Ferroglobus

Ferroglobus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Archaea
Kingdom:	Euryarchaeota
Class:	Archaeoglobi
Order:	Archaeoglobales
Family:	Archaeoglobaceae
Genus:	Ferroglobus Hafenbradl et al. 1997
Type species
Ferroglobus placidus Hafenbradl et al. 1997
Species
F. placidus

Ferroglobus is a genus of the Archaeoglobaceae.^[1]

Ferroglobus is a hyperthermophilic genus phylogenetically located within the Euryarchaeota. It consists of one species, F. placidus, isolated from hydrothermal vent sediment off the coast of Italy. F. placidus grows best at 85 °C and a neutral pH. It cannot grow at temperatures below 65 °C or above 95 °C. Cells possess an S-layer cell wall and archaella.

Metabolically, Ferroglobus is quite unique compared to its relative Archaeoglobus. F. placidus was the first hyperthermophile discovered to grow anaerobically by oxidizing aromatic compounds such as benzoate coupled to the reduction of ferric iron (Fe³⁺) to ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Hydrogen gas (H₂) and sulfide (H₂S) can also be used as energy sources. Due to its anaerobic lifestyle, nitrate (NO₃⁻) is used as a terminal electron acceptor whereby it is converted to nitrite (NO₂⁻). Thiosulfate (S₂O₃²⁻) can also be used as a terminal electron acceptor. F. placidus was the first archaeon discovered that can anaerobically oxidize iron coupled to the reduction of nitrate. It is thought that the presence of organisms similar to F. placidus in the ancient, anoxic Earth may have led to the formation of banded iron formations often found in ancient rocks.

• List of Archaea genera

• Hafenbradl, D.; Keller, M.; Dirmeier, R.; Rachel, R.; Roßnagel, P.; Burggraf, S.; Huber, H. & Stetter, K.O. (1996). "Ferroglobus placidus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel hyperthermophilic archaeum that oxidizes Fe²⁺ at neutral pH under anoxic conditions". Archives of Microbiology. 166 (5): 308–314. doi:10.1007/s002030050388. PMID 8929276. S2CID 26731922.
• Madigan, M.T.; Martinko, J.M. (2005). Brock Biology of Microorganisms (11th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.
• Tor, J.M.; Kashefi, K. & Lovley, D.R. (2001). "Acetate oxidation coupled to Fe(III) reduction in hyperthermophilic microorganisms". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 67 (3): 1363–1365. Bibcode:2001ApEnM..67.1363T. doi:10.1128/AEM.67.3.1363-1365.2001. PMC 92735. PMID 11229932.
• Tor, J.M.; Lovley, D.R. (2001). "Anaerobic degradation of aromatic compounds coupled to Fe(III) reduction by Ferroglobus placidus". Environmental Microbiology. 3 (4): 281–287. doi:10.1046/j.1462-2920.2001.00192.x. PMID 11359514.

• Anderson, Iain; Risso, Carla; Holmes, Dawn; Lucas, Susan; Copeland, Alex; Lapidus, Alla; Cheng, Jan-Fang; Bruce, David; Goodwin, Lynne; Pitluck, Samuel (2011). "Complete genome sequence of Ferroglobus placidus AEDII12DO". Standards in Genomic Sciences. 5 (1): 50–60. doi:10.4056/sigs.2225018. PMC 3236036. PMID 22180810.
• Holmes, Dawn E.; Risso, Carla; Smith, Jessica A.; Lovley, Derek R. (2011). "Anaerobic Oxidation of Benzene by the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Ferroglobus placidus". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77 (17): 5926–5933. Bibcode:2011ApEnM..77.5926H. doi:10.1128/AEM.05452-11. PMC 3165377. PMID 21742914.
• Holmes, Dawn E; Risso, Carla; Smith, Jessica A; Lovley, Derek R (2012). "Genome-scale analysis of anaerobic benzoate and phenol metabolism in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Ferroglobus placidus". ISME Journal. 6 (1): 146–157. doi:10.1038/ismej.2011.88. PMC 3246244. PMID 21776029.
• Vorholt, Julia A.; Hafenbradl, Doris; Stetter, Karl O.; Thauer, Rudolf K. (1997). "Pathways of autotrophic CO-2 fixation and of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to N-2O in Ferroglobus placidus". Archives of Microbiology. 167 (1): 19–23. doi:10.1007/s002030050411. PMID 9000337. S2CID 33677449.

• Huber H, Stetter KO (2001). "Family I. Archaeoglobaceae fam. nov. Stetter 1989, 2216". In DR Boone, RW Castenholz (eds.). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-387-98771-2.
• Stetter, KO (1989). "Group II. Archaeobacterial sulfate reducers. Order Archaeoglobales". In JT Staley; MP Bryant; N Pfennig; JG Holt (eds.). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3 (1st ed.). Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Co. p. 169.