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François Bayrou

François Bayrou
Bayrou in 2025
Prime Minister of France
Incumbent
Assumed office
13 December 2024
PresidentEmmanuel Macron
Preceded byMichel Barnier
Minister of Justice
In office
17 May 2017 – 19 June 2017
Prime MinisterÉdouard Philippe
Preceded byJean-Jacques Urvoas
Succeeded byNicole Belloubet
Minister of National Education
In office
29 March 1993 – 4 June 1997
Prime MinisterÉdouard Balladur
Alain Juppé
Preceded byJack Lang
Succeeded byClaude Allègre
Mayor of Pau
Incumbent
Assumed office
4 April 2014
Preceded byMartine Lignières-Cassou
President of the Democratic Movement
Incumbent
Assumed office
2 December 2007
Preceded byPosition established
President of the European Democratic Party
Incumbent
Assumed office
13 July 2004
Preceded byPosition established
President of the Union for French Democracy
In office
25 February 1998 – 30 November 2007
Preceded byFrançois Léotard
Succeeded byPosition abolished
Parliamentary offices
Member of the National Assembly
for Pyrénées-Atlantiques's 2nd constituency
In office
19 June 2002 – 19 June 2012
Preceded byPierre Menjucq
Succeeded byNathalie Chabanne
In office
12 June 1997 – 21 December 1999
Preceded byPierre Laguilhon
Succeeded byPierre Menjucq
In office
2 April 1986 – 1 May 1993
Preceded byMajority vote
Succeeded byPierre Laguilhon
Member of the European Parliament
In office
20 July 1999 – 20 June 2002
ConstituencyFrance
Local offices
President of the General Council
of Pyrénées-Atlantiques
In office
2 April 1992 – 23 March 2001
Preceded byHenri Grenet
Succeeded byJean-Jacques Lasserre
Member of the General Council
of Pyrénées-Atlantiques
In office
26 March 1982 – 21 March 2008
Preceded byYves Urieta
Succeeded byAndré Arribes
ConstituencyCanton of Pau-Sud
Personal details
Born
François René Jean Lucien Bayrou

(1951-05-25) 25 May 1951 (age 74)
Bordères, France
Political partyMoDem (since 2007)
Other political
affiliations		CD (until 1976)
CDS (1976–1995)
FD (1995–1998)
UDF (1978–2007)
Spouse
Élisabeth Perlant
​
(m. 1971)​
Children5
Residence(s)Hôtel Matignon, Paris
Alma materUniversity Bordeaux Montaigne
Signature
WebsiteOfficial website

François René Jean Lucien Bayrou ([fʁɑ̃swa bajʁu] ⓘ; born 25 May 1951) is a French politician who has served as Prime Minister of France since December 2024. He has presided over the European Democratic Party (EDP) since 2004 and the Democratic Movement (MoDem) since 2007. A centrist, he was a candidate in the 2002, 2007 and 2012 presidential elections.

From 1993 to 1997, Bayrou was Minister of National Education in three successive governments. He was also a member of the National Assembly for a seat in Pyrénées-Atlantiques from 1986 to 2012 with brief interruptions and a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1999 to 2002. He has been mayor of Pau since 2014.

It was speculated that Bayrou would be a candidate in the 2017 presidential election, but he decided not to run and instead supported Emmanuel Macron, who – after winning the election – named him Minister of State for Justice in the government headed by Édouard Philippe. On 21 June 2017, he resigned from the government amid an investigation into the MoDem's allegedly fraudulent employment of parliamentary assistants, initiated earlier that month. He was cleared of those accusations in 2024.

On 13 December 2024, he was appointed as Prime Minister by Emmanuel Macron after Michel Barnier's government was brought down by a vote of no confidence.[1][2]

Early life and education

[edit]

Bayrou was born on 25 May 1951 in Bordères, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, a village located between Pau and Lourdes. He is the son of farmer Calixte Bayrou (1909–1974), MRP mayor of Bordères from 1947 to 1953, and Emma Sarthou (1917–2009).[3][4][5] Bayrou descends from an ancestry of primarily Occitans except from his maternal grandmother's side which is Irish.[6]

When Bayrou was in his youth, he developed a stutter which led to him attending speech therapy for seven years.[7] He first went to secondary school in Pau, before transferring to Bordeaux. He studied literature at university, and at the age of 23, sat the "agrégation", the highest qualifying level for teachers in senior high schools and preparatory classes in France. Around the same time, his father was killed in a tractor accident. After studying at Bordères primary school, he obtained a baccalaureate in classical literature (French, Latin, and Greek) in 1968 from the public high school of Nay-Bourdettes. He continued his studies in literary preparatory classes at the Lycée Michel de Montaigne in Bordeaux, then at the University of Bordeaux-III, where in 1972 he wrote a master's thesis on Charles Péguy's The Mystery of the Charity of Joan of Arc.[8] In 1974, he obtained the agrégation (academic qualification) in classical literature and then taught in Pau until 1979.[9]

Bayrou married Élisabeth Perlant, also known as "Babette", in 1971.[10] He and Perlant have five children, Hélène, Marie, Dominique, Calixte and Agnès.[11] The children were raised on the farm where Bayrou was born and where Bayrou currently lives with Perlant.

Prior to embarking on his political career, Bayrou taught history in Béarn in the French Pyrenees.[12] He has written several books on politics and history, including one on King Henry IV of France. Bayrou's hobby is raising horses. He is a practising Roman Catholic but strongly supports France's system of secularism (French: laïcité).

Political career

[edit]

First steps in politics: 1974–2002

[edit]

When Bayrou did not participate in May 68, he was active in nonviolent movements and followed Gandhi disciple, Lanza del Vasto.[13][14] Despite his religious convictions, he did not join the Jeunesse Étudiante Chrétienne. From the early 1970s, he was a member of the Amitié Charles Péguy, which he cites as his intellectual references.[15]

He entered politics in 1974, after his agrégation in classical literature, joining the Democratic Centre (CD) of Jean Lecanuet, candidate in the 1965 presidential election against General de Gaulle.[16][17][18][19] The party became the Centre of Social Democrats (CDS) in 1976, and François Bayrou is considered Lecanue's "scribe".

Bayrou, a member of the Centre of Social Democrats (CDS), the Christian-democratic wing of the Union for French Democracy (UDF) confederation, was elected to the General Council of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in 1982 in the canton of Pau-Sud, then the French National Assembly four years later.[20] After the victory of the RPR/UDF coalition in the 1993 legislative election, he became Education Minister in the cabinet led by Édouard Balladur. In this post, he proposed a reform allowing local authorities to subsidise private schools, which caused massive protests and was quashed by the Constitutional Council.

In 1989, after poor results in both the municipal elections and the European Parliament elections, Bayrou and twelve other centre-right parliamentarians including Philippe Séguin, Michel Noir, Alain Carignon, Étienne Pinte, Michel Barnier, François Fillon, Charles Millon, Dominique Baudis, François d'Aubert, Philippe de Villiers and Bernard Bosson demanded reform of the system at the RPR and the UDF, criticising the most prominent politicians of these parties including former president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and Prime Minister Jacques Chirac. They called for the formation of a new right-wing party to unite the UDF and the RPR into a single entity. Ideological differences between members of this group led to members leaving, though d'Estaing endorsed Bayrou to become UDF general secretary in 1991.[21] With Bernard Bosson and Dominique Baudis, as well as the leadership of the Centre for Social Democrats (CDS), François Bayrou also decided to support the dissident list "The Centre for Europe" in the European elections, led by Simone Veil, against the RPR-UDF union list, led by the former President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing.

Despite supporting Édouard Balladur's candidacy in the 1995 presidential election, Bayrou remained Education Minister following Jacques Chirac's election and the formation of a new government headed by Alain Juppé. Following the majority for the Plural Left in the 1997 legislative election, Bayrou returned to opposition and became president of the UDF in 1998, transforming it into a unified party rather than a union of smaller parties.

Positioning of the UDF as a centrist party: 2002–2007

[edit]

In 2002 François Bayrou rejected proposals to merge the UDF with the Rally for the Republic (RPR), into a new entity that later became the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP). As a result, many UDF members left to join the UMP.

Bayrou was increasingly critical of the direction taken by the UMP-led government, which he described as out of touch with the average Frenchman. He denounced the de facto two-party system, in which the Socialist Party and the RPR (later UMP) alternate. Instead, Bayrou called for a pluralist system in which other parties would also contribute.[22]

On 16 May 2006, Bayrou supported a motion of no confidence sponsored by Socialist deputies calling for the resignation of Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin's government following the Clearstream affair.[23] As de Villepin's UMP had an absolute majority in the National Assembly, the motion failed. Following Bayrou's support for this measure, France's television authority classified him as a member of the parliamentary opposition for timing purposes. However, after Bayrou protested, he was classified as a member of neither the majority nor the opposition.

Second presidential campaign: 2007

[edit]

Bayrou contested the presidency again in 2007. Most commentators had expected the election to be fought primarily between Nicolas Sarkozy and Ségolène Royal of the Parti Socialiste. However, Bayrou's increasing support in polls in February complicated the "Sarko-Ségo" scenario, and led to speculation that the Parti Socialiste candidate would fail to progress to the second round for a second consecutive election, following the defeat of former Prime Minister Lionel Jospin in 2002 by National Front leader Jean Marie Le Pen. Ultimately, Bayrou finished in third place in the election with 18.57% of the vote (6,820,119 votes), behind Sarkozy and Royal, the best performance by the UDF in a presidential election since 1981. Bayrou declared that he could not endorse either Sarkozy or Royal in the second round, although he indicated that Sarkozy was the worse of the two.

Foundation of the Democratic Movement: 2007–2012

[edit]
Bayrou in 2010

After the 2007 election, Bayrou intended to form a new centrist party, the Democratic Movement (MoDem). The majority of UDF politicians did not follow him, and instead formed a rival party, the New Centre, which pledged to support an alliance with the UMP. However, most of the UDF's grassroots membership remained with Bayrou and joined MoDem. In the subsequent legislative elections in June 2007, MoDem came third with 7.6% of the vote. Although an increase on the UDF share of the poll of 4.9% in the 2002 elections, MoDem won only four seats, including Bayrou's own seat. The other parliamentarians elected on the party's list were Jean Lassalle, Thierry Benoit (who has since left the party, to join the New Centre) and Abdoulatifou Aly. The establishment of MoDem led to the formal dismantling of the UDF alliance on 30 November.

Third presidential election: 2012

[edit]
François Bayrou at a meeting in Marseille in April 2012

On 18 August 2011, Bayrou released a book, 2012. Etat d'urgence, in which he discussed how and why the 2008 financial crisis happened, and outlined the top priorities of his next presidential program: production and education.

François Bayrou confirmed his candidacy for the 2012 presidential election on 25 November 2011, in an interview with journalist Laurence Ferrari on her show Parole Directe on TF1.[24]

His supporters included:

Bayrou was eliminated in the first round, receiving around half of his vote share from 2007; he endorsed Socialist François Hollande in the runoff.[29]

2017 presidential election

[edit]

On 22 February 2017, Bayrou stated that he would not contest the 2017 presidential election, instead endorsing the centrist candidate Emmanuel Macron of En Marche!.[30] The alliance surprised French political pundits and rival candidates.[30] Part of the agreement was Macron's commitment to support a clean government law proposed by Bayrou.[30] Bayrou said that France was "at extreme risk", requiring an "exceptional response",[30] adding that the alliance did not mean that MoDem would be subsumed by En Marche![30]

Minister of Justice (2017)

[edit]

On 17 May 2017, Bayrou was appointed as Minister of Justice in the first Philippe government.[31]

Le Canard enchaîné published information that Democratic Movement politician Marielle de Sarnez had been paid for work she had not actually done, embroiling Bayrou in a scandal about fictitious jobs.[32] France Info later reported that MoDem had "over a dozen" fictitious jobs in the European Parliament.[33]

Bayrou resigned several days before the 2017 legislative election, only 35 days after he had taken the post.[34][35] He was found not guilty of those accusations in February 2024.[36]

Later career

[edit]

In September 2020, Bayrou was appointed as high commissioner for planification by Prime minister Jean Castex.[37]

In February 2022, Bayrou created what he calls a "sponsorship bank", joined by a few hundred local officials, willing to give their signatures to candidates for the presidential election struggling to obtain them, even if they represent a large part of the public according to opinion polls,[38] including far-right candidate Marine Le Pen.[38]

Following the appointment of Gabriel Attal as Prime Minister in January 2024, Bayrou stated that he would not be joining the government; he had been widely expected to return to the cabinet after he was acquitted of fraud charges shortly before.[39]

Prime Minister (since 2024)

[edit]
Main article: Bayrou government
See also: 2024–2025 French political crisis
Bayrou meeting European commissionner Jessika Roswall, in January 2025.

On 13 December 2024, following the motion of no confidence that ended Michel Barnier's government, Bayrou was appointed as Prime Minister by Emmanuel Macron.[40][41] The morning of the nomination, Macron reportedly informed Bayrou that he had decided against nominating him, only to revise his position when a furious Bayrou threatened to withdraw his support for the government.[42]

Despite his nomination, Bayrou has pledged to remain in office as Mayor of Pau,[43][44] similarly to Jacques Chirac, who served simultaneously as Prime Minister and Mayor of Paris from 1986 to 1988. Less than a week after his nomination, he faced criticism after flying to Pau on a presidential Falcon 7X jet to attend a session of the municipal council, rather than visiting Mayotte, which had been heavily affected by Cyclone Chido.[45][46][47]

On the same day, during the transfer of power with his predecessor Barnier, Bayrou recalled that he had always warned in his political life about the question of debt and public deficits and affirmed that he was facing a "Himalaya of difficulties".[48][49] He declared that "reconciliation is necessary", quoting the Henry IV of France, from Béarn like him and whose birthday it was.[50]

Bayrou's government was finalized on 23 December, maintaining the goal Bayrou had set of appointing his ministers before Christmas.[51]

On 30 December 2024, Bayrou visited Mayotte with several government members and announced several emergency measures to rebuild the islands' infrastructures and to resolve the local crisis.[52]

On 3 February 2025, Bayrou passed his government's budget for the year after bypassing a vote in the National Assembly through special constitutional powers.[53] This led to two unsuccessful no-confidence motions being launched against him on 5 February[54] and 10 February.[55] He survived another a no-confidence motion filed by the Socialist Party following the failure of negotiations over pension reform on 2 July.[56]

A long-time advocate of proportional representation for legislative elections, in April 2025 he initiated a series of consultations with political parties with a view to preparing a bill on the subject. His initiative met with strong resistance within the government majority, notably from the Republicans – whose president, Bruno Retailleau, threatened to resign from his ministerial duties – and Édouard Philippe's Horizons, who cited a risk of chronic political instability.[57][58] Continuing his action, Bayrou announced that a text on proportional representation would be presented after the budget work, at the end of 2025 or the beginning of 2026, and did not rule out resorting to a referendum to decide the question, standing up to his divergent partners.[59]

On 15 July 2025, Bayrou proposed discontinuing the observance of Easter Monday and V-E Day as public holidays as part of cost-cutting measures under the proposed 2026 budget.[60] At the same time, he made the sustainability of public finances and public debt his priority. In mid-July 2025, during a press conference, he unveiled a strict plan of €43.8 billion in savings to reduce the deficit to 4.6% of GDP in 2026.[61]

Political views

[edit]
François Bayrou in Strasbourg in 2007

Bayrou has been a vocal campaigner on a variety of issues, including reform of the political process, civil liberties, and free software (see DADVSI). During the 2007 presidential election campaign he described the European Union as "the most beautiful construction of all humanity".[62] He called for France to play a greater role in the European Union's affairs, and supports the ratification of a European Constitution, in a more concise and readable form than the one voted down by the French electorate in 2005.[63]

In an interview with The New York Times in 2007, Bayrou said: "I am a democrat, I am a Clintonian, I am a man of the 'third way'".[64] He positioned himself as a centrist, although he has historic ties to the right. His platform emphasises job creation, improvement of educational standards, improved conditions in the troubled suburbs, reduced government spending, a balanced budget and a stronger European Union, with France as its de facto leader. He has also criticized China's protection of the Sudanese government from UN Security Council sanctions. Bayrou was highly critical of the American economic model under George Bush and of the unregulated free market in general. He described the United States economic model as a "survival of the fittest" system, where it was often stated that money was people's only motivation, where higher education was too expensive, and where the middle class was shrinking.[64] Bayrou criticized the Iraq war, saying it was "the cause of chaos" in the region.[64]

François Bayrou in 2009

He criticized Nicolas Sarkozy's foreign policy, including the invitation of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi for a week-long state visit to France and the signing of military cooperation agreements with Libya.

In 2009, he criticized statements by Pope Benedict XVI claiming that condoms promote AIDS on a journey to Cameroon. Bayrou called the remarks "unacceptable", adding that "the primary responsibility, particularly of Christians, is the defence of life...This [Africa] is a continent in which tens of millions of women and men are dying."[65]

He called for France to boycott the 2008 Summer Olympics, due to the poor human rights record in China and political unrest in Tibet. During a rally in Paris on 21 March he said that "if this drama does not stop, France would do itself credit by not coming to the Olympic Games", criticising China's opposition to sanctions against Sudan over its involvement in the humanitarian crisis in Darfur.[66]

Bayrou is fluent in Béarnese and often expresses his support for regionalism.[3]

In July 2025, François Bayrou declared himself in favour of the constitutional bill, providing for the autonomy of Corsica within the Republic.[67][68]

Bétharram scandal and François Bayrou's involvement

[edit]
Main article: Bétharram scandal

The Bétharram scandal refers to a case of child sexual abuse committed within the Catholic congregation of the Bétharram Fathers, as revealed by journalistic investigations. This Catholic congregation is in full communion with Rome and has followed all of the liberal reforms of the clergy. The abuses spanned several decades and involved clergy members operating in various schools and shelters linked to the institution. François Bayrou is accused of deliberately ignoring reports of child abuse, defending an institution accused of systemic violence, and helping to obstruct the work of whistleblowers and journalists.[69][70][71]

In April 2025, Bayrou's daughter Hélène Perlant said that a senior priest at Notre-Dame de Bétharram had beaten her publicly in the 1980s when she was 14, but that she had not told Bayrou, adding "Bétharram was organised like a sect or a totalitarian regime putting psychological pressure on pupils and teachers so they stayed silent." Two hundred legal complaints have been filed since February 2024 alleging physical or sexual abuse by priests and staff at Bétharram from 1957 to 2004, including an allegation of group rape committed by two priests. Some complaints led to charges; others have passed the time limit for prosecution.[72][73]

References

[edit]
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  4. ^ "François Bayrou à 12 ans". SudOuest.fr. August 2010. Archived from the original on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
  5. ^ Pascuito, Bernard; Biscaye, Olivier (2017). Les Politiques aussi ont une mère: Fillon, Le Pen, Mélenchon, Bayrou, Valls, Macron, Le Maire, Sarkozy... Secrets de famille (in French). Albin Michel. ISBN 978-2-226-42294-1.
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  54. ^ "France's government survives a no-confidence vote and a budget is finally adopted". AP News. 4 February 2025. Archived from the original on 6 February 2025. Retrieved 6 February 2025.
  55. ^ "French PM François Bayrou survives another no-confidence vote over social security budget". France 24. 10 February 2025. Archived from the original on 10 February 2025. Retrieved 11 February 2025.
  56. ^ "French PM Bayrou survives latest no-confidence motion". France 24. 2 July 2025. Archived from the original on 2 July 2025. Retrieved 2 July 2025.
  57. ^ "Bruno Retailleau redit son opposition « très ferme » au scrutin proportionnel souhaité par François Bayrou". Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on 2 June 2025.
  58. ^ "Proportionnelle : la droite dégaine des projections destructrices pour le bloc central". Le Figaro (in French). Archived from the original on 12 June 2025.
  59. ^ "Proportionnelle : Bayrou affirme sur RTL qu'il y a "une majorité" et promet un texte pour la fin d'année ou début 2026". www.rtl.fr (in French). 29 June 2025. Archived from the original on 29 June 2025.
  60. ^ "France in revolt over PM's proposition to abolish two public holidays as part of budget cuts". France 24. 16 July 2025. Archived from the original on 16 July 2025. Retrieved 16 July 2025.
  61. ^ "Budget : François Bayrou abandonne la transition écologique". Reporterre (in French). 16 July 2025. Archived from the original on 16 July 2025.
  62. ^ Wall Street Journal, 23 February 2007
  63. ^ "François Bayrou: "L'Europe, c'est pas fait pour être mini"". Euronews. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 16 March 2007.
  64. ^ a b c Sciolino, Elaine. "A 'Neither/Nor' Candidate for President Alters the French Political Landscape", The New York Times (8 March 2007)
  65. ^ "Le pape continue de choquer". Le Parisien. 19 March 2009. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2010.
  66. ^ "Reuters AlertNet – Call for Olympic boycott stirs up pre-poll France". Alertnet.org. 22 March 2007. Archived from the original on 1 July 2007. Retrieved 13 June 2010.
  67. ^ "Statut de la Corse : François Bayrou se dit "favorable" au projet constitutionnel initial, sans tenir compte de l'avis du Conseil d'Etat" [Status of Corsica: François Bayrou declares himself "favorable" to the initial constitutional bill, without taking into account the opinion of the Council of State]. 25 July 2025. Archived from the original on 25 July 2025. Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  68. ^ "François Bayrou, un été sous le soleil de Matignon". Le Monde (in French). 28 July 2025. Archived from the original on 28 July 2025. Retrieved 30 July 2025.
  69. ^ Antton Rouget; David Perrotin (5 February 2025). "Viols sur mineurs à Bétharram : les mensonges de Bayrou pour défendre une institution catholique". Mediapart (in French). Archived from the original on 5 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
  70. ^ Antton Rouget; David Perrotin (21 February 2025). "Bétharram : le gouvernement s'attaque désormais à la lanceuse d'alerte". Mediapart (in French). Archived from the original on 21 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
  71. ^ Mathieu, Mathilde (15 February 2025). "Affaire Bétharram, réforme de la justice : la République contre ses enfants". Mediapart (in French). Archived from the original on 15 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
  72. ^ Chrisafis, Angelique (23 April 2025). "French PM's daughter says she was brutally beaten at scandal-hit school". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 23 April 2025. Retrieved 23 April 2025.
  73. ^ Astier, Henri (23 April 2025). "French PM Bayrou stunned as daughter reveals abuse at Bétharram school". BBC News. Archived from the original on 23 April 2025.

Bibliography

[edit]

Bayrou is the sole author unless other names are mentioned.

  • La Décennie des mal-appris. [Paris]: Flammarion. 1990. ISBN 2-08-066472-7., subject(s): Enseignement—Réforme—France—1970–, Éducation et État—France—1970–.
  • Le roi libre. [Paris]: Flammarion. 1994. ISBN 2-08-066821-8. le Grand livre du mois 1994, subject(s): Henri IV (roi de France ; 1553–1610) – Biographies, France—1589–1610 (Henri IV).
  • Le roi libre. Paris: France loisirs. 1995. ISBN 2-7242-8944-7.
  • Letamendia, Pierre (1995). Le Mouvement républicain populaire : le MRP : histoire d'un grand parti français. Paris: Beauchesne. ISBN 2-7010-1327-5., preface by François Bayrou.
  • Le droit au sens. Paris: Flammarion. 1996. ISBN 2-08-067204-5., le Grand livre du mois 1996, subject(s): Politique et éducation—France—1990–, France—Conditions sociales—1981–.
  • Gelly, Violaine (1996). François Bayrou : portrait. [Étrépilly]: Bartillat. ISBN 2-84100-048-6.
  • Le roi libre. Paris: Éd. J'ai lu. 1996. ISBN 2-277-24183-0., series: J'ai lu 4183.
  • Michelland, Antoine; Séguy, Philippe (1996). François Bayrou : "et si la Providence veut". Monaco ; [Paris]: Éd. du Rocher. ISBN 2-268-02400-8.
  • France. Ministère de l'éducation nationale, de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche (1995–1997) (c. 1996). Les États généraux de l'Université. Paris: ONISEP.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link), preface by François Bayrou.
  • France. Ministère de l'éducation nationale, de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche (1995–1997) (1996). Les États généraux de l'Université : intervention de François Bayrou, ministre de l'éducation nationale, de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche, Grand amphithéâtre de la Sorbonne, 18 juin 1996. [Paris]: [Ministère de l'éducation nationale, de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche].{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Saint-louis. [Paris]: Flammarion. 1997. ISBN 2-08-067208-8.
  • Henri IV. [Paris]: Perrin jeunesse. 1998. ISBN 2-262-01301-2., subject(s): Henri IV (roi de France ; 1553–1610 ) – Ouvrages pour la jeunesse.
  • Ils portaient l'écharpe blanche : l'aventure des premiers réformés, des Guerres de religion à l'édit de Nantes, de la Révocation à la Révolution. Paris: B. Grasset. 1998. ISBN 2-246-55981-2.
  • Henri IV : le roi libre. [Paris]: Flammarion. 1999. ISBN 2-08-067725-X., le Grand livre du mois 1999.
  • Bayrou, François; Pierre-Brossolette, Sylvie (1999). Hors des sentiers battus : entretiens avec Sylvie Pierre-Brossolette. Paris: Hachette littératures. ISBN 2-01-235258-8.
  • Ils portaient l'écharpe blanche : l'aventure des premiers réformés, des Guerres de religion à l'édit de Nantes, de la Révocation à la Révolution. Paris: Librairie générale française. 2000. ISBN 2-253-14779-6., series: Le livre de poche 14779.
  • Chaline, Nadine-Josette (2000). Jean Lecanuet. Paris: Beauchesne. ISBN 2-7010-1405-0., "témoignages de François Bayrou et de Dominique Baudis", series: Politiques & chrétiens 16.
  • François Bayrou, Qui êtes-vous ? Que proposez-vous ?. [Paris]: Archipel. 2001. ISBN 2-84187-283-1., series: L'Info. Citoyenne.
  • Relève. [Paris]: Grasset. 2001. ISBN 2-246-61821-5.
  • Oui : Plaidoyer pour la Constitution européenne. [Paris]: Plon. 2005. ISBN 2-259-20183-0.
  • Au nom du Tiers-État. [Paris]: Hachette. October 2006. ISBN 2-01-237250-3.
  • Projet d'Espoir. [Paris]: Plon. March 2007. ISBN 978-2-259-20162-9.
  • Abus de pouvoir, [Paris] Plon, 2009 ISBN 978-2-259-20876-5
  • 2012, Etat d'urgence, [Paris] Plon, 2011 ISBN 978-2-259-21661-6
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to François Bayrou.
Political offices
Preceded by Minister of National Education
1993–1997 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice
2017 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of France
2024–present 		Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by Leader of the Union for French Democracy
1998–2007 		Position abolished
New office Leader of the Democratic Movement
2007–present 		Incumbent
Order of precedence
Preceded byas President of the Republic Order of precedence in France
Prime Minister 		Succeeded byas President of the Senate