Forest Marble Formation
Forest Marble Formation | |
---|---|
Stratigraphic range: Bathonian 168–166 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ | |
![]() Forest Marble Formation exposed in Kirtlington Quarry, Oxfordshire | |
Type | Geological formation |
Unit of | Great Oolite Group |
Underlies | Cornbrash Formation |
Overlies | White Limestone Formation, Athelstan Oolite Formation, Chalfield Oolite Formation, Corsham Limestone Formation, Frome Clay |
Thickness | Up to 5m thick in Buckinghamshire, 10 to 30m in Oxfordshire and Gloucestershire, 30 to about 50m in north Dorset, 30 to 75m in south Dorset |
Lithology | |
Primary | Mudstone, Limestone |
Other | Siltstone, Sandstone |
Location | |
Region | Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Dorset |
Country | ![]() |
Type section | |
Named for | Wychwood Forest |
The Forest Marble is a geological formation in England. Part of the Great Oolite Group, it dates to the late Bathonian stage of the Middle Jurassic.[1]
Lithology
The primary lithology of the formation typically consists of greenish grey variably calcareous silicate mudstone, with lenticular cross bedded limestone units deposited in a marine setting.[2]
Paleobiota
Despite the formation being nearly entirely marine, at several localities abundant remains of terrestrial microvertebrates are found, the primary locality being the Kirtlington Mammal Bed (designated 3p) in Kirtlington Quarry near Kirtlington, Oxfordshire.[3] Another important locality is Watton Cliff near Eype in Dorset.[4]
Fish
Fish of the Forest Marble Formation[5] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Abundance | Notes | Images |
Hybodus | Hybodus obtusus | Watton Cliff | A hybodont shark | |||
Egertonodus | Egertonodus duffini | |||||
Secarodus | Secarodus polyprion | |||||
Strophodus | Spp. | A hybodont shark, formerly considered to be Asteracanthus | ||||
Lonchidion | Indeterminate | A hybodont shark | ||||
Parvodus | Parvodus pattersoni | |||||
Lissodus | Lissodus leiopleurus | |||||
Palaeocarcharias?[6] | Indeterminate | Possibly the oldest lamniform shark |
Dinosaurs
Ornithischians
Color key
| Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Ornithischians of the Forest Marble Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Abundance | Notes | Images |
Alocodon[7] | Indeterminate[7] |
| ||||
Hylaeosaurus[9] | Indeterminate[9] |
| Dubious | |||
Iguanodon[11] | Indeterminate[11] |
| Dubious, probably indeterminate ornithischian |
Saurischians
Color key
| Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Saurischians reported from the Forest Marble Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
Bothriospondylus[12] | B. robustus[10] |
| "Dorsal vertebra."[13] | Reassigned to Marmarospondylus | ![]() | |
Indeterminate[8] |
| |||||
Cardiodon[10] | C. rugulosus[10] |
| ||||
Cetiosaurus[14] | C. oxoniensis |
| ||||
"Cetiosaurus" | C. glymptonensis[8] |
| "Caudal vertebrae."[15] | Actually indeterminate theropod remains.[16] | ||
Dromaeosauridae[17] | Indeterminate[17] |
| "Teeth"[17] | Remains represent three species. Same species also present in the Chipping Norton Limestone.[17] Other authors have questioned the attribution to dromaeosaurs.[18] | ||
Dorsal verebra | Dubious genus of sauropod | |||||
Megalosaurus[19] | M. bucklandii[16] |
| ||||
Indeterminate[20] |
| Actually indeterminate theropod remains.[20] |
Amphibians
Amphibians reported from the Forest Marble Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
Anoualerpeton | A. priscus | Kirtlington | Albanerpetontid | |||
Eodiscoglossus | E. oxoniensis | Kirtlington | Frog, probably not closely related to type species of genus. | ![]() | ||
Marmorerpeton | M. kermacki, M. freemani | Kirtlington, Watton Cliff | Neotenic stem-group salamander (Caudata) belonging to Karauridae | |||
Caudata | Indeterminate | Kirtlington | 2 distinct taxa, one common one small, referred to as Kirtlington Salamander A and B, respectively |
Turtles
Turtles reported from the Forest Marble Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
Paracryptodira[22] | Indeterminate | Kirtlington | Shell fragments, basisphenoid |
Choristoderes
Choristoderes reported from the Forest Marble Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
Cteniogenys | Indeterminate | Kirtlington |
Lepidosauromorphs
Lepidosauromorphs reported from the Forest Marble Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
Balnealacerta | B. silvestris | Kirtlington | Scincomorph lizard | |||
Bellairsia | B. gracillis | Kirtlington | Squamate | ![]() | ||
Eophis | E. underwoodi | Kirtlington | Stem-snake | |||
Marmoretta | M. oxoniensis | Kirtlington | Basal Lepidosauromorph | ![]() | ||
Oxiella | O. tenuis | Kirtlington | Squamate | |||
Parviraptor | cf. estesi | Kirtlington | Stem-snake | |||
Saurillodon | S. marmorensis | Kirtlington | Paramacellodid lizard | |||
Rhynchocephalia | Indeterminate | Kirtlington |
Crocodyliformes
Crocodyliformes reported from the Forest Marble Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
cf. Goniopholis | Indeterminate | Kirtlington | ![]() | |||
cf. Theriosuchus | Indeterminate | Kirtlington |
Mammaliamorphs
Mammaliamorphs reported from the Forest Marble Formation | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images | |
Amphitherium | Indeterminate | ?Kirtlington, Watton Cliff | The first Mesozoic mammal to be described. Initially believed to be a marsupial. Close relative of Palaeoxonodon and Peramuridae. | ||||
Borealestes | B. serendipitus | Kirtlington, Watton Cliff | molar fragments | Docodonta | |||
Dobunnodon | B. mussetti | Kirtlington | molar fragments | ||||
Gobiconodon | G. bathoniensis | Kirtlington, Watton Cliff | Gobiconodontid | ||||
Hahnotherium | H. antiquum | Kirtlington, Watton Cliff | Multituberculate | ||||
Kermackodon | K. multicuspis, K. oxfordensis | Kirtlington, Watton Cliff | Allotherian belonging to the family Kermackodontidae, K. oxfordensis previously placed in separate genus Eleutherodon. | ![]() | |||
Kirtlingtonia | K. catenata | Kirtlington | Haramiyid | ||||
Krusatodon | K. kirtlingtonensis | Kirtlington | Tegotheriid docodontan | ||||
Millsodon | M. superstes | Kirtlington, Watton Cliff | Haramiyid | ||||
Morganucodon | M. tardus | Watton Cliff | Morganucodontidae | ![]() | |||
Palaeoxonodon | P. ooliticus | Kirtlington, Watton Cliff | Amphitheriid | ||||
Paritatodon | P. kermacki | Kirtlington | Docodontan or Shuotheriidae | ||||
Peraiocynodon | P. major | Kirtlington | Docodontidae | ||||
Phascolotherium | P. simpsoni | Kirtlington, Watton Cliff | Amphilestidae | ||||
Simpsonodon | S. oxfordensis | Kirtlington | Docodonta | ||||
Shuotherium | Indeterminate | Kirtington | Shuotheriidae | ||||
Stereognathus | S. ooliticus | Kirtlington, Watton Cliff | Tritylodontidae | ||||
Stylidens | S. hookeri | Watton Cliff | Morganucodontidae | ||||
Wareolestes | W. rex | Kirtlington | Morganucodonta | ||||
Allotheria | Indeterminate | Kirtlington | |||||
Haramiyida | Indeterminate | Kirtlington | |||||
Dryolestida | Indeterminate | Lower molars | |||||
Peramuridae | Indeterminate | Watton Cliff |
See also
Footnotes
- ^ Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Middle Jurassic, Europe)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 538–541. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
- ^ British Geological Survey. "Forest Marble Formation". BGS Lexicon of Named Rock Units. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
- ^ "Kirtlington 3p (Mammal Bed)". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
- ^ "Watton Cliff (West Cliff), Dorset". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
- ^ Rees, Jan; Underwood, Charlie J. (January 2008). "Hybodont Sharks of the English Bathonian and Callovian (Middle Jurassic)". Palaeontology. 51 (1): 117–147. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00737.x. ISSN 0031-0239.
- ^ Underwood, Charlie J.; Ward, David J. (May 2004). "Neoselachian sharks and rays from the British Bathonian (Middle Jurassic)". Palaeontology. 47 (3): 447–501. doi:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2004.00386.x. ISSN 0031-0239.
- ^ a b Listed as "cf. Alocodon sp." in "10.11 Oxfordshire, England; 6. Forest Marble Formation," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 540.
- ^ a b c d e f g "10.11 Oxfordshire, England; 6. Forest Marble Formation," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 540.
- ^ a b Listed as "?Hylaeosaurus sp." in "10.13 Wiltshire, England; 3. Forest Marble Formation," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 540.
- ^ a b c d e f "10.13 Wiltshire, England; 3. Forest Marble Formation," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 540.
- ^ a b Listed as "?Iguanodon sp." in "10.11 Oxfordshire, England; 6. Forest Marble Formation," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 540.
- ^ "10.11 Oxfordshire, England; 6. Forest Marble Formation" and "10.13 Wiltshire, England; 3. Forest Marble Formation," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 540.
- ^ "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 270.
- ^ "10.11 Oxfordshire, England; 6. Forest Marble Formation," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 538, 540.
- ^ "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 265.
- ^ a b c "10.3 Gloucestershire, England; 4. Forest Marble Formation," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 538.
- ^ a b c d e f Wills, S.; Underwood, C. J.; Barrett, P. M. (2023). "Machine learning confirms new records of maniraptoran theropods in Middle Jurassic UK microvertebrate faunas". Papers in Palaeontology. 9 (2). e1487. doi:10.1002/spp2.1487.
- ^ Yu, Yilun; Yi, Hongyu; Wang, Shiying; Pei, Rui; Zhang, Chi; Xu, Xing (December 1, 2023). "A Jurassic Tibetan theropod tooth reveals dental convergency and its implication for identifying fragmentary fossils". The Innovation Geoscience. 1 (3): 100040–10. doi:10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2023.100040. ISSN 2959-8753.
- ^ Weishampel, et al. (2004). Pages 539-540.
- ^ a b "10.7 Dorset, England; 2. Forest Marble Formation" and "10.11 Oxfordshire, England; 6. Forest Marble Formation," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Pages 539-540.
- ^ "10.7 Dorset, England; 2. Forest Marble Formation," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 539.
- ^ Scheyer, Torsten M.; Anquetin, Jérémy (March 2008). "Bone histology of the Middle Jurassic turtle shell remains from Kirtlington, Oxfordshire, England". Lethaia. 41 (1): 85–96. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2007.00044.x. ISSN 0024-1164.
References
- Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. 861 pp. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.