Closteroviridae is a family of viruses.[1] Plants serve as natural hosts. There are four genera and 59 species in this family, seven of which are unassigned to a genus.[2][3] Diseases associated with this family include: yellowing and necrosis, particularly affecting the phloem.[3][4]
Taxonomy
Genome type and transmission vector are two of the most important traits used for classification. Ampeloviruses and Closteroviruses have monopartite genomes and are transmitted by pseudococcid mealybugs (and soft scale insects) and aphids respectively. While Criniviruses are bipartite and transmitted by whiteflies.[3]
Viruses in the family Closteroviridae are non-enveloped, with flexuous and filamentous geometries. The diameter is around 10–13 nm, with a length of 950–2200 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, bipartite, around 20kb in length.[3][4]
Genus
Structure
Symmetry
Capsid
Genomic arrangement
Genomic segmentation
Crinivirus
Filamentous
Non-enveloped
Linear
Bipartite
Velarivirus
Filamentous
Non-enveloped
Linear
Monopartite
Closterovirus
Filamentous
Non-enveloped
Linear
Monopartite
Ampelovirus
Filamentous
Non-enveloped
Linear
Monopartite
Life cycle
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded rna virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are mechanical.[3][4]
Genus
Host details
Tissue tropism
Entry details
Release details
Replication site
Assembly site
Transmission
Crinivirus
Plants
None
Viral movement; mechanical inoculation
Viral movement
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Mechanical inoculation: insects
Velarivirus
Plants
None
Viral movement; mechanical inoculation
Viral movement
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Mechanical inoculation: insects
Closterovirus
Plants
None
Viral movement; mechanical inoculation
Viral movement
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Mechanical inoculation: insects
Ampelovirus
Plants
None
Viral movement; mechanical inoculation
Viral movement
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Mechanical inoculation: insects
References
^Fuchs, M; Bar-Joseph, M; Candresse, T; Maree, HJ; Martelli, GP; Melzer, MJ; Menzel, W; Minafra, A; Sabanadzovic, S; ICTV Report Consortium (April 2020). "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Closteroviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 101 (4): 364–365. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001397. PMC 7414439. PMID 32134375.
^ abc"Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
^ abcde"ICTV Report Closteroviridae".
^ abc"Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.