Boulevard
Wide road with buildings on sides
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Park_Avenue_01.jpg/200px-Park_Avenue_01.jpg)
Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, United States
The Straße des 17. Juni in Berlin, Germany
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Mannerheimintie_Helsinki_in_the_night.jpg/200px-Mannerheimintie_Helsinki_in_the_night.jpg)
Mannerheimintie in Helsinki, Finland
Viali di Circonvallazione in Florence, Italy
A boulevard is a type of broad avenue planted with rows of trees, or in parts of North America, any urban highway or wide road in a commercial district.
Boulevards were originally circumferential roads following the line of former city walls.
In North American usage, boulevards may be wide, multi-lane thoroughfares divided with only a central median.
Etymology
The word boulevard is borrowed from French. In France, it originally meant the flat surface of a rampart, and later a promenade taking the place of a demolished fortification. It is a borrowing from the Dutch word bolwerk 'bulwark'.[1]
Notable examples
Asia
Azerbaijan
Cambodia
India
Indonesia
- Jalan Jenderal Sudirman
- Jalan M.H. Thamrin
- Jalan Jenderal Gatot Subroto
- Jalan H.R. Rasuna Said
- Jalan Gajah Mada/Jalan Hayam Wuruk
- Jalan Prof. Dr. Satrio
Vietnam
- Thang Long Boulevard
Iran
Boulevards of Asia
-
- Keshavarz Boulevard of Tehran in mid 1970s
-
-
Australia and Oceania
Australia
- St Kilda Road, Melbourne
- Royal Parade, Melbourne
- Victoria Parade, Melbourne
- Flemington Road, Melbourne
- Mount Alexander Road, Melbourne
- The Boulevard, Perth
New Zealand
- The Four Avenues, Christchurch
- Anzac Avenue, Dunedin
- Marine Parade, Napier
Boulevards of Oceania
-
-
- Marine Parade, Napier
- Bealey Avenue, one of Christchurch's Four Avenues
Europe
Austria
Denmark
Boulevards in Copenhagen:
- Nørre Voldgade
- H. C. Andersens Boulevard
- Vesterbrogade
- Sønder Boulevard
- Dalgas Boulevard
- Strandboulevarden
- Frederiksberg Allé
France
Germany
- Unter den Linden, Berlin
- Kurfürstendamm, Berlin
- Karl-Marx-Allee, Berlin
- Boulevard der Stars [de], Berlin
- Königsallee, Düsseldorf
- Brienner Straße, Munich
- Leopoldstraße, Munich
- Maximilianstraße, Munich
- Prinzregentenstraße, Munich
Hungary
- Little Boulevard, Budapest
- Grand Boulevard, Budapest
- Hungária Boulevard, Budapest[3]
Ireland
- O'Connell Street, Dublin
Italy
- Viali di Circonvallazione, Florence
- Foro Buonaparte [it], Milan
- Via Merulana, Rome
Spain
- Gran Via de les Corts Catalans [es]
- Avinguda de la Granvia [es]
- Avinguda Diagonal, Barcelona
Portugal
- Avenida da Liberdade, Lisbon
Russia
- Boulevard Ring, Moscow
- Garden Ring, Moscow
Boulevards of Europe
- Boulevard Haussmann in Paris
- Combino Supra at the Grand Boulevard in Budapest
- Foro Buonaparte [it] in Milan
- Avinguda Diagonal in Barcelona
- Clean Ponds in the wide median green of Chistoprudny Boulevard in Moscow
North America
United States
- Ocean Parkway, Brooklyn
- Broadway, Manhattan
- West Side Highway, Manhattan
- FDR Drive, Manhattan (future project)
- Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles
- Santa Monica Boulevard, Los Angeles
- Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles
- Hollywood Boulevard, Los Angeles
- Chicago Boulevard System
- Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia
- Roosevelt Boulevard, Philadelphia
- Southern Boulevard Park, Philadelphia
- Boulevard, Atlanta
- Park Avenue, New York City
- Las Vegas Boulevard, Las Vegas
- Ohio River Boulevard, Pittsburgh
Boulevards of North America
-
-
- Roosevelt Boulevard in Philadelphia
South America
Argentina
Uruguay
References
- ^ Wiktionnaire, [1]
- ^ "Buses to Bring Change". Cebu Daily News. 20 June 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
- ^ "Húsvét után jön a nagykörúti káosz". Index.hu. 17 April 2006. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
- ^ "Некоммерческий проект бульвары Москвы". Bulwar.ru. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
Books
- Jacobs, Allan B.; Elizabeth Macdonald; Yodan Rofé (2003). The Boulevard Book. The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-60023-1.
- Fiaccadori, Gianfranco; Malinverni, Alessandro; Mambriani, Carlo (2012). Guglielmo du Tillot: regista delle arti nell'età dei Lumi (in Italian). Parma: Fondazione Cariparma. ISBN 978-88-7898-064-8. OCLC 889616353.
- Pastega, Agostino Brotto (2010). Antonio Gaidon 1738-1829. Un professionista ante litteram dal rilievo mappale al boulevard. Bassano: Associazione Interprofessionale Bassanese.
External links
The dictionary definition of boulevard at Wiktionary
- Boulevards in Vietnam
- v
- t
- e
Limited-access | |
---|---|
By country | |
Main roads | |
Local roads |
|
Other terms |
Interchanges (grade-separated) |
|
---|---|
Intersections (at-grade) |
factors
Road and environment |
|
---|---|
Human factors | |
Vehicles |
time allocation
- Barrier transfer machine
- Bicycle lane
- Climbing lane
- Complete streets
- Contraflow lane
- Contraflow lane reversal
- High-occupancy toll lane
- High-occupancy vehicle lane
- Lane
- Living street
- Managed lane
- Median / Central reservation
- Motorcycle lane
- Passing lane
- Pedestrian crossing
- Pedestrian zone
- Refuge island
- Reversible lane
- Road diet
- Road verge
- Runaway truck ramp
- Shared space
- Sidewalk / Pavement
- Shoulder
- Street running railway
- Traffic calming
- Traffic directionality
- Traffic island
- Traffic lanes
- Traffic signal preemption
- Truck bypass
- Unused highway
- Wide outside lane
- Woonerf
indicators