Alcañices
Alcañices Village of Alcañices | |
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County Capital and municipality | |
Alcañices | |
Catholic Parish of Our Lady of the Assumption of Alcañices (13th century) | |
Flag Coat of arms | |
Motto(s): "Noble, Ilustre e Histórica Villa" ("Noble, Illustrious and Historical Village") | |
41°41′58.85″N 6°20′52.66″W / 41.6996806°N 6.3479611°W / 41.6996806; -6.3479611 | |
Country | Spain |
Autonomous community | Castile and León |
Province | Zamora |
Comarca | Aliste |
Mancomunidad | Tierras de Aliste |
Government | |
• Mayor | David Carrión Galhardo (PP) |
Area | |
• Total | 54.76 km2 (21.14 sq mi) |
Elevation | 810 m (2,660 ft) |
Population (2018)[1] | |
• Total | 1,074 |
• Density | 20/km2 (51/sq mi) |
Demonym | Alcañizanos |
Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
Postal code | 49500 |
Climate | Csb |
Website | Official website |
Alcañices (Portuguese: Alcanizes) is a small town in the province of Zamora, Spain. It is very close to the Portugal-Spain border, not far from the Portuguese town of Bragança. In fact, the Village is especially remembered for being the seat of the Treaty of Alcañices that on 12 September 1297 defined the border between Portugal and the Crown of Castile, the oldest in Europe.[2]
Its name is of Arabic origin and means "the churches", although the origin of the town may have been a hillfort of the Zoelae.[3]
During the Visigoths Enlisted as a free territory until in 586 King Liuvigild assigned it the Pagus Alistii to the Archbishop of Braga, which in 675 the Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela claimed as his own for not agreeing with the award.
In the Reconquest, Alfonso IX of León gave it to the Order of the Temple in 1175 for its repopulation, which in 1210 built a castle and 1255 erected a Commandery.[4] Tradition says that Saint Francis of Assisi passed through Alcañices in 1214 when he was on a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela.
From 1371 to 1820 Alcañices was a manor town of the March of Alcañices, which in 1741 became part of the Ducal House of Alburquerque.[5] During this time, the Marquises built a hospital for pilgrims, an alhóndiga for communal grain, a bridge, a series of fountains and several mills and promoted the creation of a Franciscan convent, which maintained that condition until its confiscation in 1848, as well as a palace within the fortress that is currently a residence for the elderly. In the local toponymy there are still references to the Prado del Marqués or the Huerta del Marqués. In addition, during this period part of the old wall was rebuilt, which had an active military use until 1817.
During the Modern Age, Alcañices was burned by John IV of Portugal in 1643 and was the scene of battles during the Spanish War of Independence, when in 1813 General La Croix surprised Mayor Echevarría and when Marshal Massená sent two divisions to subdue Alcañices and Puebla de Sanabria after the taking of Ciudad Rodrigo. Alcañices was the headquarters of the guerrilla party of Tomás García Vicente.
In Alcañices, until the expulsion of 1492, there was a Jewish quarter that was located outside the city walls, in the southwest of the Dentro la Villa neighborhood, on the sunny slope that looks towards the Fuente del Cañico. The popular name of the Tanneries still subsists in this area due to the leather tanning work carried out by the Jews, who had their own cemetery on the right bank of the river.[6]
In the Royal Chancery of Valladolid, various lawsuits of nobility over Alcañices are preserved, such as Rodríguez (1553), Losada (1553), Pereira de Castro (1611), Gago (1714) and Puelles (1794). In the National Historical Archive there is that of Carrión (1757). [7]
Five kings have visited Alcañices: Alfonso IX of León (1204), Ferdinand IV of Castile and Denis of Portugal (1297) and Juan Carlos I of Spain (1997), as well as - being Infante - Fernando III of Castile (1204). It has also been visited by the President of Portugal, Jorge Sampaio (1997), named Adoptive Son in 2006.[8]
Alcañices has historically been granted the titles of Noble, Illustrious and Historic Village.[9]
Noteworthy is the Route of the Mills and the Route of the Fountains, two modernist buildings (one of them by Francesc Ferriol), as well as various examples of traditional county architecture. The Quinta de los Templarios, an old Templar recreation estate, also remains from the Templar past. Tenant Pablo Muñoz de la Morena, hero of the Spanish War of Independence, is buried in its old parish cemetery.
As for intangible heritage, the religious piece "Auto de los Reyes Magos" sung since time immemorial, of medieval origin. Since 1515, the village also has a Vera Cruz brotherhood, as well as three other brotherhoods and twelve civil associations, including the Manteos y Monteras de Alcañices Folklore School.
It is a central plateau, with undulating geography, alternating dry landscapes with slight mounds, the product of the passage from the Castilian countryside to the Leonese mountains. The soil corresponds to the siliceous zone in which clay abounds. The municipality belongs to the Meseta Ibérica transboundary biosphere reserve, a transboundary natural space between Spain and Portugal protected in 2015 by Unesco for the high level of conservation of its natural habitats and the species that inhabit it. Alcañices is located next to the Sierra de la Culebra, the largest wolf reserve in Europe.
Town hall
Alcañices is home to the town hall of 4 villages:
- Alcañices (893 inhabitants, INE 2020).
- Alcorcillo (98 inhabitants, INE 2020).
- Vivinera (53 inhabitants, INE 2020).
- Santa Ana (21 inhabitants, INE 2020).
See also
- Aliste (comarca)
References
- ^ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
- ^ Martín Viso, Iñaki (2000). Universidad de Salamanca (ed.). Poblamiento y estructuras sociales en el norte de la Península Ibérica. Siglos VI-XIII (in Spanish). p. 349.
- ^ José María Calvo Baeza, Nombres de lugar españoles de origen árabe, Madrid, Darek-Nyumba, 1994 (Pliegos de Encuentro Islamo-Cristiano, 11).
- ^ Castillos de España, (volumen II). VV.AA.. Editorial Everest, S.A.. León, 1997. (P. 1.287)
- ^ Rodríguez Rodríguez, Elías; El señorío de la Casa de Almanza en tierras zamoranas en el siglo XV
- ^ The story of Rachel and Ervigio
- ^ Pleitos de hidalguía que se conservan en el Archivo de la Real Chancillería de Valladolid
- ^ Alcañices appoints Adoptive Son to the former President of Portugal
- ^ Titles of the Village
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- Abezames
- Alcañices (Alcañices, Alcorcillo, Vivinera, Santa Ana)
- Alcubilla de Nogales
- Alfaraz de Sayago
- Algodre
- Almaraz de Duero
- Almeida de Sayago
- Andavías
- Arcenillas
- Arcos de la Polvorosa
- Argañín
- Argujillo
- Arquillinos
- Arrabalde
- Aspariegos
- Asturianos
- Ayoó de Vidriales
- Barcial del Barco
- Belver de los Montes
- Benavente
- Benegiles
- Bermillo de Sayago
- Bretocino
- Bretó
- Brime de Sog
- Brime de Urz
- Burganes de Valverde
- Bustillo del Oro
- Cabañas de Sayago
- Calzadilla de Tera
- Camarzana de Tera
- Carbajales de Alba
- Carbellino
- Casaseca de Campeán
- Casaseca de las Chanas
- Castrillo de la Guareña
- Castrogonzalo
- Castronuevo
- Castroverde de Campos
- Cazurra
- Cañizal
- Cañizo
- Cerecinos de Campos
- Cerecinos del Carrizal
- Cernadilla
- Chanos
- Cobreros
- Coomonte
- Coreses
- Corrales del Vino
- Cotanes del Monte
- Cubillos
- Cubo de Benavente
- Cuelgamures
- El Cubo de Tierra del Vino
- El Maderal
- El Pego
- El Perdigón
- El Piñero
- Entrala
- Espadañedo
- Faramontanos de Tábara
- Fariza
- Fermoselle
- Ferreras de Abajo
- Ferreras de Arriba
- Ferreruela
- Figueruela de Arriba
- Fonfría
- Fresno de Sayago
- Fresno de la Polvorosa
- Fresno de la Ribera
- Friera de Valverde
- Fuente Encalada
- Fuentelapeña
- Fuentes de Ropel
- Fuentesaúco
- Fuentesecas
- Fuentespreadas
- Galende
- Gallegos del Pan
- Gallegos del Río
- Gamones
- Gema
- Granja de Moreruela
- Granucillo
- Guarrate
- Hermisende
- Jambrina
- Justel
- La Bóveda de Toro
- La Hiniesta
- La Torre del Valle
- Losacino
- Losacio
- Lubián
- Luelmo
- Madridanos
- Mahide
- Maire de Castroponce
- Malva
- Manganeses de la Lampreana
- Manganeses de la Polvorosa
- Manzanal de Arriba
- Manzanal de los Infantes
- Manzanal del Barco
- Matilla de Arzón
- Matilla la Seca
- Mayalde
- Melgar de Tera
- Micereces de Tera
- Milles de la Polvorosa
- Molacillos
- Molezuelas de la Carballeda
- Mombuey
- Monfarracinos
- Montamarta
- Moral de Sayago
- Moraleja de Sayago
- Moraleja del Vino
- Morales de Rey
- Morales de Toro
- Morales de Valverde
- Morales del Vino
- Moralina
- Moreruela de Tábara
- Moreruela de los Infanzones
- Muelas de los Caballeros
- Muelas del Pan
- Muga de Sayago
- Navianos de Valverde
- Olmillos de Castro (San Martín de Tábara, Olmillos de Castro, Marquiz de Alba, Navianos de Alba)
- Otero de Bodas
- Pajares de la Lampreana
- Palacios de Sanabria (Palacios de Sanabria, Vime de Sanabria, Otero de Sanabria, Remesal de Sanabria)
- Palacios del Pan
- Pedralba de la Pradería
- Peleagonzalo
- Peleas de Abajo
- Peque
- Pereruela
- Perilla de Castro
- Peñausende
- Piedrahita de Castro
- Pinilla de Toro
- Pino del Oro
- Pobladura de Valderaduey
- Pobladura del Valle
- Porto de Sanabria
- Pozoantiguo
- Pozuelo de Tábara
- Prado
- Puebla de Sanabria
- Pueblica de Valverde
- Pías
- Quintanilla de Urz
- Quintanilla del Monte
- Quintanilla del Olmo
- Quiruelas de Vidriales
- Rabanales
- Requejo
- Revellinos
- Riofrío de Aliste
- Rionegro del Puente
- Roales
- Robleda-Cervantes
- Roelos de Sayago
- Rosinos de la Requejada
- Rábano de Aliste
- Salce
- Samir de los Caños
- San Agustín del Pozo
- San Cebrián de Castro
- San Cristóbal de Entreviñas
- San Esteban del Molar
- San Justo
- San Martín de Valderaduey
- San Miguel de la Ribera
- San Miguel del Valle
- San Pedro de Ceque
- San Pedro de la Nave-Almendra
- San Vicente de la Cabeza
- San Vitero
- Santa Clara de Avedillo
- Santa Colomba de las Monjas
- Santa Cristina de la Polvorosa
- Santa Croya de Tera
- Santa Eufemia del Barco
- Santa María de Valverde
- Santa María de la Vega
- Santibáñez de Tera
- Santibáñez de Vidriales
- Santovenia
- Sanzoles
- Tapioles
- Toro
- Torregamones
- Torres del Carrizal
- Trabazos
- Trefacio
- Tábara
- Uña de Quintana
- Vadillo de la Guareña
- Valcabado
- Valdefinjas
- Valdescorriel
- Vallesa de la Guareña
- Vega de Tera
- Vega de Villalobos
- Vegalatrave
- Venialbo
- Vezdemarbán
- Vidayanes
- Videmala
- Villabrázaro
- Villabuena del Puente
- Villadepera
- Villaescusa
- Villaferrueña
- Villafáfila
- Villageriz
- Villalazán
- Villalba de la Lampreana
- Villalcampo
- Villalobos
- Villalonso
- Villalpando
- Villalube
- Villamayor de Campos
- Villamor de los Escuderos
- Villanueva de Azoague
- Villanueva de Campeán
- Villanueva de las Peras
- Villanueva del Campo
- Villanázar
- Villar de Fallaves
- Villar del Buey
- Villaralbo
- Villardeciervos
- Villardiegua de la Ribera
- Villardondiego
- Villarrín de Campos
- Villaseco del Pan
- Villavendimio
- Villaveza de Valverde
- Villaveza del Agua
- Villárdiga
- Viñas
- Zamora
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