Apolipoprotein C-II

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

APOC2

Available structures

PDB

Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB

List of PDB id codes
1SOH, 1BY6, 1I5J, 1O8T

Identifiers

Aliases

APOC2, APO-CII, APOC-II, apolipoprotein C2

External IDs

OMIM: 608083; MGI: 88054; HomoloGene: 47928; GeneCards: APOC2; OMA:APOC2 - orthologs

Gene location (Human)

Chr.	Chromosome 19 (human)^[1]

Band	19q13.32	Start	44,946,035 bp^[1]
Band	19q13.32	End	44,949,565 bp^[1]

Gene location (Mouse)

Chr.	Chromosome 7 (mouse)^[2]

Band	7 A3\|7 9.94 cM	Start	19,405,504 bp^[2]
Band	7 A3\|7 9.94 cM	End	19,411,866 bp^[2]

RNA expression pattern

Bgee

Human

Mouse (ortholog)

Top expressed in

right lobe of liver

substantia nigra

C1 segment

duodenum

caudate nucleus

putamen

amygdala

testicle

nucleus accumbens

hypothalamus

Top expressed in

yolk sac

duodenum

liver

jejunum

ileum

spermatocyte

colon

granulocyte

pulmonary alveolus

wall of pulmonary alveolus

More reference expression data

BioGPS

n/a

Gene ontology
Molecular function	lipase inhibitor activity phospholipase binding protein homodimerization activity lipoprotein lipase activator activity phospholipase activator activity enzyme activator activity lipid binding
Cellular component	chylomicron very-low-density lipoprotein particle spherical high-density lipoprotein particle extracellular region early endosome low-density lipoprotein particle high-density lipoprotein particle intermediate-density lipoprotein particle extracellular space
Biological process	high-density lipoprotein particle clearance lipid transport positive regulation of triglyceride catabolic process chylomicron remnant clearance lipid metabolism phospholipid efflux positive regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity positive regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance retinoid metabolic process negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis lipid catabolic process positive regulation of phospholipase activity positive regulation of phospholipid catabolic process cholesterol efflux very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling negative regulation of cholesterol transport cholesterol homeostasis positive regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle remodeling triglyceride homeostasis negative regulation of lipid metabolic process reverse cholesterol transport negative regulation of catalytic activity lipoprotein transport chylomicron remodeling high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling chylomicron assembly positive regulation of catalytic activity
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


344


11813

Ensembl


ENSG00000234906


ENSMUSG00000002992

UniProt


P02655


Q05020

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_000483


NM_001277944 NM_001309795

RefSeq (protein)


NP_000474 NP_000474.2


NP_001296728 NP_001264873 NP_001296724

Location (UCSC)

Chr 19: 44.95 – 44.95 Mb

Chr 7: 19.41 – 19.41 Mb

PubMed search

^[3]

^[4]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

Apo-CII

nmr structure of human apolipoprotein c-ii in the presence of sds

Identifiers

Symbol

Apo-CII

Pfam

PF05355

InterPro

IPR008019

SCOP2

1by6 / SCOPe / SUPFAM

Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures / ECOD
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Apolipoprotein C-II (Apo-CII, or Apoc-II), or apolipoprotein C2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOC2 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is secreted in plasma, where it is a component of very low density lipoproteins and chylomicrons. This protein activates the enzyme lipoprotein lipase in capillaries,^[5] which hydrolyzes triglycerides and thus provides free fatty acids and glycerols for cells. Mutations in this gene cause hyperlipoproteinemia type IB, characterized by xanthomas, pancreatitis, and hepatosplenomegaly, but no increased risk for atherosclerosis. Lab tests will show elevated blood levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and chylomicrons^[6]

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. ^{[§ 1]}

[[File:

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

|alt=Statin pathway edit]]

Statin pathway edit

^ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "Statin_Pathway_WP430".

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000234906 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000002992 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Kim SY, Park SM, Lee ST (2006). "Apolipoprotein C-II is a novel substrate for matrix metalloproteinases". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 339 (1): 47–54. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.10.182. PMID 16314153.
^ "Entrez Gene: APOC2 apolipoprotein C-II".

Jackson RL, Baker HN, Gilliam EB, Gotto AM (1977). "Primary structure of very low density apolipoprotein C-II of human plasma". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74 (5): 1942–5. Bibcode:1977PNAS...74.1942J. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.5.1942. PMC 431048. PMID 194244.
Lycksell PO, Ohman A, Bengtsson-Olivecrona G, et al. (1992). "Sequence specific 1H-NMR assignments and secondary structure of a carboxy-terminal functional fragment of apolipoprotein CII". Eur. J. Biochem. 205 (1): 223–31. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb16772.x. PMID 1555583.
Hegele RA, Connelly PW, Maguire GF, et al. (1992). "An apolipoprotein CII mutation, CIILys19----Thr' identified in patients with hyperlipidemia". Dis. Markers. 9 (2): 73–80. PMID 1782747.
Crecchio C, Capurso A, Pepe G (1990). "Identification of the mutation responsible for a case of plasmatic apolipoprotein CII deficiency (Apo CII-Bari)". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 168 (3): 1118–27. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(90)91145-I. PMID 1971748.
Bengtsson-Olivecrona G, Sletten K (1990). "Primary structure of the bovine analogues to human apolipoproteins CII and CIII. Studies on isoforms and evidence for proteolytic processing". Eur. J. Biochem. 192 (2): 515–21. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19255.x. PMID 2209608.
Wei CF, Tsao YK, Robberson DL, et al. (1986). "The structure of the human apolipoprotein C-II gene. Electron microscopic analysis of RNA:DNA hybrids, complete nucleotide sequence, and identification of 5' homologous sequences among apolipoprotein genes". J. Biol. Chem. 260 (28): 15211–21. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)95724-8. PMID 2415514.
Fojo SS, Lohse P, Parrott C, et al. (1989). "A nonsense mutation in the apolipoprotein C-IIPadova gene in a patient with apolipoprotein C-II deficiency". J. Clin. Invest. 84 (4): 1215–9. doi:10.1172/JCI114287. PMC 329780. PMID 2477392.
Jackson CL, Bruns GA, Breslow JL (1986). "Isolation of cDNA and genomic clones for apolipoprotein C-II". In Segrest JP, Albers JA (eds.). Plasma Lipoproteins Part A: Preparation, Structure, and Molecular Biology. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 128. Elsevier. pp. 788–800. doi:10.1016/0076-6879(86)28106-9. ISBN 9780121820282. PMID 3014272.
Fojo SS, Law SW, Brewer HB (1987). "The human preproapolipoprotein C-II gene. Complete nucleic acid sequence and genomic organization". FEBS Lett. 213 (1): 221–6. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(87)81495-3. PMID 3030808. S2CID 42223577.
Fojo SS, Stalenhoef AF, Marr K, et al. (1989). "A deletion mutation in the ApoC-II gene (ApoC-II Nijmegen) of a patient with a deficiency of apolipoprotein C-II". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (34): 17913–6. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)81302-9. PMID 3192518.
Fojo SS, Beisiegel U, Beil U, et al. (1988). "Donor splice site mutation in the apolipoprotein (Apo) C-II gene (Apo C-IIHamburg) of a patient with Apo C-II deficiency". J. Clin. Invest. 82 (5): 1489–94. doi:10.1172/JCI113756. PMC 442713. PMID 3263393.
Connelly PW, Maguire GF, Hofmann T, Little JA (1987). "Structure of apolipoprotein C-IIToronto, a nonfunctional human apolipoprotein". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (1): 270–3. Bibcode:1987PNAS...84..270C. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.1.270. PMC 304185. PMID 3467353.
Fairwell T, Hospattankar AV, Brewer HB, Khan SA (1987). "Human plasma apolipoprotein C-II: total solid-phase synthesis and chemical and biological characterization". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (14): 4796–800. Bibcode:1987PNAS...84.4796F. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.14.4796. PMC 305192. PMID 3474626.
Fojo SS, Taam L, Fairwell T, et al. (1986). "Human preproapolipoprotein C-II. Analysis of major plasma isoforms". J. Biol. Chem. 261 (21): 9591–4. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)67554-4. PMID 3525527.
Das HK, Jackson CL, Miller DA, et al. (1987). "The human apolipoprotein C-II gene sequence contains a novel chromosome 19-specific minisatellite in its third intron". J. Biol. Chem. 262 (10): 4787–93. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)61264-5. PMID 3558370.
Connelly PW, Maguire GF, Little JA (1988). "Apolipoprotein CIISt. Michael. Familial apolipoprotein CII deficiency associated with premature vascular disease". J. Clin. Invest. 80 (6): 1597–606. doi:10.1172/JCI113246. PMC 442428. PMID 3680515.
Baggio G, Manzato E, Gabelli C, et al. (1986). "Apolipoprotein C-II deficiency syndrome. Clinical features, lipoprotein characterization, lipase activity, and correction of hypertriglyceridemia after apolipoprotein C-II administration in two affected patients". J. Clin. Invest. 77 (2): 520–7. doi:10.1172/JCI112332. PMC 423374. PMID 3944267.
Menzel HJ, Kane JP, Malloy MJ, Havel RJ (1986). "A variant primary structure of apolipoprotein C-II in individuals of African descent". J. Clin. Invest. 77 (2): 595–601. doi:10.1172/JCI112342. PMC 423392. PMID 3944271.
Sharpe CR, Sidoli A, Shelley CS, et al. (1984). "Human apolipoproteins AI, AII, CII and CIII. cDNA sequences and mRNA abundance". Nucleic Acids Res. 12 (9): 3917–32. doi:10.1093/nar/12.9.3917. PMC 318799. PMID 6328445.
Jackson CL, Bruns GA, Breslow JL (1984). "Isolation and sequence of a human apolipoprotein CII cDNA clone and its use to isolate and map to human chromosome 19 the gene for apolipoprotein CII". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81 (10): 2945–9. Bibcode:1984PNAS...81.2945J. doi:10.1073/pnas.81.10.2945. PMC 345197. PMID 6328478.