Cardinal quelea
Cardinal quelea | |
---|---|
Conservation status | |
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Ploceidae |
Genus: | Quelea |
Species: | Q. cardinalis |
Binomial name | |
Quelea cardinalis (Hartlaub, 1880) |
The cardinal quelea (Quelea cardinalis) is a species of bird in the family Ploceidae. It is found in Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia.
Description
The cardinal quelea is a small (about 10 centimetres or 3.9 inches long) sparrow-like bird with a short heavy black bill, that breeds in colonies. The male in breeding plumage has a red head extending onto the breast but not onto the streaked nape. The female has a yellowish face, brow stripes and throat. The non-breeding plumage of the male resembles that of the female, but retains some red on its head.[2][3]
Taxonomy
Gustav Hartlaub was the first to describe the cardinal quelea, giving it the scientific name Hyphantica cardinalis in 1880, based on specimens that were collected by Emin Pasha near Lado in South-Sudan during 1879.[4][5] In 1951, Hans von Boetticher regarded the cardinal quelea and red-headed quelea sufficiently different from the red-billed quelea to create a new genus Queleopsis.[6] Its name in Swahili is kwelea kidari-chekundu.[7]
Phylogeny
Based on recent DNA-analysis, the red-headed quelea forms a clade with the cardinal quelea, and this clade is sister to the red-billed quelea Q. quelea. The genus Quelea belongs to the group of true weavers (subfamily Ploceinae), and is most related to Foudia, a genus of six or seven species that occur on the islands of the western Indian Ocean. This clade is sister to the Asian species of the genus Ploceus. The following tree represents current insights in the relationships between the species of Quelea, and their closest relatives.[8]
References
- ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Quelea cardinalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22719120A132125511. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22719120A132125511.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- ^ "Kardinaalwever Quelea cardinalis". Werkgroep voor Ploceidae (in Dutch). Retrieved 2017-05-17.
- ^ Ian Sinclair; P.A.R. Hockey, eds. (2005). The Larger Illustrated Guide to Birds of Southern Africa. Struik. ISBN 978-1-77007-243-5. Retrieved 2017-05-17.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Cardinal Quelea". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Retrieved 2017-05-05.
- ^ "Cardinal Quelea". Weaver Watch. Retrieved 2017-05-05.
- ^ "Scientific name: Queleopsis". The Taxonomicon. Retrieved 2017-05-05.
- ^ "Kardinaalwever Quelea cardinalis". Avibase. Retrieved 2017-05-05.
- ^ De Silva, Thilina N.; Peterson, A. Townsend; Bates, John M.; Fernandoa, Sumudu W.; Girard, Matthew G. (2017). "Phylogenetic relationships of weaverbirds (Aves: Ploceidae): A first robust phylogeny based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 109: 21–32. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.013. PMID 28012957.
External links
- Image at ADW
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- Red-billed buffalo weaver (B. niger)
- White-headed buffalo weaver (D. dinemelli)
- Speckle-fronted weaver (S. frontalis)
- Scaly-feathered weaver (S. squamifrons)
- White-browed sparrow-weaver (P. mahali)
- Chestnut-crowned sparrow-weaver (P. superciliosus)
- Chestnut-backed sparrow-weaver (P. rufoscapulatus)
- Donaldson Smith's sparrow-weaver (P. donaldsoni)
- Rufous-tailed weaver (H. ruficauda)
- Grey-capped social weaver (P. arnaudi)
- Black-capped social weaver (P. cabanisi)
- Sociable weaver (P. socius)
- Compact weaver (P. superciliosus)
- Black-chinned weaver (P. nigrimentus)
- Baglafecht weaver (P. baglafecht)
- Bertram's weaver (P. bertrandi)
- Slender-billed weaver (P. pelzelni)
- Loango weaver (P. subpersonatus)
- Little weaver (P. luteolus)
- Lesser masked weaver (P. intermedius)
- Spectacled weaver (P. ocularis)
- Bannerman's weaver (P. bannermani)
- Bates's weaver (P. batesi)
- Black-necked weaver (P. nigricollis)
- Black-billed weaver (P. melanogaster)
- Strange weaver (P. alienus)
- Bocage's weaver (P. temporalis)
- Cape weaver (P. capensis)
- Eastern golden weaver (P. subaureus)
- Holub's golden weaver (P. xanthops)
- Príncipe weaver (Ploceus princeps)
- Orange weaver (P. aurantius)
- Golden palm weaver (P. bojeri)
- Taveta weaver (P. castaneiceps)
- Ruvu weaver (P. holoxanthus)
- Southern brown-throated weaver (P. xanthopterus)
- Northern brown-throated weaver (P. castanops)
- Kilombero weaver (P. burnieri)
- Rüppell's weaver or Rueppell's weaver (P. galbula)
- Heuglin's masked weaver (P. heuglini)
- Northern masked weaver (P. taeniopterus)
- Vitelline masked weaver (P. vitellinus)
- Southern masked weaver (P. velatus)
- Katanga masked weaver (P. katangae)
- Lufira masked weaver (P. ruweti)
- Tanzanian masked weaver (P. reichardi)
- Village weaver (P. cucullatus)
- Giant weaver (P. grandis)
- Speke's weaver (P. spekei)
- Fox's weaver (P. spekeoides)
- Vieillot's black weaver (P. nigerrimus)
- Weyns's weaver (P. weynsi)
- Clarke's weaver (P. golandi)
- Black-headed weaver (P. melanocephalus)
- Juba weaver (P. dichrocephalus)
- Golden-backed weaver (P. jacksoni)
- Cinnamon weaver (P. badius)
- Chestnut weaver (P. rubiginosus)
- Golden-naped weaver (P. aureonucha)
- Yellow-mantled weaver (P. tricolor)
- Maxwell's black weaver (P. albinucha)
- Nelicourvi weaver (P. nelicourvi)
- Sakalava weaver (P. sakalava)
- Streaked weaver (P. manyar)
- Baya weaver (P. philippinus)
- Asian golden weaver (P. hypoxanthus)
- Finn's weaver (P. megarhynchus)
- Black-breasted weaver (P. benghalensis)
- Dark-backed weaver (P. bicolor)
- Preuss's weaver (P. preussi)
- Yellow-capped weaver (P. dorsomaculatus)
- Usambara weaver (P. nicolli)
- Olive-headed weaver (P. olivaceiceps)
- Brown-capped weaver (P. insignis)
- Bar-winged weaver (P. angolensis)
- São Tomé weaver (P. sanctithomae)
- Yellow-legged weaver (P. flavipes)
- Compact weaver (P. superciliosus)
- Red-crowned malimbe (M. coronatus)
- Cassin's malimbe (M. cassini)
- Gola malimbe (M. ballmanni)
- Rachel's malimbe (M. racheliae)
- Red-vented malimbe (M. scutatus)
- Ibadan malimbe (M. ibadanensis)
- Red-bellied malimbe (M. erythrogaster)
- Blue-billed malimbe (M. nitens)
- Crested malimbe (M. malimbicus)
- Red-headed malimbe (M. rubricollis)
- Red-headed weaver (A. rubriceps)
- Bob-tailed weaver (B. anomala)
- Cardinal quelea (Q. cardinalis)
- Red-headed quelea (Q. erythrops)
- Red-billed quelea (Q. quelea)
- Red fody (F. madagascariensis)
- Comoros fody (F. eminentissima)
- Aldabra fody, (F. aldabrana)
- Forest fody (F. omissa)
- Mauritius fody (F. rubra)
- Seychelles fody (F. sechellarum)
- Rodrigues fody (F. flavicans)
- Yellow-crowned bishop (E. afer)
- Fire-fronted bishop (E. diadematus)
- Black bishop (E. gierowii)
- Black-winged red bishop (E. hordeaceus)
- Northern red bishop or orange bishop (E. franciscanus)
- Southern red bishop or red bishop (E. orix)
- Zanzibar red bishop (E. nigroventris)
- Golden-backed bishop (E. aureus)
- Yellow bishop (E. capensis)
- Fan-tailed widowbird (E. axillaris)
- Yellow-mantled widowbird (E. macroura)
- White-winged widowbird (E. albonotatus)
- Red-collared widowbird (E. ardens)
- Marsh widowbird (E. hartlaubi)
- Montane widowbird (E. psammacromius)
- Long-tailed widowbird (E. progne)
- Jackson's widowbird (E. jacksoni)
- Thick-billed weaver (A. albifrons)