ICD-10
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision | |
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Abbreviation | ICD-10 |
---|---|
Status | Active |
Year started | 1983 |
First published | 1994 |
Preview version | 1990 |
Organization | World Health Organization |
Domain | Medical classification |
Website | icd |
ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases.[1] Work on ICD-10 began in 1983,[2] became endorsed by the Forty-third World Health Assembly in 1990, and was first used by member states in 1994.[1] It was replaced by ICD-11 on January 1, 2022.[3][4]
While WHO manages and publishes the base version of the ICD, several member states have modified it to better suit their needs. In the base classification, the code set allows for more than 14,000 different codes[5] and permits the tracking of many new diagnoses compared to the preceding ICD-9. Through the use of optional sub-classifications, ICD-10 allows for specificity regarding the cause, manifestation, location, severity, and type of injury or disease.[6] The adapted versions may differ in a number of ways, and some national editions have expanded the code set even further; with some going so far as to add procedure codes. ICD-10-CM, for example, has over 70,000 codes.[7]
The WHO provides detailed information regarding the ICD via its website – including an ICD-10 online browser[8] and ICD training materials.[9] The online training includes a support forum, a self-learning tool[9] and user guide.[10]
Chapters
The following table lists the chapter number (using Roman numerals), the code range of each chapter, and the chapter's title from the international version of the ICD-10.[11]
Chapter | Block | Title |
---|---|---|
I | A00–B99 | Certain infectious and parasitic diseases |
II | C00–D48 | Neoplasms |
III | D50–D89 | Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism |
IV | E00–E90 | Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases |
V | F00–F99 | Mental and behavioural disorders |
VI | G00–G99 | Diseases of the nervous system |
VII | H00–H59 | Diseases of the eye and adnexa |
VIII | H60–H95 | Diseases of the ear and mastoid process |
IX | I00–I99 | Diseases of the circulatory system |
X | J00–J99 | Diseases of the respiratory system |
XI | K00–K93 | Diseases of the digestive system |
XII | L00–L99 | Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue |
XIII | M00–M99 | Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue |
XIV | N00–N99 | Diseases of the genitourinary system |
XV | O00–O99 | Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium |
XVI | P00–P96 | Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period |
XVII | Q00–Q99 | Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities |
XVIII | R00–R99 | Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified |
XIX | S00–T98 | Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes |
XX | V01–Y98 | External causes of morbidity and mortality |
XXI | Z00–Z99 | Factors influencing health status and contact with health services |
XXII | U00–U99 | Codes for special purposes |
National adoptions
Approximately 27[12][13] countries use ICD-10 for reimbursement and resource allocation in their health system, and some have made modifications to ICD to better accommodate its utility. The unchanged international version of ICD-10 is used in 117 countries for performing cause of death reporting and statistics.[1]
The national versions may differ from the base classification in the level of detail, incomplete adoption of a category,[14] or the addition of procedure codes.
Switzerland
In Switzerland, the German Modification (ICD-10-GM) is used for coding diagnoses. The Federal Statistical Office (FSO) of Switzerland publishes the ICD-10-GM in French and Italian every two years [15][16].
Australia
Introduced in 1998, ICD-10 Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM) was developed by the National Centre for Classification in Health at the University of Sydney.[17] It is currently maintained by the Australian Consortium for Classification Development.[18]
ICD-10-AM has also been adopted by New Zealand,[19] Ireland,[20] Saudi Arabia[21] and several other countries.[22]
Brazil
Brazil introduced ICD-10 in 1996.[23]
Greece
Greece introduced ICD-10 on December 23, 2023. The Greek DRG (Gr-DRG) system is based on the Greek modification of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, based on the 2013 German Amendment of ICD-10 (ICD-10-GM), and a systematic catalog of codes of medical procedures called Greek Medical Procedure Classification (GMPC), based on corresponding international procedural classification. [24]
Canada
Canada began using ICD-10 for mortality reporting in 2000.[25] A six-year, phased implementation of ICD-10-CA for morbidity reporting began in 2001.[26] It was staggered across Canada's ten provinces, with Quebec the last to make the switch.[26]
ICD-10-CA is available in both English- and French-language versions.[25]
China
China adopted ICD-10 in 2002.[27]
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic adopted ICD-10 in 1994, one year after its official release by WHO.[28] Revisions to the international edition are adopted continuously.[29][30] The official Czech translation of ICD-10 2016 10th Revision was published in 2018.[28]
Denmark
ICD-10 was first introduced into the psychiatric health service system on 1 January 1994.[31]
Estonia
Estonia adopted ICD-10 from January 1, 1997, via a ministerial degree.[32] However, chapter V "Mental and behavioural disorders" had already been in use from January 1, 1994, also via a ministerial degree.[33]
France
France introduced a clinical addendum to ICD-10 in 1997.[34] See also website of the ATIH.
Germany
Germany's ICD-10 German Modification (ICD-10-GM) is based on ICD-10-AM.[22] ICD-10-GM was developed between 2003 and 2004, by the German Institute for Medical Documentation and Information.[22]
Hungary
Hungary introduced the use of ICD-10 from January 1, 1996, via a ministerial decree.[35]
Korea
A Korean modification has existed since 2008.[36]
Netherlands
The Dutch translation of ICD-10 is ICD10-nl, which was created by the WHO-FIC Network in 1994.[37] There is an online dictionary.[38]
Russia
The Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation ordered in 1997 to transfer all health organizations to ICD-10.[39]
South Africa
ICD-10 was implemented in July 2005 under the auspice of the National ICD-10 Implementation Task Team which is a joint task team between the National Department of Health and the Council for Medical Schemes.[40]
Sweden
The current Swedish translation of ICD-10 was created in 1997.[31]
Thailand
The ICD-10-TM (Thai Modification) is a Thai language version based on the 2016 ICD-10.[41] An unusual feature of the index of ICD-10-TM is that it is bilingual, containing both Thai and English trails.[42]
United Kingdom
ICD-10 was first mandated for use in the UK in 1995.[43] In 2010 the UK Government made a commitment to update the UK version of ICD-10 every three years.[44] On 1 April 2016, following a year's delay,[44] ICD-10 5th Edition[note 1] replaced the 4th Edition as the mandated diagnostic classification within the UK,[45] and remains the current version for use within the UK.[46]
United States
For disease reporting, the US utilizes its own national variant of ICD-10 called the ICD-10 Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM).[47] A procedural classification called ICD-10 Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-PCS)[note 2] has also been developed for capturing inpatient procedures.[47] The ICD-10-CM and ICD-10-PCS were developed by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS).[47][48] There are over 70,000 ICD-10-PCS procedure codes and over 69,000 ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes, compared to about 3,800 procedure codes and roughly 14,000 diagnosis codes found in the previous ICD-9-CM.[7]
There was much controversy when the transition from the ICD-9-CM to the ICD-10-CM was first announced in the US. Many providers were concerned about the vast number of codes being added, the complexity of the new coding system, and the costs associated with the transition.[49] The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) weighed these concerns against the benefits of having more accurate data collection, clearer documentation of diagnoses and procedures, and more accurate claims processing.[49] CMS decided the financial and public health cost associated with continuing to use the ICD-9-CM was too high and mandated the switch to ICD-10-CM.[49]
The deadline for the United States to begin using ICD-10-CM for diagnosis coding and Procedure Coding System ICD-10-PCS for inpatient hospital procedure coding was set at October 1, 2015,[50][51] a year later than the previous 2014 deadline.[52] Before the 2014 deadline, the previous deadline had been a year before that on October 1, 2013.[53][54] All HIPAA "covered entities" were required to make the change; a pre-requisite to ICD-10-CM is the adoption of EDI Version 5010 by January 1, 2012.[citation needed] Enforcement of 5010 transition by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), however, was postponed by CMS until March 31, 2012, with the federal agency citing numerous factors, including slow software upgrades.[55] The implementation of ICD-10-CM has been subject to previous delays. In January 2009, the date was pushed back to October 1, 2013, rather than an earlier proposal of October 1, 2011.[56]
Two common complaints in the United States about the ICD-10-CM are 1) the long list of potentially relevant codes for a given condition (such as rheumatoid arthritis) which can be confusing and reduce efficiency and 2) the assigned codes for seldom seen conditions (e.g. W55.22XA: Struck by cow, initial encounter; and V91.07XA: Burn due to water-skis on fire, initial encounter).[57][58]
Criticism
The expansion of healthcare delivery systems and changes in global health trends prompted a need for codes with improved clinical accuracy and specificity.[48] The alphanumeric coding in ICD-10 is an improvement from ICD-9 which had a limited number of codes and a restrictive structure.[48] Early concerns in the implementation of ICD-10 included the cost and the availability of resources for training healthcare workers and professional coders.[59]
See also
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, used in psychiatry
- DSM-5: its current version
Notes
- ^ The numbering system of editions only refers to those used in the UK; not those issued by WHO. For example, whilst the 5th edition is based on ICD-10 version:2016, the 4th edition was based on the version from 2010 (skipping the versions of ICD-10 from 2014 and 2015).
- ^ Although named ICD-10-PCS, this volume is not based on any of the WHO-FIC publications.
References
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- ^ National Clinical Coding Standards ICD-10 5th Edition (2017). NHS Digital Clinical Classification Services. April 2017. p. 200.
- ^ Office, Federal Statistical (2020-11-13). "ICD-10-GM 2020: alphabetic index". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
- ^ Office, Federal Statistical (2020-10-30). "ICD-10-GM 2020: systematic index". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
- ^ "ICD-10-AM/ACHI/ACS: Australian Consortium for Classification Development". Australian Consortium for Classification Development. Archived from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
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- ^ "Irish Coding Standards Version 9" (PDF). Healthcare Pricing Office. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
- ^ الصحة, فريق بوابة وزارة. "ICD-10-AM - Introduction". www.moh.gov.sa. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
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- ^ a b Walker, Robin L.; Hennessy, Deirdre A.; Johansen, Helen; Sambell, Christie; Lix, Lisa; Quan, Hude (10 June 2012). "Implementation of ICD-10 in Canada: how has it impacted coded hospital discharge data?". BMC Health Services Research. 12: 149. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-12-149. PMC 3411494. PMID 22682405.
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- ^ a b "MKN Mezinárodní statistická klasifikace nemocí a přidružených zdravotních problémů" [International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems]. uzis.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 26 April 2019.
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- ^ Sotsiaalministri 16.01.1996 käskkiri nr 5 "Rahvusvahelise Haiguste Klassifikatsiooni RHK-10 kasutuselevõtmine. Rahvusarhiiv, ERA.5276.1.62
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- ^ Council for Medical Schemes (March 2009), South African ICD-10 Coding Standards (PDF), Republic of South Africa Department of Health, Version 3, retrieved 2016-01-24
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{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) 77 FR 54664 of 5 September 2012. 77 FR 60629 of 4 October 2012. - ^ "International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM)". National Center for Health Statistics. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). December 20, 2010.
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- ^ "Physicians Get Grace Period from CMS on HIPAA 5010 Enforcement" Archived 2012-05-16 at the Wayback Machine. Physicians Practice. November 18, 2011
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- ^ "ICD-10: An Ode to Code - The Rheumatologist". The-rheumatologist.org. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
- ^ Manchikanti, Laxmaiah; Kaye, Alan D.; Singh, Vijay; Boswell, Mark V. (2015). "The Tragedy of the Implementation of ICD-10-CM as ICD-10: Is the Cart Before the Horse or Is There a Tragic Paradox of Misinformation and Ignorance?". Pain Physician. 18 (4): E485–495. doi:10.36076/ppj.2015/18/E485. ISSN 2150-1149. PMID 26218946.
- ^ Association, American Hospital (2003-09-23). "ICD-10-CM Field Testing Project: Report on Findings: Perceptions, Ideas and Recommendations from Coding Professionals Across the Nation". ICD-10-CM Field Testing Project: Report on Findings: Perceptions, Ideas and Recommendations from Coding Professionals Across the Nation / AHIMA, American Health Information Management Association. American Hospital Association; AHIMA.
External links
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ICD-10-CM (P4229) (see uses)
- Official website
- ICD-10 online browser (WHO)
- ICD-10 online training direct access (WHO)
- ICD-11 Home Page
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