Bismuth trifluoride

Bismuth trifluoride
Names

IUPAC name Bismuth(III) fluoride
Other names Bismuth trifluoride
Identifiers
CAS Number	7787-61-3^Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	21172751
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.204
EC Number	232-124-8
PubChem CID	82233
UNII	6I46O71A7B^Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID8064852
InChI InChI=1/Bi.3FH.3H/h;31H;;;/q+3;;;;;;/p-3/rBiH3.3FH/h1H3;31H/q+3;;;/p-3 Key: GRQDKISMHISLGB-IZWAAGQTAY
SMILES [F-].[F-].[F-].[BiH3+3]
Properties
Chemical formula	BiF₃
Molar mass	265.97550 g/mol
Appearance	grey-white powder
Density	5.32 g cm⁻³^[1]
Melting point	649˚C^[2]
Solubility in water	Insoluble in water^[1]
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-61.0·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol
Structure
Crystal structure	Orthorhombic, oP16, SpaceGroup = Pnma, No. 62 (β phase)
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Irritant
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H314
Precautionary statements	P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 0 0
Related compounds
Other anions	Bismuth chloride
Other cations	Nitrogen trifluoride Phosphorus trifluoride Arsenic trifluoride Antimony trifluoride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Chemical compound

Bismuth(III) fluoride or bismuth trifluoride is a chemical compound of bismuth and fluorine. The chemical formula is BiF₃. It is a grey-white powder melting at 649 °C.

It occurs in nature as the rare mineral gananite.

Synthesis

Bismuth fluoride can be prepared by reacting bismuth(III) oxide with hydrofluoric acid:^[2]

Bi₂O₃ + 6 HF → 2 BiF₃ + 3 H₂O

Structure

α-BiF₃ has a cubic crystalline structure (Pearson symbol cF16, space group Fm-3m, No. 225). BiF₃ is the prototype for the D0₃ structure, which is adopted by several intermetallics, including Mg₃Pr, Cu₃Sb, Fe₃Si, and AlFe₃,^[3] as well as by the hydride LaH_3.0.^[4] The unit cell is face-centered cubic with Bi at the face centers and vertices, and F at the octahedral site (mid-edges, center), and tetrahedral sites (centers of the 8 sub cubes) - thus the primitive cell contains 4 Bi and 12 F.^[5] Alternatively, with the unit cell shifted (1/4,1/4,1/4) the description can be of a fcc cell with face, edge, corner, and centers filled with F, and half (4 of) the octant centers with F, the other half with Bi (each octant type tetrahedrally arranged).^[4] The edge length of the BiF₃ cell is 0.5853 nm.^[4]

β-BiF₃ has the YF₃ structure where the bismuth atom has distorted 9 coordination, tricapped trigonal prism.^[6] This structure is generally considered to be ionic, and contrasts with fluorides of the lighter members of group 15, phosphorus trifluoride, PF₃, arsenic trifluoride, AsF₃ and antimony trifluoride, SbF₃, where MX₃ molecular units are present in the solid.^[6]

Reactions

BiF₃ is unaffected by water and is almost insoluble. It does not form complexes readily but the following, BiF₃.3HF and BiF₄⁻ in NH₄BiF₄, are known. The addition compound H₃BiF₆ is hydrolysed by water forming BiOF.^[7]

Uses

BiF₃ has received research attention as a possible electrode material for lithium batteries and as a luminescence host material for lanthanum-doped phosphors.^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b http://www.alfa.com/content/msds/english/11844.pdf ^{[dead link]}
^ ^a ^b Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
^ De Graef, Marc; McHenry, Michael (eds.), "Appendix 1. Crystal Structure Descriptions", The Structure of Materials, Cambridge University Press, A1-2, A1-11
^ ^a ^b ^c Galasso, Francis S. (1970), Structure and Properties of Inorganic Solids: International Series of Monographs in Solid State Physics, Pergammon Press, 3.5. BiF₃, DO₃, Fm3m, Cubic. pp. 50–51
^ Sólyom, Jenö (2007), Fundamentals of the Physics of Solids: Volume 1: Structure and Dynamics, p. 220, ISBN 978-3-540-72599-2
^ ^a ^b Wells A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th edition Oxford Science Publications ISBN 0-19-855370-6
^ Norman, Nicholas C (1998). Chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. Springer. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-7514-0389-3.
^ Xie, Zhi; Wei, Bin; Wang, Zhongchang (2018-06-01). "Structural stability, electronic structures and enhanced photocatalytic properties of BiF3 nanowires: A first-principles study". Ceramics International. 44 (8): 9623–9632. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.02.189. ISSN 0272-8842. S2CID 139879224.