Burst noise
Burst noise is a type of electronic noise that occurs in semiconductors and ultra-thin gate oxide films.[1] It is also called random telegraph noise (RTN), popcorn noise, impulse noise, bi-stable noise, or random telegraph signal (RTS) noise.
It consists of sudden step-like transitions between two or more discrete voltage or current levels, as high as several hundred microvolts, at random and unpredictable times. Each shift in offset voltage or current often lasts from several milliseconds to seconds, and sounds like popcorn popping if hooked up to an audio speaker.[2]
Burst noise was first observed in early point contact diodes, then re-discovered during the commercialization of one of the first semiconductor op-amps; the 709.[3] No single source of burst noise is theorized to explain all occurrences, however the most commonly invoked cause is the random trapping and release of charge carriers at thin film interfaces or at defect sites in bulk semiconductor crystal. In cases where these charges have a significant impact on transistor performance (such as under a MOS gate or in a bipolar base region), the output signal can be substantial. These defects can be caused by manufacturing processes, such as heavy ion implantation, or by unintentional side-effects such as surface contamination.[4][5]
Individual op-amps can be screened for burst noise with peak detector circuits, to minimize the amount of noise in a specific application.[6]
Burst noise is modeled mathematically by means of the telegraph process, a Markovian continuous-time stochastic process that jumps discontinuously between two distinct values.
See also
- Atomic electron transition
- Telegraph process
References
- ^ Ranjan, A.; Raghavan, N.; Shubhakar, K.; Thamankar, R.; Molina, J.; O'Shea, S. J.; Bosman, M.; Pey, K. L. (2016-04-01). "CAFM based spectroscopy of stress-induced defects in HfO2 with experimental evidence of the clustering model and metastable vacancy defect state". 2016 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS). pp. 7A–4–1–7A–4–7. doi:10.1109/IRPS.2016.7574576. ISBN 978-1-4673-9137-5. S2CID 45278733.
- ^ Rajendran, Bipin. "Random Telegraph Signal (Review of Noise in Semiconductor Devices and Modeling of Noise in Surrounding Gate MOSFET)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 14, 2006.
- ^ "Operational Amplifier Noise Prediction" (PDF). Intersil Application Note. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-04-14. Retrieved 2006-10-12.
- ^ "Noise Analysis In Operational Amplifier Circuits" (PDF). Texas Instruments application report.
- ^ Lundberg, Kent H. "Noise Sources in Bulk CMOS" (PDF).
- ^ "Op-Amp Noise can be Deafening Too" (PDF).
Today, although burst noise can still occasionally occur during manufacturing, the phenomenon is sufficiently well understood that affected devices are detected and scrapped during test.
External links
- A review of popcorn noise and smart filtering, www.advsolned.com
- v
- t
- e
- Acoustic quieting
- Distortion
- Noise cancellation
- Noise control
- Noise measurement
- Noise power
- Noise reduction
- Noise temperature
- Phase distortion
- Audio
- Buildings
- Electronics
- Environment
- Government regulation
- Human health
- Images
- Radio
- Rooms
- Ships
- Sound masking
- Transportation
- Video
- Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN)
- Atmospheric noise
- Background noise
- Brownian noise
- Burst noise
- Cosmic noise
- Flicker noise
- Gaussian noise
- Grey noise
- Infrasound
- Jitter
- Johnson–Nyquist noise (thermal noise)
- Pink noise
- Quantization error (or q. noise)
- Shot noise
- White noise
- Coherent noise
terms
- Channel noise level
- Circuit noise level
- Effective input noise temperature
- Equivalent noise resistance
- Equivalent pulse code modulation noise
- Impulse noise (audio)
- Noise figure
- Noise floor
- Noise shaping
- Noise spectral density
- Noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH)
- Phase noise
- Pseudorandom noise
- Statistical noise
- Carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N)
- Carrier-to-receiver noise density (C/kT)
- dBrnC
- Eb/N0 (energy per bit to noise density)
- Es/N0 (energy per symbol to noise density)
- Modulation error ratio (MER)
- Signal, noise and distortion (SINAD)
- Signal-to-interference ratio (S/I)
- Signal-to-noise ratio (S/N, SNR)
- Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)
- Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR)
- Signal-to-quantization-noise ratio (SQNR)
- Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR)
- List of noise topics
- Acoustics
- Colors of noise
- Interference (communication)
- Noise generator
- Spectrum analyzer
- Thermal radiation
methods
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