarmad Sehbai (2021)
- Resham (2021)
- Khalid Masud Gondal (2021)
- Hafeez Tahir (2023)
- Sangeeta (2023)
- Sher Miandad Khan (2023)
- Ustad Tafu (2023)
- Anjuman (2023)
- Naghma (2023)