Clusiidae

Family of flies

Clusiidae
Female Clusia tigrina
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Suborder: Brachycera
Infraorder: Muscomorpha
(unranked): Eremoneura
(unranked): Cyclorrhapha
Section: Schizophora
Subsection: Acalyptratae
Superfamily: Opomyzoidea
Family: Clusiidae
Subfamilies
  • Clusiinae Frey, 1960
  • Clusiodinae Frey, 1960
  • Sobarocephalinae Lonsdale & Marshall, 2006[1]
Synonyms

Heteroneuridae[1]

Clusia tigrina engaged in lekking behaviour

Clusiidae or "druid flies" is a family of small (~ 3.5 mm), thin, yellow to black acalyptrate flies with a characteristic antenna (The second segment of the antennae has a triangular projection over the third segment when viewed from the outside) and with the wing usually partially infuscated. They have a cylindrical body. The head is round, the vertical plate reaches the anterior margin of the frons and the vibrissae on the head are large. The costa is interrupted near subcosta and the latter developed throughout length. Larvae are found in the bark of trees, the flies on trunks. The larvae are notable for their ability to jump. Males of many species in the subfamily Clusiodinae have been observed while engaged in lekking behaviour. There are hundreds of species in 14 genera found in all the Ecoregions, although most species occur in tropical regions. The type genus is Clusia Haliday, 1838.

Genera

  • Subfamily Clusiinae Frey, 1960
  • Clusia Haliday, 1838.[2][3][4]
  • Melanoclusia Lonsdale & Marshall, 2008[2][3]
  • Phylloclusia Hendel, 1913[2][5]
  • Tetrameringia McAlpine, 1960[2][6]
  • Subfamily Clusiodinae Frey, 1960
  • Subfamily Sobarocephalinae Lonsdale & Marshall, 2006[1]

Identification

  • Lonsdale, O., Cheung, D.K.B. & Marshall, S.A. 2011. Key to the World genera and North American species of Clusiidae (Diptera: Schizophora). Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification No. 14, 3 May 2011, available online at http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/bsc/ejournal/lcm_14/lcm_14.html, doi: 10.3752/cjai.2011.14
  • Przemysław Trojan, 1962 Odiniidae, Clusiidae, Anthomyzidae, Opomyzidae, Tethinidae in (series) Klucze do oznaczania owadów Polski, 28,54/58; Muchowki = Diptera, 54/58 Publisher Warszawa : Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe (in Polish)

References

  1. ^ a b c Lonsdale, Owen; Marshall, Stephen A. (2006). "Redefinition of the Clusiinae and Clusiodinae, description of the new subfamily Sobarocephalinae, revision of the genus Chaetoclusia and a description of Procerosoma gen. n. (Diptera: Clusiidae)" (PDF Adobe Acrobat). European Journal of Entomology. 103 (1). Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Entomological Society: 163–182. doi:10.14411/eje.2006.020. Retrieved 2009-11-20.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Lonsdale, O; Cheung, D.K.B.; Marshall, S.A. (14 May 2011). "Key to the World genera and North American species of Clusiidae (Diptera: Schizophora)". Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  3. ^ a b Lonsdale, O; Marshall, S.A. (2008). "Synonymy within Clusia and description of the new genus Melanoclusia (Diptera: Clusiidae: Clusiinae)". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 101 (2). Entomological Society of America: 327–330. doi:10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[327:swcado]2.0.co;2.
  4. ^ a b c Stubbs, Allen. E. "An identification guide to British Clusiidae". Proceedings of the Transactions of the British Entomological Natural History Society. 15 (3/4). British Entomological Natural History Society: 89–93.
  5. ^ Lonsdale, O; Marshall, S.A. (2007). "Revision of the genus Phylloclusia (Diptera: Clusiidae: Clusiinae)". Canadian Entomologist. 138 (6). Entomological Society of Ontario: 778–792. doi:10.4039/n06-049.
  6. ^ McAlpine, D.K. (1960). "A review of the Australian species of Clusiidae (Diptera: Acalyptrata)". Records of the Australian Museum. 25 (4): 63–94. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.25.1960.656.
  7. ^ a b Lonsdale, O; Marshall, S.A. (2007). "Redefinition of the genera Clusiodes and Hendelia (Diptera: Clusiidae: Clusiodinae), with a review of Clusiodes". Studia Dipterologica. 14: 117–159.
  8. ^ a b c d e Czerny, P. Leander (1903). "Revision der Heteroneuriden". Wiener Entomologische Zeitung. 22: 61–108.
  9. ^ Lonsdale, O; Marshall, S.A. (2006). "Revision of the New World Craspedochaeta Czerny". Zootaxa. 1391 (1). Magnolia Press: 1–101. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1291.1.1.
  10. ^ a b Lonsdale, O; Marshall, S.A.; Fu, J.; Wiegmann, B. (2010). "Phylogenetic analysis of the druid flies (Diptera: Schizophora: Clusiidae) based on morphological and molecular data". Insect Systematics & Evolution. 41 (1): 231–274. doi:10.1163/187631210x500628.
  11. ^ Lonsdale, O; Marshall, S.A. (2007). "Revision of the New World Heteromeringia (Diptera: Clusiidae: Clusiodinae)". Beiträge zur Entomologie. 57 (1). Deutsche Entomologische Institut: 37–80.
  12. ^ Lonsdale, O; Marshall, S.A. (2008). "Revision of the temperate South American genus Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903, with synonymy of Alloclusia Hendel, 1917 (Diptera: Clusiidae)". Zootaxa. 101. Magnolia Press: 1–33. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1944.1.1.
  13. ^ Lonsdale, O; Marshall, S.A. (2007). "Revision of the North American Sobarocephala (Diptera: Clusiidae, Sobarocephalinae)". Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario. 138. Entomological Society of Ontario: 65–106.
  • Data related to Clusiidae at Wikispecies
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  • BugGuide Images
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  • Delta-Intkey
  • Key to World genera and North America species

Species lists

  • West Palaearctic including Russia
  • Nearctic
  • Australasian and Oceanian
  • Japan
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  • e
Extant Diptera families
Suborder Nematocera
Axymyiomorpha
Culicomorpha
Culicoidea
  • Dixidae (meniscus midges)
  • Corethrellidae (frog-biting midges)
  • Chaoboridae (phantom midges)
  • Culicidae (mosquitoes)
Chironomoidea
  • Thaumaleidae (solitary midges)
  • Simuliidae (black flies)
  • Ceratopogonidae (biting midges)
  • Chironomidae (non-biting midges)
Blephariceromorpha
  • Blephariceridae (net-winged midges)
  • Deuterophlebiidae (mountain midges)
  • Nymphomyiidae
Bibionomorpha
Bibionoidea
  • Bibionidae (march flies, lovebugs)
Anisopodoidea
  • Anisopodidae (wood gnats)
Sciaroidea
(fungus gnats)
Perissommatomorpha
Psychodomorpha
Scatopsoidea
Psychodoidea
  • Psychodidae (moth flies)
Ptychopteromorpha
  • Ptychopteridae (phantom crane flies)
  • Tanyderidae (primitive crane flies)
Tipulomorpha
Trichoceroidea
  • Trichoceridae (winter crane flies)
Tipuloidea
(crane flies)
  • Cylindrotomidae (long-bodied crane flies)
  • Limoniidae (limoniid crane flies)
  • Pediciidae (hairy-eyed craneflies)
  • Tipulidae (large crane flies)
Suborder Brachycera
Asilomorpha
Asiloidea
Empidoidea
Nemestrinoidea
  • Acroceridae (small-headed flies)
  • Nemestrinidae (tangle-veined flies)
Muscomorpha
Aschiza
Platypezoidea
  • Ironomyiidae (ironic flies)
  • Lonchopteridae (spear-winged flies)
  • Opetiidae (flat-footed flies)
  • Phoridae (scuttle flies, coffin flies, humpbacked flies)
  • Platypezidae (flat-footed flies)
Syrphoidea
  • Pipunculidae (big-headed flies)
  • Syrphidae (hoverflies)
Schizophora
Acalyptratae
Conopoidea
  • Conopidae (thick-headed flies)
Tephritoidea
  • Pallopteridae (flutter flies)
  • Piophilidae (cheese flies)
  • Platystomatidae (signal flies)
  • Pyrgotidae
  • Richardiidae
  • Tephritidae (peacock flies)
  • Ulidiidae (picture-winged flies)
Nerioidea
  • Cypselosomatidae
  • Micropezidae (stilt-legged flies)
  • Neriidae (cactus flies, banana stalk flies)
Diopsoidea
Sciomyzoidea
Sphaeroceroidea
Lauxanioidea
Opomyzoidea
Ephydroidea
  • Camillidae
  • Curtonotidae (quasimodo flies)
  • Diastatidae (bog flies)
  • Drosophilidae (vinegar and fruit flies)
  • Ephydridae (shore flies)
  • Mormotomyiidae (frightful hairy fly)
Carnoidea
Lonchaeoidea
Calyptratae
Muscoidea
  • Anthomyiidae (cabbage flies)
  • Fanniidae (little house flies)
  • Muscidae (house flies, stable flies)
  • Scathophagidae (dung flies)
Oestroidea
Hippoboscoidea
  • Glossinidae (tsetse flies)
  • Hippoboscidae (louse flies)
  • Nycteribiidae (bat flies)
  • Streblidae (bat flies)
Stratiomyomorpha
Stratiomyoidea
  • Pantophthalmidae (timber flies)
  • Stratiomyidae (soldier flies)
  • Xylomyidae (wood soldier flies)
Tabanomorpha
Rhagionoidea
Tabanoidea
Vermileonomorpha
Vermileonoidea
Xylophagomorpha
Xylophagoidea
  • Xylophagidae (awl flies)
Taxon identifiers
Clusiidae
Authority control databases: National Edit this at Wikidata
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