Hasandong Formation
Hasandong Formation | |
---|---|
Stratigraphic range: Aptian-Albian ~118.0–112.4 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N | |
Type | Geological formation |
Unit of | Shindong Group |
Underlies | Jinju Formation |
Overlies | Nakdong Formation |
Thickness | 1200 metres |
Lithology | |
Primary | Mudstone |
Other | Shale, sandstone |
Location | |
Coordinates | Hasandong Formation (South Korea) |
The Hasandong Formation (Korean: 하산동층; Hanja: 霞山洞層; RR: Hasandong-cheung) is an Early Cretaceous (Aptian to Albian) geologic formation in South Korea. It has been dated to the late Aptian and earliest Albian, between 118.0 ± 2.6 Ma and 112.4 ± 1.3 Ma.[1] Dinosaur remains have been discovered from this formation, though no genus is considered valid as of 2016.[2] Other reptiles from the formation include the adocid turtle Proadocus and possibly the pterosaur Dsungaripterus.[3][4][5]
Fossil content
Invertebrate fossils
Few fragments of insects have been discovered from the formation.[6]
Molluscs
Molluscs reported from the Hasandong Formation[5] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
Plicatounio | P. naktongensis | |||||
P. okjuni | ||||||
P. yooni | ||||||
Nagdongia | N. soni | |||||
Trigonioides | T. jaehoi | |||||
T. kodairai | ||||||
T. tamurai | ||||||
Brotiopsis | B. kobayashii | |||||
B. naktongensis | ||||||
B. ryohoriensis | ||||||
B. wakinoensis | ||||||
Viviparus[7] | V. sp. | Architaenioglossan gastropod, probably V. keishoensis | ||||
Probaicalia | P. katoensis[8] | Hydrobiidae gastropod; species previously assigned to the genus Micromelania |
Ostracods
Ostracod carapaces have been discovered from the formation.[6]
Ostracods reported from the Hasandong Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
Cypridea | C. cf. trita[9][10] |
Vertebrate fossils
Actinopterygii
Ray-finned fish reported from the Hasandong Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
Sinamia[11] | S. sp. | Partial Skeleton | ||||
Lepidotes[6] | L. sp. | Partial Skeleton |
Testudines
Shell fragments of testudines have been discovered.
Turtles reported from the Hasandong Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
Proadocus[3] | P. hadongensis | Partial Skeleton | Adocid turtle |
Crocodylomorpha
Several teeth remains have been reported but are not assigned to the specific clade.[12]
Crocodylomorphs reported from the Hasandong Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
"Hadongsuchus"[13] | "H. acerdentis" | Skull | nomen nudum |
Pterosaurs
Pterosaurs reported from the Hasandong Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
Pterodactyloidea[14][15][16] | Indeterminate | Teeth and a partial second wing phalanx | Dental remains belong to either Boreopteridae or Anhanguerian | |||
Dsungaripterus | D.? cf. D. weii[4][5] | Incomplete wing phalanx belonging to Dsungaripteridae[17][18] |
Dinosaurs
Several indeterminate theropod teeth remains have been reported.[19]
Dinosaurs reported from the Hasandong Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
Carcharodontosauridae[20][21] | Indeterminate | Teeth | Some dental remains show similarities with Acrocanthosaurus | |||
Hadrosauroidea[22] | Indeterminate | Tooth | ||||
Titanosauriformes[23][24][25] | Indeterminate | A partial skeleton and several teeth showing different morphotypes | Includes Chiayusaurus lacustris and Pukyongosaurus milleniumi, both of which are nomen dubium | |||
Tyrannosauroidea[26] | Indeterminate | Tooth, estimated crown length ~18mm |
Eggs
Unnamed dinosaur egg fossils have been reported.[27]
Eggs reported from the Hasandong Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
Testudoolithus[6] | T. aff. curiosa | Turtle eggs |
Ichnofossils
Tracks of theropods, sauropods and ornithopods have been discovered from the formation.[6][28]
Ichnofossils reported from the Hasandong Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
Pteraichnus[29] | P. koreanensis | Pterosaur tracks | ||||
Sauripes[30] | S. hadongensis | The oldest lizard tracks showing bipedalism | ||||
Diplocraterion[31] | D. luniforme | |||||
Beaconites | B. coronus[28] | |||||
Circulichnus | C. montanus[28] | |||||
Cochlichnus | C. anguineus[28] | |||||
Chondrites | C. isp.[28] | |||||
Helminthopsis | H. abeli & H. hieroglyphica[28] | |||||
Laevicyclus | L. isp.[28] | |||||
Planolites | P. annularius, P. beverleyensis & P. montanus[28] | |||||
Skolithos | S. magnus, S. verticalis & S. isp.[28] | |||||
Spirodesmos | S. isp.[28] | |||||
Taenidium | T. barretti[28] | |||||
Thalassinoides | T. paradoxicus & T. suevicus[28] |
Paleoflora
Consists of 6 genera and 9 species. The assemblage of plant fossils from the Hasandong represents the 'mixed' type of Tetori-type and Ryoseki-type flora.
Plants reported from the Hasandong Formation[32] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
Brachyphyllum | B. japonicum | Araucariaceae conifer | ||||
Cladophlebis | C. denticulata | |||||
C. (Eboracia?) lobifolia | ||||||
C. (Klukia?) koraiensis | ||||||
C. shinshuensis | ||||||
Elatocladus | E. tennerima | Conifer with an unknown systematic position | ||||
Onychiopsis | O. elongata | Leptosporangiate fern | ||||
Taeniopteris | T.? sp. cf. T. auriculata | The specific systematic position of this form genus is unknown. | ||||
Thallites | T. yabei | Liverwort |
Photo
- 35°00′15.8″N 127°55′16.7″E / 35.004389°N 127.921306°E / 35.004389; 127.921306
- 35°00′15.7″N 127°55′17.7″E / 35.004361°N 127.921583°E / 35.004361; 127.921583
- 34°59′59.6″N 127°55′08.2″E / 34.999889°N 127.918944°E / 34.999889; 127.918944
- 35°00′02.8″N 127°55′10.0″E / 35.000778°N 127.919444°E / 35.000778; 127.919444
- Ripple Marks 35°00′02.0″N 127°55′09.6″E / 35.000556°N 127.919333°E / 35.000556; 127.919333
- Normal Faults 34°59′59.6″N 127°55′08.1″E / 34.999889°N 127.918917°E / 34.999889; 127.918917
- 34°59′59.7″N 127°55′08.1″E / 34.999917°N 127.918917°E / 34.999917; 127.918917
- 34°59′23.9″N 127°55′09.1″E / 34.989972°N 127.919194°E / 34.989972; 127.919194
- 34°57′31.2″N 127°53′52.6″E / 34.958667°N 127.897944°E / 34.958667; 127.897944
- 34°57′32.9″N 127°53′53.8″E / 34.959139°N 127.898278°E / 34.959139; 127.898278
- 34°57′33.8″N 127°53′53.9″E / 34.959389°N 127.898306°E / 34.959389; 127.898306
- 34°57′33.8″N 127°53′53.9″E / 34.959389°N 127.898306°E / 34.959389; 127.898306
- 34°57′34.1″N 127°53′53.8″E / 34.959472°N 127.898278°E / 34.959472; 127.898278
- 34°57′29.6″N 127°53′41.0″E / 34.958222°N 127.894722°E / 34.958222; 127.894722
- 34°57′29.3″N 127°53′39.9″E / 34.958139°N 127.894417°E / 34.958139; 127.894417
- 34°57′27.3″N 127°53′43.0″E / 34.957583°N 127.895278°E / 34.957583; 127.895278
- 34°57′27.4″N 127°53′43.0″E / 34.957611°N 127.895278°E / 34.957611; 127.895278
- 34°57′27.0″N 127°53′43.1″E / 34.957500°N 127.895306°E / 34.957500; 127.895306
- 34°56′50.8″N 127°51′08.1″E / 34.947444°N 127.852250°E / 34.947444; 127.852250
- Corss-bedding 34°56′50.9″N 127°51′08.5″E / 34.947472°N 127.852361°E / 34.947472; 127.852361
- 34°56′50.6″N 127°51′08.7″E / 34.947389°N 127.852417°E / 34.947389; 127.852417
- Corss-bedding 34°56′50.9″N 127°51′08.5″E / 34.947472°N 127.852361°E / 34.947472; 127.852361
- Corss-bedding 34°56′51.0″N 127°51′08.7″E / 34.947500°N 127.852417°E / 34.947500; 127.852417
-
34°56′51.1″N 127°51′08.3″E / 34.947528°N 127.852306°E / 34.947528; 127.852306 - 34°56′51.6″N 127°51′08.5″E / 34.947667°N 127.852361°E / 34.947667; 127.852361
- 34°57′28.2″N 127°48′37.1″E / 34.957833°N 127.810306°E / 34.957833; 127.810306
See also
References
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Bibliography
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