American astronomer (1932–2009)
Institutions Caltech · JPLNotable students Celina Mikolajczak Eleanor Francis "Glo" Helin (née Francis ,[ 2] 19 November 1932 – 25 January 2009) was an American astronomer. She was principal investigator of the Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking (NEAT) program of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.[ 3] [ 4] [ 5] (Some sources give her name as Eleanor Kay Helin .)
Helin was a prolific discoverer of minor planets (see list ) and several comets, including periodic comets 111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett , 117P/Helin–Roman–Alu and 132P/Helin–Roman–Alu . She is credited as the discoverer of the object now known as both asteroid 4015 Wilson–Harrington and comet 107P/Wilson–Harrington . Although Wilson and Harrington preceded her by some decades, their observations did not establish an orbit for the object, while her rediscovery did. Helin discovered or co-discovered 903 asteroids and several comets.[ 6]
Biography Helin was born an only child to Fred and Kay Francis. At the age of five, she became ill with polio, which caused her to be bed-ridden for several months.[ 7]
Helin studied geology at Occidental College, leaving just shy of her graduation in 1954.[ 8] She married Ron Helin and started working at California Institute of Technology , where she and Bruce C. Murray started the Lunar Research Lab to prepare for lunar landing missions.[ 7]
Helin was active in planetary science and astronomy at the California Institute of Technology and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for over three decades. Her studies of lunar craters raised interest about near Earth Objects , and in the early 1970s, she initiated the Palomar Planet-Crossing Asteroid Survey (PCAS) from Palomar Observatory . This program is responsible for the discovery of thousands of asteroids of all types including more than 200 in high inclination orbits, other asteroids in rare and unique types of orbits, 20 comets, and approximately 30 percent of the near-Earth asteroids discovered worldwide.[ 5] Using the 18-inch Schmidt telescope, Helin discovered her first asteroid on July 3, 1973.[ 7]
In 1980, Helin started working at JPL ,[ 8] where she organized and coordinated the International Near-Earth Asteroid Survey (INAS) during the 1980s, encouraging and stimulating worldwide interest in asteroids. In recognition of her accomplishments, she received NASA's Exceptional Service Medal.
Eleanor Elin at work. After conducting the PCAS photographic search program from Palomar for nearly 25 years, Helin concentrated on the new, upgraded Near Earth Asteroid Tracking (NEAT) search program using electronic sensors on a large aperture telescope. She was the principal investigator for this program operating from JPL, for which she received the 1997 JPL Award for Excellence. She also received NASA's Group Achievement Award for the NEAT Team.
In operation from 1995 to 2007, NEAT was the first autonomous observing program; no JPL personnel were on-site, only the JPL Sunspark computer which ran the observing system through the night and transmitted the data back to JPL each morning for team member review and confirmation. NEAT detected over 26,000 objects, including 31 near-Earth asteroids, two long period comets and the unique object, 1996 PW , the most eccentric asteroid known (e = 0.99012940), which moves in a long-period (4110.50 a), comet-like orbit (semi-major axis 256.601 AU ).
Helin retired from NASA in 2002, and died on January, 2009.
Caltech Optical Observatories hosted a Helin Commemorative Workshop on 28 September 2010 to honour the contributions of Eleanor and Ronald Helin.[ 9] Palomar Observatory opened an exhibit dedicated to her and her work with the 18-inch Schmidt telescope in September 2013.[ 5]
Awards and honors The Mars-crossing asteroid 3267 Glo , discovered by Edward Bowell in 1981, was named after her nickname.[ 10] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 13 February 1987 (M.P.C. 11641 ).[ 11]
In 1991, the USS Helin debuted on the movie Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country . The ship was named after her for "having discovered an unprecedented number of asteroids and comets".[ 12]
In 1992, Helin received an honorary doctorate from her alma mater, Occidental College .[ 12]
Helin was awarded the NASA Exceptional Service Medal . In 1998 she was inducted to the Women in Technology Hall of Fame.[ 8] [ 13]
Discoveries by Helin See also: Category:Discoveries by Eleanor F. Helin
Helin is credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovery or co-discovered of more than 900 numbered minor planets, including the first two Aten asteroids : 2062 Aten and 2100 Ra-Shalom , which gave rise to this new orbital group of near-Earth objects .[ 1] [ 10]
She also discovered:
Apollo asteroids such as 2135 Aristaeus , 3360 Syrinx , 4034 Vishnu , 4197 Morpheus , 4660 Nereus , 4769 Castalia and 6489 Golevka , among others, Amor asteroids such as 3757 Anagolay , 3988 Huma , 4055 Magellan , 4957 Brucemurray , 5653 Camarillo , 7336 Saunders and 8013 Gordonmoore , three Jupiter trojans including 3240 Laocoon , Mars-crossers such as 9969 Braille , hundreds of main-belt asteroids such as 4897 Tomhamilton , Comets discovered by Helin include:
List of discovered minor planets List of minor planets discovered by Eleanor Helin Name Discovery Date Listing 1982 Cline 4 November 1975 list 2048 Dwornik 27 August 1973 list 2050 Francis 28 May 1974 list 2062 Aten 7 January 1976 list 2074 Shoemaker 17 October 1974 list 2083 Smither 29 November 1973 list 2099 Öpik 8 November 1977 list 2100 Ra-Shalom 10 September 1978 list 2128 Wetherill 26 September 1973 list 2135 Aristaeus 17 April 1977 list [A] 2143 Jimarnold 26 September 1973 list 2220 Hicks 4 November 1975 list 2324 Janice 7 November 1978 list [A] 2335 James 17 October 1974 list 2343 Siding Spring 25 June 1979 list [A] 2392 Jonathan Murray 25 June 1979 list [A] 2430 Bruce Helin 8 November 1977 list [B] 2440 Educatio 7 November 1978 list [A] 2441 Hibbs 25 June 1979 list [A] 2499 Brunk 7 November 1978 list [A] 2611 Boyce 7 November 1978 list [A] 2618 Coonabarabran 25 June 1979 list [A] 2619 Skalnaté Pleso 25 June 1979 list [A] 2628 Kopal 25 June 1979 list [A] 2645 Daphne Plane 30 August 1976 list 2682 Soromundi 25 June 1979 list [A] 2704 Julian Loewe 25 June 1979 list [A] 2725 David Bender 7 November 1978 list [A] 2860 Pasacentennium 8 October 1978 list 2925 Beatty 7 November 1978 list [A] 3043 San Diego 20 September 1982 list 3101 Goldberger 11 April 1978 list [C] [D] 3129 Bonestell 25 June 1979 list [A] 3205 Boksenberg 25 June 1979 list [A] 3240 Laocoon 7 November 1978 list [A] 3360 Syrinx 4 November 1981 list [E] 3449 Abell 7 November 1978 list [A] 3484 Neugebauer 10 July 1978 list [B] 3651 Friedman 7 November 1978 list [A] 3680 Sasha 28 June 1987 list 3718 Dunbar 7 November 1978 list [A] 3737 Beckman 8 August 1983 list 3752 Camillo 15 August 1985 list [F] 3756 Ruscannon 25 June 1979 list [A] 3757 Anagolay 14 December 1982 list 3767 DiMaggio 3 June 1986 list 3795 Nigel 8 April 1986 list 3800 Karayusuf 4 January 1984 list 3817 Lencarter 25 June 1979 list [A] 3855 Pasasymphonia 4 July 1986 list 3875 Staehle 17 May 1988 list 3876 Quaide 19 May 1988 list 3926 Ramirez 7 November 1978 list [A] 3988 Huma 4 June 1986 list 4012 Geballe 7 November 1978 list [A] 4015 Wilson-Harrington 15 November 1979 list 4034 Vishnu 2 August 1986 list 4055 Magellan 24 February 1985 list 4069 Blakee 7 November 1978 list [A] 4103 Chahine 4 March 1989 list 4104 Alu 5 March 1989 list 4105 Tsia 5 March 1989 list 4107 Rufino 7 April 1989 list 4116 Elachi 20 September 1982 list 4125 Lew Allen 28 June 1987 list 4159 Freeman 5 April 1989 list 4160 Sabrina-John 3 June 1989 list 4178 Mimeev 13 March 1988 list 4197 Morpheus 11 October 1982 list [B] 4209 Briggs 4 October 1986 list 4222 Nancita 13 March 1988 list 4224 Susa 19 May 1988 list 4285 Hulkower 11 July 1988 list 4314 Dervan 25 June 1979 list [A] 4364 Shkodrov 7 November 1978 list [A] 4365 Ivanova 7 November 1978 list [A] 4393 Dawe 7 November 1978 list [A] 4490 Bambery 14 July 1988 list [G] 4525 Johnbauer 15 May 1982 list [B] [H] 4575 Broman 26 June 1987 list 4580 Child 4 March 1989 list 4612 Greenstein 2 May 1989 list 4629 Walford 7 October 1986 list 4656 Huchra 7 November 1978 list [A] 4660 Nereus 28 February 1982 list 4674 Pauling 2 May 1989 list 4759 Åretta 7 November 1978 list [A] 4766 Malin 28 March 1987 list 4769 Castalia 9 August 1989 list 4770 Lane 9 August 1989 list 4790 Petrpravec 9 August 1988 list 4796 Lewis 3 June 1989 list 4838 Billmclaughlin 2 July 1989 list 4868 Knushevia 27 October 1989 list 4874 Burke 12 January 1991 list 4897 Tomhamilton 22 August 1987 list 4900 Maymelou 16 June 1988 list 4950 House 7 December 1988 list 4957 Brucemurray 15 December 1990 list 4968 Suzamur 1 August 1986 list 4969 Lawrence 4 October 1986 list 4970 Druyan 12 November 1988 list 4984 Patrickmiller 7 November 1978 list [A] 5000 IAU 23 August 1987 list 5006 Teller 5 April 1989 list 5019 Erfjord 25 June 1979 list [A] 5032 Conradhirsh 18 July 1990 list 5062 Glennmiller 6 February 1989 list 5065 Johnstone 24 March 1990 list 5067 Occidental 19 July 1990 list 5129 Groom 7 April 1989 list (5131) 1990 BG 21 January 1990 list [G] 5181 SURF 7 April 1989 list 5182 Bray 1 July 1989 list 5183 Robyn 22 July 1990 list 5188 Paine 15 October 1990 list 5208 Royer 6 February 1989 list 5255 Johnsophie 19 May 1988 list 5256 Farquhar 11 July 1988 list [J] [K] 5262 Brucegoldberg 14 December 1990 list 5271 Kaylamaya 25 June 1979 list [A] 5276 Gulkis 1 April 1987 list 5278 Polly 12 March 1988 list 5305 Bernievolz 7 November 1978 list [A] 5347 Orestelesca 24 February 1985 list 5349 Paulharris 7 September 1988 list 5391 Emmons 13 September 1985 list 5402 Kejosmith 27 October 1989 list 5416 Estremadoyro 7 November 1978 list [A] 5431 Maxinehelin 19 June 1988 list 5434 Tomwhitney 6 March 1989 list 5438 Lorre 18 August 1990 list 5477 Holmes 27 October 1989 list (5496) 1973 NA 4 July 1973 list 5515 Naderi 5 March 1989 list 5516 Jawilliamson 2 May 1989 list 5517 Johnerogers 4 June 1989 list 5521 Morpurgo 15 August 1991 list 5559 Beategordon 27 June 1990 list 5560 Amytis 27 June 1990 list 5585 Parks 28 June 1990 list 5593 Jonsujatha 9 May 1991 list 5617 Emelyanenko 5 March 1989 list 5619 Shair 26 April 1990 list 5620 Jasonwheeler 19 July 1990 list [G] 5622 Percyjulian 14 October 1990 list 5624 Shirley 11 January 1991 list 5634 Victorborge 7 November 1978 list [A] 5639 Ćuk 9 August 1989 list [L] 5641 McCleese 27 February 1990 list 5647 Sarojininaidu 14 October 1990 list 5649 Donnashirley 18 November 1990 list 5653 Camarillo 21 November 1992 list [M] 5678 DuBridge 1 October 1989 list 5688 Kleewyck 12 January 1991 list 5735 Loripaul 4 June 1989 list 5736 Sanford 6 June 1989 list 5738 Billpickering 27 October 1989 list 5748 Davebrin 19 February 1991 list 5749 Urduja 17 March 1991 list 5772 Johnlambert 15 June 1988 list 5773 Hopper 2 July 1989 list 5774 Ratliff 2 July 1989 list 5785 Fulton 17 March 1991 list 5796 Klemm 7 November 1978 list [A] 5811 Keck 19 May 1988 list 5817 Robertfrazer 5 September 1989 list 5832 Martaprincipe 15 June 1991 list (5836) 1993 MF 22 June 1993 list [M] 5841 Stone 19 September 1982 list 5849 Bhanji 27 April 1990 list 5870 Baltimore 11 February 1989 list 5871 Bobbell 11 February 1989 list 5877 Toshimaihara 23 March 1990 list 5878 Charlene 14 February 1991 list 5888 Ruders 7 November 1978 list [A] 5905 Johnson 11 February 1989 list 5916 van der Woude 8 May 1991 list 5917 Chibasai 7 July 1991 list 5959 Shaklan 2 July 1989 list 5968 Trauger 17 March 1991 list 6009 Yuzuruyoshii 24 March 1990 list 6010 Lyzenga 19 July 1990 list 6041 Juterkilian 21 May 1990 list 6058 Carlnielsen 7 November 1978 list [A] 6065 Chesneau 27 July 1987 list [E] 6092 Johnmason 27 June 1990 list 6127 Hetherington 25 April 1989 list 6128 Lasorda 3 June 1989 list 6153 Hershey 19 July 1990 list 6181 Bobweber 6 September 1986 list 6192 Javiergorosabel 21 May 1990 list 6238 Septimaclark 2 July 1989 list 6249 Jennifer 7 May 1991 list 6250 Saekohayashi 2 November 1991 list 6271 Farmer 9 July 1991 list 6296 Cleveland 12 July 1988 list 6310 Jankonke 21 May 1990 list 6318 Cronkite 18 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1978 list [A] 6602 Gilclark 4 March 1989 list 6603 Marycragg 19 May 1990 list 6608 Davidecrespi 2 November 1991 list (6611) 1993 VW 9 November 1993 list [L] 6623 Trioconbrio 25 June 1979 list [A] 6645 Arcetri 11 January 1991 list 6646 Churanta 14 February 1991 list 6671 Concari 5 July 1994 list 6695 Barrettduff 1 August 1986 list 6711 Holliman 30 April 1989 list 6713 Coggie 21 May 1990 list 6723 Chrisclark 14 February 1991 list 6756 Williamfeldman 7 November 1978 list [A] 6773 Kellaway 15 June 1988 list 6775 Giorgini 5 April 1989 list 6781 Sheikumarkahn 19 July 1990 list 6789 Milkey 4 September 1991 list 6799 Citfiftythree 17 May 1993 list 6812 Robertnelson 7 November 1978 list [A] 6813 Amandahendrix 7 November 1978 list [A] 6814 Steffl 25 June 1979 list [A] 6815 Mutchler 25 June 1979 list [A] 6848 Casely-Hayford 7 November 1978 list [A] 6849 Doloreshuerta 25 June 1979 list [A] 6856 Bethemmons 5 March 1989 list 6857 Castelli 19 August 1990 list 6875 Golgi 4 July 1994 list 6892 Lana 7 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7 November 1978 list [A] (20968) 1978 VM8 7 November 1978 list [A] (20996) 1986 PB 4 August 1986 list (20997) 1986 PL1 1 August 1986 list (21008) 1988 PE 9 August 1988 list (21028) 1989 TO 4 October 1989 list (21040) 1990 OZ 20 July 1990 list (21056) 1991 CA1 14 February 1991 list 21065 Jamesmelka 10 July 1991 list (21108) 1992 QT 31 August 1992 list (21181) 1994 EB2 6 March 1994 list (21183) 1994 EO2 9 March 1994 list (22255) 1978 VX4 7 November 1978 list [A] (22256) 1978 VP9 7 November 1978 list [A] (22257) 1978 VJ10 7 November 1978 list [A] (22258) 1979 MB3 25 June 1979 list [A] (22259) 1979 MD5 25 June 1979 list [A] (22290) 1989 AO 2 January 1989 list (22300) 1990 OY 19 July 1990 list (22301) 1990 OB1 22 July 1990 list (22318) 1991 PG1 15 August 1991 list (22321) 1991 RP 4 September 1991 list (22345) 1992 SP2 23 September 1992 list (23413) 1978 VQ9 7 November 1978 list [A] (23414) 1979 MP1 25 June 1979 list [A] (23415) 1979 MQ3 25 June 1979 list [A] (23416) 1979 MU4 25 June 1979 list [A] (23417) 1979 MU6 25 June 1979 list [A] (23439) 1986 PP 1 August 1986 list (23458) 1989 RY1 6 September 1989 list (23467) 1990 QS3 20 August 1990 list (23482) 1991 LV 14 June 1991 list (23496) 1991 VN3 3 November 1991 list (23519) 1992 SG13 23 September 1992 list (23550) 1994 GK9 11 April 1994 list (23551) 1994 GO9 11 April 1994 list (23552) 1994 NB 3 July 1994 list (23561) 1994 RM12 1 September 1994 list (24613) 1978 VL3 7 November 1978 list [A] (24614) 1978 VY3 7 November 1978 list [A] (24615) 1978 VO5 7 November 1978 list [A] (24616) 1978 VC9 7 November 1978 list [A] (24620) 1979 MO2 25 June 1979 list [A] (24621) 1979 MS4 25 June 1979 list [A] (24622) 1979 MU5 25 June 1979 list [A] (24623) 1979 MD8 25 June 1979 list [A] (24644) 1985 DA 24 February 1985 list (24675) 1989 TZ 2 October 1989 list (24682) 1990 BH 22 January 1990 list (24685) 1990 FQ 23 March 1990 list (24687) 1990 HW 26 April 1990 list (24743) 1992 NF 2 July 1992 list (24745) 1992 QY 29 August 1992 list (24780) 1993 QA1 19 August 1993 list (24809) 1994 TW3 8 October 1994 list (26076) 1979 MM1 25 June 1979 list [A] (26077) 1979 ML6 25 June 1979 list [A] (26078) 1979 MP6 25 June 1979 list [A] (26079) 1979 MW6 25 June 1979 list [A] (26088) 1985 QF1 17 August 1985 list (26089) 1985 QN2 17 August 1985 list (26094) 1988 NU 11 July 1988 list (26150) 1994 RW11 4 September 1994 list (26796) 1978 VO6 7 November 1978 list [A] (26797) 1978 VS8 7 November 1978 list [A] (26819) 1987 QH7 23 August 1987 list 26858 Misterrogers 21 March 1993 list (26885) 1994 RN12 3 September 1994 list (27663) 1978 VP4 7 November 1978 list [A] (27664) 1978 VX5 6 November 1978 list [A] (27665) 1978 VZ5 7 November 1978 list [A] (27666) 1978 VU6 7 November 1978 list [A] (27668) 1979 ME4 25 June 1979 list [A] (27669) 1979 MQ4 25 June 1979 list [A] (27670) 1979 MY6 25 June 1979 list [A] (27671) 1979 MG7 25 June 1979 list [A] (27708) 1987 WP 20 November 1987 list [L] (27713) 1989 AA 2 January 1989 list (27720) 1989 UP3 26 October 1989 list (27747) 1990 YW 18 December 1990 list (27750) 1991 CW2 14 February 1991 list (27822) 1993 UG1 19 October 1993 list (29082) 1978 VG9 7 November 1978 list [A] (29083) 1979 MG3 25 June 1979 list [A] (29084) 1979 MD7 25 June 1979 list [A] (29168) 1990 KJ 20 May 1990 list (29169) 1990 OC1 22 July 1990 list 29198 Weathers 18 February 1991 list (29308) 1993 UF1 20 October 1993 list (30726) 1978 VK7 7 November 1978 list [A] (30727) 1979 MC9 25 June 1979 list [A] (30771) 1986 PO2 1 August 1986 list 30775 Lattu 24 August 1987 list (30776) 1987 QY 24 August 1987 list (30799) 1989 LH 4 June 1989 list (30810) 1990 FM 23 March 1990 list (30813) 1990 QT 19 August 1990 list (30814) 1990 QW 19 August 1990 list 30831 Seignovert 14 October 1990 list [M] (30843) 1991 JK1 8 May 1991 list (30854) 1991 VB 1 November 1991 list (30856) 1991 XE 7 December 1991 list (30858) 1992 AU1 9 January 1992 list (30947) 1994 JW 4 May 1994 list (30958) 1994 TV3 7 October 1994 list (32739) 1978 VA5 7 November 1978 list [A] (32740) 1978 VB7 7 November 1978 list [A] (32741) 1978 VX8 7 November 1978 list [A] (32742) 1978 VB10 7 November 1978 list [A] (32743) 1979 MR1 25 June 1979 list [A] (32744) 1979 MR5 25 June 1979 list [A] (32797) 1990 OJ 18 July 1990 list (32814) 1990 XZ 15 December 1990 list (32898) 1994 PS1 9 August 1994 list (32906) 1994 RH 2 September 1994 list [M] (34999) 1978 VC3 7 November 1978 list [A] (35000) 1978 VN3 7 November 1978 list [A] (35001) 1978 VN4 7 November 1978 list [A] (35002) 1978 VY8 7 November 1978 list [A] (35003) 1979 MT1 25 June 1979 list [A] (35004) 1979 MC3 25 June 1979 list [A] (35005) 1979 MY3 25 June 1979 list [A] (35055) 1984 RB 2 September 1984 list (35067) 1989 LL 4 June 1989 list (35100) 1991 NK 8 July 1991 list (35102) 1991 RT 4 September 1991 list (35133) 1992 QX 29 August 1992 list (35135) 1992 RO1 1 September 1992 list (35161) 1993 OW 16 July 1993 list (35194) 1994 ET3 10 March 1994 list (37531) 1978 VF7 7 November 1978 list [A] (37532) 1978 VL8 6 November 1978 list [A] (37533) 1979 MX8 25 June 1979 list [A] (37562) 1988 MA 16 June 1988 list (37568) 1989 TP 4 October 1989 list (37587) 1991 CK3 14 February 1991 list (37589) 1991 NN9 9 July 1991 list [M] (37634) 1993 UZ 19 October 1993 list (37635) 1993 UJ1 20 October 1993 list (39472) 1978 VJ3 7 November 1978 list [A] (39473) 1978 VW3 6 November 1978 list [A] (39474) 1978 VC7 7 November 1978 list [A] (39475) 1978 VE8 7 November 1978 list [A] (39476) 1979 MA2 25 June 1979 list [A] (39477) 1979 MF5 25 June 1979 list [A] (39520) 1988 NY 12 July 1988 list (39565) 1992 SL 24 September 1992 list [M] (39567) 1992 ST2 22 September 1992 list (39619) 1994 LC3 10 June 1994 list (42465) 1978 VH4 7 November 1978 list [A] (42466) 1978 VP6 6 November 1978 list [A] (42467) 1978 VX6 7 November 1978 list [A] (42517) 1993 XU1 14 December 1993 list (43727) 1979 MQ2 25 June 1979 list [A] (43728) 1979 MA3 25 June 1979 list [A] (43729) 1979 MS3 25 June 1979 list [A] (43730) 1979 MK4 25 June 1979 list [A] (43731) 1979 ML5 25 June 1979 list [A] (43732) 1979 MO7 25 June 1979 list [A] (43733) 1979 MV7 25 June 1979 list [A] (43734) 1979 MY7 25 June 1979 list [A] (43758) 1985 QY2 17 August 1985 list (43796) 1991 AS1 14 January 1991 list (43815) 1991 VD4 3 November 1991 list (46515) 1978 VW5 7 November 1978 list [A] (46516) 1978 VQ6 6 November 1978 list [A] (46517) 1978 VM7 7 November 1978 list [A] (46518) 1978 VH10 6 November 1978 list [A] (46519) 1979 ME3 25 June 1979 list [A] (46520) 1979 MJ3 25 June 1979 list [A] (46521) 1979 MM7 25 June 1979 list [A] (46522) 1979 MS7 25 June 1979 list [A] (46540) 1983 LD 13 June 1983 list [E] (46559) 1991 PC1 15 August 1991 list (46561) 1991 RQ 7 September 1991 list (46562) 1991 RV 7 September 1991 list (46598) 1993 FT2 19 March 1993 list (48383) 1978 VH7 6 November 1978 list [A] (48384) 1978 VQ8 7 November 1978 list [A] (48385) 1978 VH9 7 November 1978 list [A] (48386) 1979 MQ1 25 June 1979 list [A] (48387) 1979 MM2 25 June 1979 list [A] (48388) 1979 MZ5 25 June 1979 list [A] (48389) 1979 MV8 25 June 1979 list [A] (48414) 1987 OS 19 July 1987 list (48450) 1991 NA 7 July 1991 list (48453) 1991 PT9 13 August 1991 list 48461 Sabrinamaricia 7 September 1991 list [P] (48477) 1991 VV 2 November 1991 list (48478) 1991 VF3 3 November 1991 list (48533) 1993 QU 19 August 1993 list (48570) 1994 EA2 9 March 1994 list (52229) 1978 NN 10 July 1978 list [B] (52230) 1978 NR 10 July 1978 list [B] (52235) 1979 MW2 25 June 1979 list [A] (52236) 1979 MF7 25 June 1979 list [A] (52264) 1985 RD2 13 September 1985 list (52280) 1989 RB 5 September 1989 list (52284) 1990 HP 26 April 1990 list (52314) 1991 XD 7 December 1991 list (52315) 1992 AM 9 January 1992 list (52317) 1992 BC1 30 January 1992 list (52385) 1993 OC 16 July 1993 list (52423) 1994 LZ 11 June 1994 list (52441) 1994 RS1 1 September 1994 list (52447) 1994 TH16 8 October 1994 list (55722) 1978 VU3 7 November 1978 list [A] (55723) 1979 MP2 25 June 1979 list [A] (55724) 1979 MB5 25 June 1979 list [A] (55725) 1979 MG5 25 June 1979 list [A] (55726) 1979 MG8 25 June 1979 list [A] (55739) 1989 TV 4 October 1989 list (55757) 1991 XN 7 December 1991 list (55760) 1992 BL1 30 January 1992 list (58100) 1978 VQ7 7 November 1978 list [A] (58101) 1979 MV4 25 June 1979 list [A] (58102) 1979 MW4 25 June 1979 list [A] (58103) 1979 MQ5 25 June 1979 list [A] (58104) 1979 ML7 25 June 1979 list [A] (58105) 1979 MN8 25 June 1979 list [A] (58106) 1979 MO8 25 June 1979 list [A] (58146) 1986 RU 6 September 1986 list (58156) 1989 GL 6 April 1989 list (58183) 1991 PH9 15 August 1991 list (58192) 1992 AQ 10 January 1992 list (58213) 1992 QP 29 August 1992 list (65636) 1979 ME1 24 June 1979 list [A] (69235) 1978 VS3 7 November 1978 list [A] (69236) 1978 VF5 6 November 1978 list [A] (69237) 1978 VR6 7 November 1978 list [A] (69238) 1978 VZ8 7 November 1978 list [A] (69240) 1979 MZ1 25 June 1979 list [A] (69241) 1979 MX3 25 June 1979 list [A] (69242) 1979 MA7 25 June 1979 list [A] (69243) 1979 MU7 25 June 1979 list [A] (69244) 1979 MP8 25 June 1979 list [A] (69294) 1991 PU9 13 August 1991 list (69349) 1993 VU 9 November 1993 list (73645) 1978 VX2 7 November 1978 list [A] (73646) 1978 VT3 7 November 1978 list [A] (73647) 1978 VL9 7 November 1978 list [A] (73648) 1979 ME6 25 June 1979 list [A] (73649) 1979 MA9 25 June 1979 list [A] (73673) 1986 RX1 6 September 1986 list (73681) 1989 TL18 2 October 1989 list [M] (79088) 1978 VB4 7 November 1978 list [A] (79089) 1978 VX10 7 November 1978 list [A] (79090) 1979 MZ8 25 June 1979 list [A] (79142) 1991 VR2 1 November 1991 list (79186) 1993 QN 20 August 1993 list [L] (79244) 1994 RT1 1 September 1994 list (85123) 1978 VC8 7 November 1978 list [A] (85124) 1978 VF8 7 November 1978 list [A] (85125) 1978 VU8 7 November 1978 list [A] (85126) 1978 VO10 7 November 1978 list [A] (85127) 1978 VJ11 7 November 1978 list [A] (85129) 1979 MC5 25 June 1979 list [A] (85130) 1979 MH5 25 June 1979 list [A] (85131) 1979 MT6 25 June 1979 list [A] (85132) 1979 MR7 25 June 1979 list [A] (85133) 1979 MX7 25 June 1979 list [A] (85134) 1979 MH8 25 June 1979 list [A] (85152) 1985 QL3 16 August 1985 list (85182) 1991 AQ 14 January 1991 list (85184) 1991 JG1 9 May 1991 list (85189) 1991 RL2 4 September 1991 list (85245) 1993 RM2 14 September 1993 list (85275) 1994 LY 11 June 1994 list (85300) 1994 UW2 30 October 1994 list (90676) 1978 VA9 7 November 1978 list [A] (90677) 1978 VN10 7 November 1978 list [A] (90678) 1979 MC6 25 June 1979 list [A] (90679) 1979 MF6 25 June 1979 list [A] (90772) 1993 UH 19 October 1993 list (96159) 1978 VR3 7 November 1978 list [A] (96160) 1978 VW7 7 November 1978 list [A] (96161) 1978 VS9 7 November 1978 list [A] (96162) 1979 MN7 25 June 1979 list [A] (96177) 1984 BC 30 January 1984 list [E] (96182) 1989 RT1 6 September 1989 list (96183) 1989 UG2 27 October 1989 list (96188) 1991 GC 8 April 1991 list (96234) 1993 UG 20 October 1993 list (99954) 1978 NH 10 July 1978 list [B] (99956) 1978 VA 5 November 1978 list (99957) 1978 VM4 7 November 1978 list [A] (99958) 1978 VB9 6 November 1978 list [A] (99959) 1978 VW9 7 November 1978 list [A] (99960) 1978 VD10 6 November 1978 list [A] (99961) 1979 MT2 25 June 1979 list [A] (99962) 1979 MF3 25 June 1979 list [A] (99963) 1979 MO5 25 June 1979 list [A] (99964) 1979 MJ6 25 June 1979 list [A] (99965) 1979 MC7 25 June 1979 list [A] (99966) 1979 MC8 25 June 1979 list [A] (100005) 1986 RY 6 September 1986 list (100037) 1991 RM 4 September 1991 list (100119) 1993 OB 16 July 1993 list (100130) 1993 RD3 12 September 1993 list (118163) 1979 MJ8 25 June 1979 list [A] (120439) 1978 VJ4 7 November 1978 list [A] (120440) 1978 VU9 7 November 1978 list [A] (120441) 1979 MZ7 25 June 1979 list [A] (120450) 1982 SV 20 September 1982 list (120456) 1989 JB 3 May 1989 list (120478) 1992 QS 29 August 1992 list (129437) 1978 NG 10 July 1978 list [B] (129438) 1979 MO3 25 June 1979 list [A] (134341) 1979 MA 25 June 1979 list [A] (134342) 1979 MV3 25 June 1979 list [A] (136564) 1977 VA 7 November 1977 list [B] (136566) 1978 VE4 7 November 1978 list [A] (136604) 1993 QD1 19 August 1993 list (136620) 1994 JC 4 May 1994 list [M] (150107) 1978 VL4 7 November 1978 list [A] (152563) 1992 BF 30 January 1992 list [M] (159368) 1979 QB 22 August 1979 list (161995) 1983 LB 13 June 1983 list [Q] (161999) 1989 RC 5 September 1989 list [L] (162000) 1990 OS 21 July 1990 list (162004) 1991 VE 3 November 1991 list [M] (181704) 1989 NA 2 July 1989 list (190282) 1989 UQ3 26 October 1989 list (192282) 1979 MY4 25 June 1979 list [A] (207943) 1979 MN4 25 June 1979 list [A] (207945) 1991 JW 8 May 1991 list [M] (264259) 1979 MC4 25 June 1979 list [A] (283319) 1992 WR4 19 November 1992 list (301844) 1990 UA 16 October 1990 list (301846) 1993 OV1 16 July 1993 list [M] (306381) 1993 RR2 14 September 1993 list (310379) 1994 NZ 4 July 1994 list (312936) 1979 MT3 25 June 1979 list [A] (316651) 1990 OL 22 July 1990 list (331471) 1984 QY1 27 August 1984 list [R] (350442) 1979 ME2 23 June 1979 list [A] (356971) 1991 TK2 10 October 1991 list (385186) 1994 AW1 11 January 1994 list [M] (393350) 1992 RN1 1 September 1992 list [M] (399307) 1991 RJ2 8 September 1991 list (523828) 1992 BC 24 January 1992 list [M] Co-discovery made with:A S. J. Bus B E. M. Shoemaker C G. Grueff D J. V. Wall E R. S. Dunbar F M. A. Barucci G B. Roman H P. D. Wilder J C. Mikolajczak K R. Coker L J. Alu M K. J. Lawrence N J. B. Child O L. Lee P S. Cohen Q S. R. Swanson R P. Rose
See also
References ^ a b "Minor Planet Discoverers (by number)". Minor Planet Center . 29 October 2018. Retrieved 19 February 2019 . ^ Angelo, Joseph A. (2009). Encyclopedia of Space and Astronomy . Infobase Publishing . pp. 56, 65. ISBN 9781438110189 . Retrieved 31 December 2013 . ^ "Eleanor Francis Helin". WITI Hall of Fame . Women in Technology International. Retrieved 23 July 2014 . ^ Malerbo, Dan (4 March 2010). "Let's Learn About: Dr. Eleanor F. Helin". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette . Retrieved 23 July 2014 . ^ a b c "The Helin Commemorative Exhibit: Searching the Sky for Dangerous Neighbors". Palomar Observatory . California Institute of Technology . Retrieved 23 July 2014 . ^ "Eleanor Helin". www.planetary.org . Retrieved 16 March 2019 . ^ a b c Lee Siegel (7 February 1993). "20-Year Quest Makes Astronomer No. 1 in Finding Doomsday Asteroids : Space: Eleanor (Glo) Helin has spent decades showing why it is important to seek out what was once called 'the vermin of astronomy.' The thrill of the hunt is what spurs her on". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 26 August 2019 . ^ a b c Lori Ferguson. "Guardians of the galaxy". Occidental Magazine . Spring 2017: 30–31. ^ "Helin Commemorative Workshop: Near Earth Asteroids". Caltech Optical Observatories . California Institute of Technology. Retrieved 12 April 2018 . ^ a b Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(3267) Glo". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (3267) Glo . Springer Berlin Heidelberg . p. 272. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_3268. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3 . ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center . Retrieved 14 April 2018 . ^ a b "Eleanor Helin Exhibit". www.astro.caltech.edu . Retrieved 16 March 2019 . ^ "Eleanor Francis Helin". WITI. Retrieved 26 August 2019 .
External links Interview with Eleanor Helin Archived 21 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine , Web of Stories