Car |
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Pū |
Pronunciation | [puː] |
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Native to | India |
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Region | Nicobar Islands |
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Native speakers | 37,000 (2005)[1] |
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Language family | |
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Writing system | Latin script |
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Language codes |
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ISO 639-3 | caq |
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Glottolog | carn1240 |
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ELP | Car Nicobarese |
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Car (Pū) is the most widely spoken Nicobarese language of the Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal. Although a member of the Austroasiatic language family, it is typologically much more akin to nearby Austronesian languages such as Nias and Acehnese, with which it forms a linguistic area.[2] Car is a VOS language and somewhat agglutinative.[3] There is a quite complicated verbal suffix system with some infixes, as well as distinct genitive and "interrogative" cases for nouns and pronouns.[4] Phonology Consonants - The alveolar flap can typically be pre-stopped. Before a voiceless consonant, its pre-articulation is voiceless as [ᵗɾ], and elsewhere it is voiced [ᵈɾ].
Vowels - /æ/ only occurs in English loanwords.
- Vowel sounds are also typically short when occurring before an /h/.[5]
Vocabulary Paul Sidwell (2017)[6] published in ICAAL 2017 conference on Nicobarese languages. Word | Car | proto-Nicobarese | hot | taɲ | *taɲ | four | fɛːn | *foan | child | kuːn | *kuːn | lip | (minuh) | *manuːɲ | dog | ʔam | *ʔam | night | hatəːm | *hatəːm | male | koːɲ | *koːɲ | ear | naŋ | *naŋ | one | heŋ | *hiaŋ | belly | (ʔac) | *ʔac | sun | (tavuːj) | - | sweet | (pacaːka) | - | overflow | tareːci | *roac | nose | mɛh | *moah | breast | tɛh | *toah | to cough | ʔɛhɛ | *ʔoah | arm | kɛl | *koal | in, inside | ʔɛl | *ʔoal | elbow | sikɔŋ | *keaŋ | Morphology Shared morphological alternations: the old AA causative has two allomorphs, prefix ha- with monosyllabic stems, infix -um- in disyllabic stems (note: *p > h onset in unstressed σ). - ɲa - 'to eat' / haɲaː 'to feed'
- pɯɲ - 'to cry' / hapɯɲ-ɲɔː 'to make cry'
- kucik - 'be palatable' / kumcik 'to taste'
- kale - 'brave' / kumle 'bravery'
References - ^ Car at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Cysouw, Michael; Quantitative explorations of the world-wide distribution of rare characteristics, or: the exceptionality of north-western European languages Archived 2009-05-14 at the Wayback Machine; pp. 11-12
- ^ WALS: Nicobarese
- ^ Whitehead, Rev. G.; Dictionary of the Car (Nicobarese) language; published 1925 by American Baptist Mission Press; pp. xxvi-xxxii
- ^ Sidwell, Paul (2015). Car Nicobarese. The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages: Leiden: Brill. pp. 1231–1240.
- ^ Sidwell, Paul. 2017. "Proto-Nicobarese Phonology, Morphology, Syntax: work in progress". International Conference on Austroasiatic Linguistics 7, Kiel, Sept 29-Oct 1, 2017.
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West Katuic | |
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Ta'oihic | |
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Pacoh | |
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Katu | |
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Viet-Muong | |
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Cuoi | |
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Chứt | |
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Kri | |
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Phong–Liha | |
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Pear | |
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Western Pearic (Chong) | Central | |
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Western | |
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Northern | |
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Southern | |
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North | |
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South | Kharia | |
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Juang | |
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Sora-Gorum | |
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Gutob-Remo | |
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Gta’ | |
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- Italics indicate extinct languages
- Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left.
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