List of ecoregions in Europe
The continent of Europe comprise a large part of the Palearctic ecozone, with many unique biomes and ecoregions. Biogeographically, Europe is tied closely to Siberia, commonly known as the Euro-Siberian region.
The European Environmental Agency (EEA) divides Europe into a total of eleven terrestrial biogeographical regions and seven regional seas.[1] The agency has issued the Digital Map of European Ecological Regions (DMEER), and operates with a total of 70 ecoregions, of which 58 are within the European continent. Some of these ecoregions are congruent with the World Wildlife Fund's (WWF) ecoregions, and some are not.[2][3]
List of ecoregions in Europe
Below is an exhaustive list of the ecoregions of Europe as defined by the WWF.
Designation | Name (WWF) | Country | Biome | Map |
---|---|---|---|---|
PA0401 | Apennine deciduous montane forests | Italy | Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests | ![]() |
PA0402 | Atlantic mixed forests | France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, and Denmark | ![]() | |
PA0403 | Azores temperate mixed forests | Portugal | ![]() | |
PA0404 | Eastern Europe: Turkey, Greece, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Romania, and Serbia | Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, North Macedonia, and Greece | ![]() | |
PA0405 | Northern Europe: Germany, Denmark, Sweden, and Poland | Denmark, Sweden, Germany, and Poland | Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest Natural beech wood | ![]() |
PA0406 | Cantabrian mixed forests | Portugal, Spain, and France | ![]() | |
PA0408 | Western Asia: Georgia, Russia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Armenia | Russia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan | Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests Caucasus-Anatolian-Hyrcanian temperate forests | ![]() |
PA0409 | Celtic broadleaf forests | Ireland and United Kingdom | Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests | ![]() |
PA0412 | Central European mixed forests | Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Germany, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine | Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest | ![]() |
PA0416 | Crimean Submediterranean forest complex | Russia, Ukraine | European-Mediterranean montane mixed forest | ![]() |
PA0418 | Eastern Europe: along the Adriatic coast of Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, northern Italy, Slovenia, and Yugoslavia | Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, Kosovo, and Albania | European-Mediterranean montane mixed forest | ![]() |
PA0419 | Eastern Europe: Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine | Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, and Russia | ![]() | |
PA0421 | English Lowlands beech forests | United Kingdom | Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest | ![]() |
PA0422 | Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests | Bulgaria and Turkey | Caucasus-Anatolian-Hyrcanian temperate forests | ![]() |
PA0429 | North Atlantic moist mixed forests | Ireland, United Kingdom, and Norway | Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests | ![]() |
PA0431 | Pannonian mixed forests | Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Romania, and Ukraine | ![]() | |
PA0432 | Southern Europe: Northern Italy stretching to the shore of the Adriatic Sea | Italy and Switzerland | ![]() | |
PA0433 | Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests | Spain, Andorra, and France | European-Mediterranean montane mixed forest | ![]() |
PA0435 | Southern Europe: Bulgaria with small extensions into Greece, Macedonia, and Yugoslavia | Bulgaria, Serbia, North Macedonia, and Greece | ![]() | |
PA0436 | Sarmatic mixed forests | Norway, Sweden, Åland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, and Russia | Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest | ![]() |
PA0445 | Western European broadleaf forests | Poland, Czech Republic, Austria, Germany, Switzerland, France, Luxembourg, and Belgium | Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest | ![]() |
PA0501 | Alps conifer and mixed forests | Italy, France, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, and Slovenia | ![]() | |
PA0503 | Caledonian conifer forests | United Kingdom | Temperate coniferous forest | ![]() |
PA0504 | Carpathian montane conifer forests | Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, and Ukraine | European-Mediterranean montane mixed forests | ![]() |
PA0520 | Scandinavian coastal conifer forests | Norway | Temperate coniferous forests | ![]() |
PA0602 | Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra | Iceland | ![]() | |
PA0608 | Scandinavian and Russian taiga | Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia | Taiga and Boreal forests | ![]() |
PA0610 | Ural montane forests and tundra | Russia | ![]() | |
PA0807 | Faroe Islands boreal grasslands | Faroe Islands | ||
PA0814 | Pontic steppe | Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, and Russia | Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands | ![]() |
PA1101 | Arctic desert | Norway and Russia | Tundra | ![]() |
PA1106 | Kola Peninsula tundra | Norway and Russia | Tundra | ![]() |
PA1108 | Northwest Russian-Novaya Zemlya tundra | Russia | Tundra | ![]() |
PA1110 | Scandinavian montane birch forest and grasslands | Norway, Sweden, and Finland | ![]() | |
PA1201 | Southeastern Europe: Along the coastline of Greece and Turkey, stretching into Macedonia | Greece, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Turkey | Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub | ![]() |
PA1204 | Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests | France | Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub | ![]() |
PA1205 | Crete Mediterranean forests | Greece | Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub | |
PA1208 | Iberian conifer forests | Spain | Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub | ![]() |
PA1209 | Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests | Spain and Portugal | Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub | ![]() |
PA1210 | Illyrian deciduous forests | Greece, Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy | Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub | ![]() |
PA1211 | Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests | Italy | ![]() | |
PA1215 | Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests | Spain and France | ![]() | |
PA1216 | Northwest Iberian montane forests | Spain and Portugal | ![]() | |
PA1217 | Pindus Mountains mixed forests | Greece, North Macedonia, and Albania | ![]() | |
PA1218 | Southern Europe: Southern Italy | Italy | Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub | ![]() |
PA1219 | Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands | Spain | ![]() | |
PA1221 | Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests | Portugal and Spain | Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub | ![]() |
PA1222 | Southern Europe: Portions of the southern Italian mainland and parts of the islands of Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily | Italy and France | Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub | ![]() |
PA1308 | Western Asia: Along the coast of the Caspian Sea in Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Iran | Russia | Deserts and Xeric Shrublands | ![]() |
Global 200 ecoregions in Europe
Terrestrial
Terrestrial Global 200 ecoregions in Europe comprise three regions of Scandia alpine tundra and taiga, which is present in Finland, Norway, Russia and Sweden:
- PA0608 Scandinavian and Russian taiga
- PA1106 Kola Peninsula tundra
- PA1110 Scandinavian montane birch forest and grasslands
Other Global 200 ecoregions:
Freshwater
Global 200 Large river delta ecoregions in Europe:
- Volga River Delta (Kazakhstan, Russia)
- Danube delta (Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, Yugoslavia)
Small river ecoregions:
- Balkan rivers and streams (Albania, Bosnia and Herzogovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, Turkey, Yugoslavia)
Marine
There are no marine Global 200 ecoregions in Europe.
Sources
- "World Wildlife Fund".
- "Global 200". WWF.
References
- ^ "Europe's biodiversity - biogeographical regions and seas". EEA. 30 May 2002. Retrieved 4 August 2019.
- ^ . 23 January 2015 [https:/ Environmental Agency (EEA) https:/ Environmental Agency (EEA)]. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
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(help) - ^ "[LATEST VERSION] Digital map of European ecological regions". European Environmental Agency (EEA). 12 January 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
- v
- t
- e
- Albania
- Andorra
- Armenia
- Austria
- Azerbaijan
- Belarus
- Belgium
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Georgia
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Iceland
- Ireland
- Italy
- Kazakhstan
- Latvia
- Liechtenstein
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Malta
- Moldova
- Monaco
- Montenegro
- Netherlands
- North Macedonia
- Norway
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Russia
- San Marino
- Serbia
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Turkey
- Ukraine
- United Kingdom
- Vatican City
recognition
other entities
External links
- "Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World". Data Basin. Conservation Biology Institute. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
Maps and basic data.