Liberal Party of Switzerland

The Liberal Party of Switzerland (German: Liberale Partei der Schweiz) or Swiss Liberal Party (French: Parti libéral suisse; Italian: Partito Liberale Svizzero; Romansh: Partida liberala svizra) was a political party in Switzerland with economically liberal policies. It was known as a party of the upper class. On 1 January 2009 it merged with the larger Free Democratic Party (FDP/PRD) to form FDP.The Liberals.

It was strongest in the Protestant cantons in Romandy, particularly in Geneva, Vaud and Neuchâtel. In contrast, the ideologically similar FDP was successful nationwide. The Liberal Party was a member of Liberal International.

Founded in 1913, the Liberal Party initially had sections in Zürich, Schaffhausen, Fribourg, Grisons, and Bern, in addition to Romandy.^[1] However, most of its sections were dissolved during the First World War, and by 1919 the party was confined to four cantons (Geneva, Vaud, Neuchâtel and Basel-City).^[1] In the 1960s, the Liberal Party tried to expand its influence beyond the four cantons, renaming itself the "Liberal-Democratic Union" from 1961 to 1977 in order to attract members from other regions.^[1] Although, since 1976, a Valais section had occupied a small place in the cantonal government, the party performed poorly in Basel-Country, Fribourg, Bern, Zurich.^[1] For many years it was the largest party not represented in the Federal Council.^[1] Gustave Ador, in office from 1917 to 1919, was the Liberal Party's only federal councilor.^[1]

The party formed a parliamentary group with the Evangelical People's Party from 1971 to 1979.^[1] After cooperating with moderate elements of the Swiss People's Party since 2000, the Liberal Party had a joint slate with the Free Democratic Party in the 2003 federal election.^[1] The party was the junior partner of the faction, with only 2.2% of the vote compared with the FDP's 17.3%. However, in their strongholds of the cantons of Romandy and the canton of Basel-City, they were particularly successful. Their best performance was in Geneva, where they received 16.8% of the vote. It won 4 seats (out of 200) in the National Council, but was represented in neither the Council of States nor in the Federal Council, the government's cabinet.

After the election, the Liberals and FDP founded a common caucus in the Federal Assembly. In June 2005, they strengthened their cooperation by founding the Radical and Liberal Union.^[2] They finally merged on 1 January 2009 with the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland to form the "FDP.The Liberals".

The Liberal Party was committed to federalism and anti-statism, emphasizing individual responsibility.^[1] While it was in favor of support for agriculture, the party believed that regional planning should not interfere with municipal autonomy or private property.^[1] Its supporters were mainly drawn from the agricultural sector (especially winegrowers), industrial entrepreneurs, and the intelligentsia.^[1] The party's leaders often came from the Zofingen student society and were close to employers' organisations.^[1] Historically, it also had a strong Protestant influence.^[1]

The Liberal Party often adopted different positions from other upper-class political parties: it did not support the creation of old-age and survivors insurance, and was the only party to oppose the establishment of the Swiss National Day in 1993.^[1] While it campaigned against Switzerland's accession to the United Nations in a 1986 referendum, the party was pro-European, supporting a federal resolution on the European Economic Area in a 1992 referendum and the opening of negotiations for European Community (and later European Union) membership.^[1]

From 1919 to 1987, the number of Federal Assembly seats held by the Liberal Party varied between five and ten in the National Council and between one and three in the Council of States.^[1] The party then experienced a period of favorable conditions before suffering a series of setbacks.^[1] Its representation at the Federal Assembly fell from thirteen to four seats between 1991 and 2003.^[1]

Election year	% of overall vote	# of seats won	+/-
1919	3,8	9 / 189	new
1922	4,0	10 / 198	1
1925	3,0	7 / 198	3
1928	3,0	6 / 198	1
1931	2,8	6 / 187
1935	3,3	6 / 187
1939	1,7	6 / 187
1943	3,2	8 / 194	2
1947	3,2	7 / 194	1
1951	2,6	5 / 196	2
1955	2,2	5 / 196
1959	2,3	5 / 196
1963	2,2	6 / 200	1
1967	2,3	6 / 200
1971	2,2	6 / 200
1975	2,4	6 / 200
1979	2,8	8 / 200	2
1983	2,8	8 / 200
1987	2,7	9 / 200	1
1991	3,0	10 / 200	1
1995	2,7	7 / 200	3
1999	2,3	6 / 200	1
2003	2,2	4 / 200	2
2007	1,9	4 / 200
Source: Federal Statistical Office[1]

• 1981–1985   Lukas Burckhardt, Basel
• 1985–1989   Gilbert Coutau, Geneva
• 1989–1993   Claude Bonnard, Vaud
• 1993–1997   François Jeanneret, Vaud
• 1997–2002   Jacques-Simon Eggly, Geneva
• 2002–2008   Claude Ruey, Vaud
• 2008–2009   Pierre Weiss, Geneva

• Liberalism and radicalism in Switzerland

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Political parties in Switzerland

National Council
(200 seats)

Federal Council	Swiss People's Party (62) Social Democratic Party (41) The Centre (29) The Liberals (28)
Non-governmental	Green Party (23) Green Liberal Party (10) Evangelical People's Party (2) Geneva Citizens' Movement (2) Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland (2) Ticino League (1)

Council of States
(46 seats)

Federal Council	The Centre (15) The Liberals (11) Social Democratic Party (9) Swiss People's Party (6)
Non-governmental	Green Party (3) Green Liberal Party (1) Geneva Citizens' Movement (1)

Other parties

• Alternative Left
• Alternative List
• Anti-PowerPoint Party
• Christian Social Party
• Freedom Party
• Pirate Party
• Social Liberal Movement
• Solidarity
• Swiss Democrats
• Swiss Party of Labour
• Libertarian Party

• Portal:Politics
• Politics of Switzerland
• List of ruling political parties by country