Alojz Rebula
- Writer
- playwright
- essayist
Nocturne for Primorska,
Matins for Slovenia,
Maranathà or the Year 999,
The Snake Flower,
Tomorrow across the Jordan,
In the Wind of Sybil
The Shadow Dance
Jacques Maritain: The Bearer of Sense
1995 for his literary work
Acerbi Prize
1997 Nel vento della Sibilla
Kresnik Award
2005 A Nocturne for Primorska
his death)
Alojz Rebula (June 21, 1924 – October 23, 2018) was a Slovene writer, playwright, essayist, and translator, and a prominent member of the Slovene minority in Italy. He lived and worked in Villa Opicina in the Province of Trieste, Italy.[1] He was a member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts.[2]
Life
Rebula was born in the ethnically Slovene village of San Pelagio (Slovene: Šempolaj) near Duino, in what was then the Kingdom of Italy. Because of the anti-Slavic Italianization policies of the Fascist regime, Rebula could not have an education in his native language. He attended Italian-language schools, where he became acquainted with Italian culture and literature. He went to the gymnasium of Gorizia and later the lyceum in Udine, which he graduated from in 1944. After the end of World War II, he moved to Yugoslavia. He studied classical philology at the University in Ljubljana, from where he graduated in 1949. In 1951, he moved back to Italy because of the pressures of the Communist regime.[1] In 1956, he was banned from entering Yugoslavia because of his political opposition to the Communist system. In 1960 Rebula obtained his PhD from the University of Rome with the thesis Dante's Divine Comedy in Slovene Translations.[3] The same year the authorities prohibited him from entering Yugoslavia for a second time, because he had publicly protested in Trieste newspapers against the suppression of the publication of the novel Listina (The Document) by Edvard Kocbek in Slovenia.[1]
In the 1960s Rebula settled in Trieste, where he worked as a teacher of Latin and Ancient Greek at secondary schools with Slovene as the language of instruction. He also engaged in cultural work with the local Slovene community.
Together with Boris Pahor, he edited the journal Zaliv (The Bay), founded to promote political and cultural pluralism and the values of western democracy. He was also co-editor of the literary journals Sidro (Anchor), Tokovi (Currents) and Most (Bridge).[3]
During this period, Rebula re-embraced Catholicism, after having turned to vitalist agnosticism in his teenage years, due partially to the influence of Friedrich Nietzsche and Slovene modernist authors such as Oton Župančič.
In 1975, Pahor and Rebula published a book interview entitled Edvard Kocbek: Pričevalec našega časa (Edvard Kocbek: Witness of Our Time), in which Rebula condemned the summary killings of 12,000 members of Slovene anti-communist militia in May and June 1945, perpetrated by the Communist authorities. The book created a scandal in Yugoslavia[1] and both Pahor and Rebula were banned from entering Yugoslavia for several years.[4]
After the democratization and independence of Slovenia in 1990 and 1991, Rebula worked as a columnist for several Catholic journals and magazines in Slovenia. He lived and worked in his native village in the Italian part of the Karst region. Rebula died on October 23, 2018, at the age of 94.[2]
Work
Rebula published numerous collections of essays, diaries, novels, plays, short prose, and other works that have been translated into a number of foreign languages. The prominent Slovene author and intellectual Andrej Capuder stated that Rebula's work "is the best we Slovenes can show to the world today." The terms that best define Rebula are antiquity, Christianity and Slovenehood or, as he stated himself: "Ancestral Karst ordered two tyrannical loves: on an ancient raft you shall cleave the Slovene sea!"[1]
His source of inspirations mostly came from the historical, cultural, and natural world of the Slovenian Littoral, although he also wrote a novel on the life of the missionary Frederick Baraga. He reflects on the fate of a small nation and on the more general issues of the human condition. His prose is lyrical and reflexive. He is renowned for his diaries and essays. Alongside the philosopher Milan Komar (whose works were prohibited in Slovenia until the late 1980s), Rebula was one of the first Slovene authors who wrote extensively about the philosophy of Jacques Maritain, whom Rebula sees as one of his most important "spiritual fathers".[5]
He also translated Aeschylus' Seven Against Thebes[6] and Plautus' Miles Gloriosus[7] into Slovene as well as Slovene authors such as Kocbek[8] and Levstik into Italian.
Rebula was awarded several prizes for his writing.[9] In 1969 he received the Prešeren Fund Award, the so-called "small" Prešeren award, for the novel V Sibilnem vetru (In Sybil’s Wind). In 1995 he received the Prešeren Award, the highest Slovenian prize for cultural achievements, for artistic achievement for his life's work. In 1997 he was awarded the Acerbi Prize for his novel In Sybil’s Wind in the Italian translation, and in 2005 the Kresnik Award for A Nocturne for the Littoral, which the jury voted the best Slovene novel of the year.
Rebula died on October 23, 2018, at the age of 94.[2]
List of works
Prose
- Devinski sholar, novel, (The Duino Scholar, 1954)
- Vinograd rimske cesarice , short stories, (Vineyard of the Roman Empress, 1956)
- Klic v Sredozemlje, novel, (A Call to the Mediterranean, 1957)
- Senčni ples novel, (Shadow Dance, (1960)
- V Sibilinem vetru novel, (In Sybil's Wind, 1968)
- Divji golob novel, (Wild Dove, 1972)
- Zeleno izgnanstvo novel, (Green Exile, 1981)
- Jutri čez Jordan novel, (Tomorrow over the River Jordan, 1988)
- Kačja roža novel, (Snake Flower, 1994)
- Maranathà ali Leto 999 novel, (Maranathà or the Year 999, 1996)
- Cesta s cipreso in zvezdo novel, (The Road with the Cypress and the Star, 1998)
- Jutranjice za Slovenijo novel, (Matins for Slovenia, 2000)
- Nokturno za Primorsko novel, (Nocturne for the Littoral, 2004)
Plays
- Savlov demon, six plays with a religious theme, (Saul's Demon, 1985)
- Operacija Timava, two acts, (The Timava Operation, 1993)
References
- ^ a b c d e "Alojz Rebula". Literature in Context. Archived from the original on December 16, 2006. Retrieved April 6, 2008.
- ^ a b c U., V. "FOTO:Umrl je Alojz Rebula". Retrieved October 24, 2018.
- ^ a b Helga Glušič, Sto Slovenskih Pripovednikov (Ljubljana: Prešernova družba, 1996)
- ^ Boris Pahor, Ta ocean strašnó odprt (Ljubljana: Slovenska matica, 1989)
- ^ Alojz Rebula, Jacques Maritain: človek in mislec (Ljubljana: Naše tromostovje, 1981)
- ^ Ajshil: Sedmerica proti Tebam, translated by Alojz Rebula, Založba Litera, ISBN 961-6422-83-9
- ^ Titus Maccius Plautus: Bahavi vojščak, Maribor, Založba Obzorja, 1994.
- ^ Edvard Kocbek: La Compagnia, Jaca Book, Milan, 1975.
- ^ Republic of Slovenia: Government Communication Office. "Kresnik for Best Novel Goes to Rebula". Archived from the original on December 1, 2008. Retrieved April 6, 2008.
Further reading
- Janko Kos et al., Slovenska književnost (Cankarjeva založba: Ljubljana, 1982). COBISS 13444353
- Lojzka Bratuž, Rebulov zbornik: ob pisateljevi osemdesetletnici (Trieste: Mladika; Gorizia: Goriška Mohorjeva družba; Udine: Slavistično društvo, 2005). ISBN 88-7342-074-5 COBISS 2303468
- Helga Glušič, Sto Slovenskih Pripovednikov (Ljubljana: Prešernova družba, 1996) ISBN 961-6186-21-3
- Jasna Fakin; et al. (August 2004). "The Karst: Between Štanjel and Duino/Devin" (PDF). The Municipality of Komen. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 9, 2008. Retrieved April 6, 2008.
External links
- Katoliški intelektualec: pisatelj Alojz Rebula Archived 2011-09-28 at the Wayback Machine. Interviewed by Bernard Nežmah. Mladina. Published on 2004-02-24. Retrieved on 2008-04-05. (in Slovene)
- Gost meseca: Alojz Rebula (interview with Alojz Rebula). Ognjišče, July 2004. Retrieved on 2008-04-05. (in Slovene)
- v
- t
- e
- 1962: Ljubo Humek
- Franci Čop
- Vladimir Makuc
- Mitja Mejak
- Matej Bor
- Duša Počkaj
- Primož Ramovš
- Marko Šuštaršič
- Dubravka Tomšič
- Janez Trenz
- France Šmid
- Ciril Pogačnik
- 1963: Janez Bernik
- Dejan Bravničar
- Vanda Gerlovič
- Sveta Jovanović
- Janez Kališnik
- Branko Kocmut
- Lojze Krakar
- Marjan Pogačnuik
- Ali Raner
- Pavle Zidar
- Rudi Zupan
- 1964: Boris Čampa
- Jože Falout
- Stane Jarm
- Nives Kalin - Vehovar
- Mile Korun
- Stanko Kristl
- Andrej Kurent
- Ivan Minatti
- Nace Simončič
- France Slana
- Gregor Strniša
- Milan Šega
- Team of the Development Department of the Decorative Fabric Factory in Ljubljana
- Karel Zelenko
- 1965: Jože Bevc
- Polde Bibič
- Miloš Bonča
- Bogdan Borčič
- Andrej Jemec
- Rok Klopčič
- Janez Lajovic
- Tone Pavček
- Štefan Planinc
- Smiljan Rozman
- Alojz Srebotnjak
- Pavel Šivic
- Mirko Zdovc
- Ciril Zlobec
- 1966: Tone Bitenc
- Janez Boljka
- Miha Gunzek
- Mija Jarc
- Ignac Koprivec
- Janez Lenassi
- Borut Loparnik
- Bogdan Meško
- Zlata Ognjanović
- Milena Ogorelec
- Božo Kos
- Žarko Petan
- Jože Pogačnik
- Davorin Savnik
- 1967: Sandi Krošl
- Lojze Lebič
- Floris Oblak
- Vasja Predan
- Tatjana Remškar
- Savin Sever
- Slavko Tihec
- Vilko Ukmar
- Aleksander Valič
- Rudi Vaupotič
- 1968: Milka Badjura
- Jože Ciuha
- Hilda Hölzl
- Marjan Kolar
- Gregor Košak
- Mirč Kragelj
- Branko Kraševec
- Jožko Lukeš
- Milan Mihelič
- Dušan Moravec
- Ive Šubic
- Danilo Švara
- Drago Tršar
- Iva Zupančič
- 1969: Ilija Arnautović, Aleksander Peršin in Janez Vovk
- Peter Černe
- Janez Gradišnik
- Miran Herzog
- Lojze Kovačič
- Nikolaj Omersa
- Alojz Rebula
- Mirko Romih in Branko Uršič
- Mako Sajko
- Vladimir Škerlak
- Arnold Tovornik
- Uroš Vagaja
- Fran Žižek
- 1970: Jakob Jež
- Albert Kastelic
- Maks Kavčič
- Tone Kuntner
- Marko Munih
- Anton Petje
- Anton Pibernik in Vladimir Sedej
- Bine Rogelj
- Tone Svetina
- Rudi Šeligo
- Zlatko Šugman
- Jože Tisnikar
- Marjan Vodopivec
- Dane Zajc
- 1971: Lojze Filipič
- Pavel Jeršin
- Lojze Lebič
- Oskar Kogoj, Stane Bernik, Jankom Sušnik in Boris Ferlat
- Mitja Mejak
- Borut Pečenko
- Ela Peroci
- France Peršin
- Ivo Petrič
- France Rotar
- Jože Zupan
- 1972: Zvest Apollonio
- Alenka Bartl-Prevoršek
- Aci Bertoncelj
- Peter Božič
- France Forstnerič
- Kajetan Gantar
- Peter Kerševan
- Franci Križaj
- Peter Levec
- Pavle Merku
- Radko Polič
- Staš Potočnik
- Emil Smasek
- Jože Snoj
- Marlenka Stupica
- 1973: Boris Cavazza
- Primož Kozak
- Metka Krašovec
- Vladimir Lakovič
- Saša Mächtig
- Danilo Merlak
- Dušan Povh
- Rosanda Sajko
- Tomaž Šalamun
- Dane Škerl
- 1974: Marjan Gnamuš
- Angela Janko-Jenčič
- Jože Koželj
- Avgust Lavrenčič
- Trio Lorenz
- Dušan Mlakar
- Dušan Moškon
- Bogdana Stritar
- Veno Taufer
- Žaro Tušar
- Jelica Žuža
- 1975: Delavska godba iz Trbovelj
- Bogomil Fatur
- Mile de Gleria
- Mina Jeraj
- Tomaž Kržišnik
- Florjan Lipuš
- Ciril Oblak in Fedja Klavora
- Stane Raztresen
- Ivan Seljak - Čopič
- Matjaž Vipotnik
- 1976: Jože Babič
- Vojko Duletič
- Jože Javoršek
- Svetlana Makarovič
- Niko Matul
- Janez Mejač
- Mladinski pevski zbor iz Maribora
- Milena Muhič
- Marko Muhič
- Borut Pečar
- Frane Puntar
- Peter Skalar in Judita Skalar
- Tinca Stegovec
- 1977: Hubert Bergant
- Vlado Habjan
- Tone Lapajne
- Janez Marinšek in Koni Steinbaher
- Valentin Polanšek
- Majda Potokar
- Milan Stibilj
- Zvone Šedlbauer
- Anton Tomašič
- Janez Vidic
- Radojka Vrančič
- Joco Žnidaršič
- Zala Dobnik, Hugo Porenta, Milan Štrukelj, Jože Dobrin in Alenka Velkavrh
- Ciril Škerjanec
- Milena Zupančič
- 1978: Anton Grčar
- Meta Hočevar
- Jane Kavčič
- Vladimir Kavčič
- Rudi Kosmač
- Marija Kobi
- Fedja Košir
- Miroslav Košuta
- Janko Messner
- Janez Povše
- Janez Suhadolc
- Janez Šibila
- Dušan Tršar
- Vojko Vidmar
- 1979: Pavla Brunčko
- Ervin Friz
- Zdenka Golob
- Aleš Jan
- Drago Jančar
- Dušan Jovanović
- Boris Juh
- Stojan Kerbler
- Anica Kumer
- Pavel Mihelčič
- Anton Nanut
- Ana Pusar Jerič
- Milan Rijavec
- Evgen Sajovic
- Meta Vrhunc
- Saša Vuga
- Studio 7 v Biroju 71-Domžale (Štefan Kacin, Radislav Popović, Jurij Princes, Bogdan Špindler)
- 1980: Danilo Benedičič
- Evgen Car
- Anton Demšar
- Karpo Godina
- Irena Grafenauer
- Niko Grafenauer
- Stane Jagodič
- Norina Jankovič
- Minu Kjuder
- Rudolf Kotnik
- Tone Partljič
- Bogdan Reichenberg
- Marjan Rožanc
- Dubravka Sambolec
- Mira Sardoč
- Ati Soss
- Marko Dekleva, Matjaž Garzarolli, Vojteh Ravnikar in Egon Vatovec
- Janez Bizjak, Marko Cotič in Dušan Engelsberger
- 1981: Janez Albreht
- Ljerka Belak
- Alenka Gerlovič
- Herman Gvardjančič
- Janez Hočevar - Rifle
- Andrej Inkret
- Miša Jelnikar
- Silvester Komel
- Marko Kravos
- Uroš Lajovic
- Janez Matičič
- Valentin Oman
- Milan Pajk
- Jože Privšek
- Biba Bertok in Marjan Gašperšič
- 1982: Danilo Bezlaj
- Janez Drozg
- Bronislav Fajon
- Branko Gombač
- Branko Gradišnik
- Lidija Kozlovič
- Božo Rogelja
- Barbara Rot in Božo Rot
- Slovenski kvintet trobil (Anton Grčar, Stanko Arnold, Viljem Trampuš, Boris Šinigoj, Boris Gruden)
- Vinko Tušek
- 1983: Ivo Ban
- Janez Bermež
- Vesna Gaberšček Ilgo
- Andrej Kokot
- Mojmir Lasan
- Branko Madžarevič
- Adriana Maraž
- Pihalni kvintet RTV Ljubljana (Jože Pogačnik, Božo Rogelja, Alojz Zupan, Jože Falout, Jože Banič)
- Milan Pogačnik
- Peter Ternovšek
- 1984: Bine Matoh
- Miloš Mlejnik
- Boris A. Novak
- Franc Novinc
- Klavdij Palčič
- Edvard Sršen
- Tone Stojko
- Lane Stranič
- Aleš Valič
- Marija Vidau
- 1985: Stanko Arnold
- Jožica Avbelj
- Olga Gracelj
- Gustav Januš
- Zmago Jeraj
- Taras Kermauner
- Miljenko Licul in Ranko Novak
- Rajko Ranfl
- Rudi Španzel
- Dare Valič
- 1986: Mijo Basailović
- Dragica Čadež
- Karel Jerič
- Milan Jesih
- Silvij Kobal
- Mirko Lipužič
- Tomaž Medvešček
- Marko Munih
- Vlado Novak
- Renato Quaglia
- 1987: Aleš Berger
- Emerik Bernard
- Alojz Ihan
- Lojze Logar
- Berta Meglič
- Ivanka Mežan
- Eduard Miler
- Vladimir Pezdirc
- Milko Šparemblek
- Fauvel 86 (Lojze Lebič, Ksenija Hribar, Jernej Habjanič)
- 1988: Jani Bavčar
- Peter Boštjančič
- Silva Čušin
- Peter Gabrijelčič
- Zdenko Huzjan
- Niko Košir
- Edi Majaron
- Uroš Rojko
- Ivo Svetina
- Lujo Vodopivec
- 1989: Emil Baronik
- Milan Dekleva
- Harald Draušbaher
- Veronika Drolc
- Maja Haderlap
- Franci Slak
- Maks Strmčnik
- Marija Lucija Stupica
- Vito Taufer
- Franko Vecchiet
- 1990: Aleš Debeljak
- Lojze Drašler
- Tomaž Lorenz in Alenka Šček Lorenz
- Filip Robar Dorin
- Franček Rudolf
- Janez Škof
- Mario Uršič
- Snežana Vrhovec
- 1991: Drago Bajt
- Andrej Brvar
- Radovan Jenko
- Vladimir Jurc
- Marko Letonja
- Tomaž Pandur
- Matjaž Počivavšek
- Marko Pogačnik
- Metka Rojc
- Aleš Vodopivec
- 1992: Gustav Gnamuš
- Janez Gregorc
- Igor Samobor
- Marjan Tomšič
- Damir Zlatar Frey
- Novi kolektivizem (Dejan Knez, Miran Mohor, Darko Pokorn in Roman Uranjek)
- 1993: Edi Berk
- Evald Fliser
- Janez Pipan
- Zorko Simčič
- Andraž Šalamun
- Petar Ugrin
- 1994: Komorni zbor Ave
- Iztok Kovač
- Marjetica Potrč
- Svetlana Visintin in Leo Kulaš
- Judita Zidar
- 1995: Mate Dolenc
- Jurij Kobe
- Feri Lainšček
- Srečko Špik
- Trio Lorenz
- Sergej Verč
- 1996: Marko Japelj
- Milena Morača
- Zdravko Papič
- Brane Šturbej
- Uroš Zupan
- Vlado Žabot
- 1997: Bjanka Adžić Ursulov
- Alojz Ajdič
- Maja Novak
- Matjaž Pogrjc
- Jernej Šugman
- Tugo Sušnik
- 1998: Jakov Brdar
- Matjaž Farič
- Uroš Kalčič
- Milada Kalezić
- Eta Sadar Breznik
- Igor Šterk
- 1999: Zvonko Čoh in Milan Erič
- Marko Fink in Nataša Valant
- Komorni godalni orkester Slovenske filharmonije
- Živko Marušič
- Jani Virk
- Andrej Zdravič
- 2000: Mirsad Begić
- Jani Golob
- Miran Kolbl
- Vinko Möderndorfer
- Saša Pavček
- Vito Taufer
- 2001: Gregor Baković
- Ivo Prančič
- Nataša Prosenc
- Peter Semolič
- Karmina Šilec
- Godalni kvartet Tartini
- 2002: Andrej Blatnik
- Bernarda Fink
- Polona Juh
- Matevž Medja
- Tanja Zgonc
- 2003: Jan Cvitković
- Mateja Koležnik
- Andrej Medved
- Alen Ožbolt
- Slowind
- Larisa Vrhunc
- 2004: Mate Bekavac
- Radoš Bolčina
- Iztok Geister
- Alenka Ribič Laufer
- Oto Rimela
- Igor Štuhec
- 2005: Matija Bevk in Vasa J.Perović
- Edward Clug
- Mirjam Kalin
- Milko Lazar
- Nataša Matjašec
- Milan Vincetič
- 2006: Mirko Bratuša
- Bojan Gorišek
- Nataša Barbara Gračner
- Milan Kleč
- Silvan Omerzu
- Maja Vidmar
- 2007: Anton Bogov
- Urška Pompe
- Vesna in Matej Vozlič
- Suzana Tratnik
- Marko Peljhan
- Jože Slak
- 2008: Primož Čučnik
- Sebastijan Horvat
- Ema Kugler
- Boštjan Lipovšek
- Uroš Smolej
- Bor Turel
- 2009: Sabina Cvilak Damjanovič
- Nenad Firšt
- Marko Mandić
- Tobias Putrih
- Goran Vojnović
- Miran Zupanič
- 2010: Miklavž Komelj
- Peter Musevski
- Aldo Kumar
- Barbara Cerar
- Andrej Rozman - Roza
- Maja Delak
- 2011: Janja Majzelj
- Lilijana Praprotnik Zupančič
- Emil Filipčič
- Zlatko Kaučič
- Jure Miklavc
- Branko Robinšak
- 2012: Maruša Zorec
- Franc Kosem
- Stojan Kuret
- Ivica Buljan
- Iztok Mlakar
- Andrej E. Skubic
- 2013: Bernarda Fink
- Marcos Fink
- Marija Javoršek
- Gorazd Kocijančič
- Regina Križaj
- Metod Pevec
- Jože Vidic
- 2014: Vladimir Kos
- Jernej Lorenci
- Jože Možina
- Vesna Pernarčič
- Slovene Percussion Project
- Alenka Sottler
- 2015: Rosana Hribar
- Marko Jakše
- Gregor Luštek
- Jure Pukl
- Marjan Strojan
- Pia Zemljič
- Vito Žuraj
- 2016: Ambrož Čopi
- Janusz Kisca
- Aleksij Kobal
- Cvetka Lipuš
- Mojca Smerdu
- Katarina Stegnar