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Kàngrì

Kàngrì (Chinese: 抗日; Wade–Giles: kʻang4jih4; lit. 'resist Japan'; Korean: 항일; RR: hangil)[1][2][3][4] is a Chinese word, which means "resisting Japan", in the context of resisting Japanese imperialism Kàngrì may be translated as "anti-Japan",[5] though it is distinct from fǎnrì (Chinese: 反日; Wade–Giles: fan3jih4; lit. 'anti-Japan'; Korean: 반일; RR: banil),[1] which refers to more general anti-Japanese sentiment.

Kàngrì is deeply related to the post-colonial East Asia, such as China and Korea; especially Second Sino-Japanese War (中國抗日戰爭; 'War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression') and Korean independence movement (항일운동; 抗日運動; lit. Movement to Resistance against Japan).[1]

Similar terms

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In Taiwan, the word kàngzhōng (Chinese: 抗中; Wade–Giles: kʻang4chung1) is used in the context of "resisting Chinese imperialism", which is related to the Taiwan independence movement.[6]

See also

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Look up 抗日 in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

References

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  1. ^ a b c Leo T. S. Ching (June 28, 2019). Anti-Japan: The Politics of Sentiment in Postcolonial East Asia. Duke University Press. p. 1991. To begin, we need to distinguish at least two forms of anti- Japanism: "resist-Japan" (抗日) and "anti-Japan" (反日) in East Asia. "Resist Japan" is widely used in mainland China and the Sinophone world to convey the efforts and success of Chinese struggle against Japanese imperialism, especially during the eight-year "war of resistance" (1937-45)
  2. ^ Joseph W. Esherick (February 22, 2022). Accidental Holy Land: The Communist Revolution in Northwest China. University of California Press. p. 72. In 1932, the Comintern held that all the imperialist powers were threatening China, not just Japan. For this reason the guerrilla group in Shaanbei was called the Anti-Imperialist (fandi反帝) Alliance, not the Resist-Japan (Kang-Ri 抗日) Alliance, as some would later call it.
  3. ^ Jonathan Henshaw; Craig A. Smith; Norman Smith (February 15, 2021). Translating the Occupation: The Japanese Invasion of China, 1931–45. UBC Press. p. 448. KangRi 抗日 (Resist Japan)
  4. ^ 中央编译局：“抗日”不宜译成“anti-Japanese”. Chinanews (in Chinese). 2015-08-20. 我们认为，，除在特殊语境，"抗日"不宜译成"anti-Japanese"。首先，英文"anti-Japanese"是"反对日本""反对日本人"的意思，并不包含"侵略"等信息。如果将"抗日"译为"anti-Japanese"，国外读者自然就会把所有与此相关的表述都理解为"反对日本人"，而不是反抗日本侵略者，如"抗日民族统一战线""抗日根据地""抗日救亡运动"等，都会被理解为"反对日本人"，而不是正义的"反抗侵略"的活动。
    其次，英文前缀"anti-"(即"反")后面加上民族或人民构成的复合词(如"anti-American" "anti-Chinese"等)，经常与非理性的、情绪化的事件或行为搭配，如"anti-Japanese protest"(反日游行)、"anti-Japanese flag burning"(反日焚烧日本国旗)等。
    我们建议，"抗日"可以采用两种译法：resistance against Japanese aggression或者counter-Japanese。
    译法1：resistance against Japanese aggression或者resistance
    与"anti-Japanese"不同，"resistance"(反抗)包含着非常正面的内涵，一看便知指的是"反抗侵略"。例如，"中国人民抗日战争"，翻译为"the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression"，国外读者可以很清楚地看到哪一方是侵略者，哪一方是正义方。而在世界反法西斯战争期间，其他同盟国开展的各种反法西斯、反纳粹活动，英语的表述也经常用"resistance"。因此，将"抗日"一词译为"resistance"，跟其他同盟国用同样的术语，有利于加强外国读者眼中中国作为同盟国重要成员、维护世界正义力量的形象。
    译法2：counter-Japanese
    与"resistance"相似，"counter-Japanese"一词也意味着对方的行为发生在先，己方行为是应对性质的，如"counter-attack"(反攻)。因而该译法能够表明抗击的对象是侵略行为，而不是日本民族。此外，该译法比"resistance against Japanese aggression"更简短，所以在部分语境里比前者用起来更加灵活，如"counter-Japanese guerrilla force"(抗日游击队)等。
  5. ^ Minjung Sŏrim. Pʻyŏnjipkuk, 민중서림. 편집국 (1997). 엣센스 韓英辭典. Minjung Sŏrim. p. 2144. 항일 (抗日) anti-Japan; resistance to Japan
  6. ^ "讓全球綠黨的願景在台灣實現, 守護公平正義的最佳第三勢力". The News Lens. 27 December 2019. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2023. 台灣綠黨是最早表態支持蔡總統連任的小黨, 護台抗中、反紅禦韓的立場鮮明, 頻頻出戰, 讓綠黨被對手批評是小綠、側翼, 甚至還被柯文哲羞辱是比皇帝還著急的太監.
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