List of equipment of the Vietnam People's Ground Forces
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam_military_vehicles_roundel.svg/150px-People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam_military_vehicles_roundel.svg.png)
Vietnam People's Army |
---|
![]() |
Ministry of National Defence |
Command |
General Staff |
Services |
|
Ranks and history |
During the First Indochina War (1946–1954), Vietnam War (1955–1975), Cambodian–Vietnamese War (1977–1989), Sino-Vietnamese War (1979) and the Sino-Vietnamese conflicts 1979– 1991 (1979–1991), the Vietnam People's Ground Force relied almost entirely on Soviet-derived weapons and equipment systems. With the end of the Cold War in 1992 Soviet military equipment subsidies ended and Vietnam began the use of hard currency and barter to buy weapons and equipment.
Vietnam prioritises economic development and growth while maintaining defense spending. The government does not conduct procurement phases or major upgrades of weapons. From the end of the 1990s the Government of Vietnam has announced the acquisition of a number of strategic systems equipped with modern weapons. Accordingly, Vietnam has been slow to develop naval and air forces to control shallow waters and its exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Currently most defence procurement programs focus on remedying this priority. For example, Vietnam has purchased a number of combat aircraft and warships with the capability to operate in high seas. Vietnam also plans to develop its defence industry, with priority placed on the Navy, combined with assistance from its former communist allies, India, and Japan.[1][2][3]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Galil_ACE_32.jpg/220px-Galil_ACE_32.jpg)
Since 2015, Vietnam has begun exploring purchases of U.S. and European weapons while facing numerous political, historical, and financial barriers, as they cannot continue to rely on Soviet and Chinese weapons especially due to the increasing tensions in the South China Sea dispute.[4]
Personal equipment
Name | Image | Type | Origin | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Night vision | ||||
Night vision | Night-vision device | ![]() | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces.[5] | |
Headgears | ||||
Type A2 Helmet | Combat helmet | ![]() | The PAVN's standard issue bump shell is a hard plastic replica of the PASGT helmets. It is used for training exercises and combat drill. | |
Vietnamese pith helmet | Helmet | ![]() | Traditional standard issue hard hat, used as the army's utility and barracks cover. Commonly worn by enlisted members with their dress uniforms and during light training. | |
Utility Cover | Kepi | ![]() | Standard issue soft cover, consisting of a four-point front panel and an elastic backstrap. The cap's camouflage print is worn matching with field fatigues during patrols. | |
PASGT Helmet | ![]() | Combat helmet | ![]() ![]() | Limited use with Special Forces, Border Guards, and the Navy. They are gradually replacing older helmets in all branches of the Army. Most helmets are a Vietnamese-made version of the PASGT Helmet. Earlier models were imported from Israel.[6][7] |
Modular Integrated Communications Helmet | ![]() | Combat helmet | ![]() ![]() | Vietnamese copy. Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, police, and infantry soldiers. Manufactured locally at Factory Z176.[8] |
Type High Cut Helmet | ![]() | Combat helmet | ![]() ![]() | Vietnamese copy. Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, police, and future infantry soldiers. Manufactured locally at Factory Z176.[9] |
SSh-68 | ![]() | Combat helmet | ![]() | Limited use. |
SSh-40 | ![]() | Combat helmet | ![]() | Limited use. |
M1 Helmet | ![]() | Combat helmet | ![]() | Limited use. |
Body equipment | ||||
AG K53T Body Armour | Body armor | ![]() | Been introduced in International Army Games's exhibition.[10] | |
7,62 K56 Body Armour | Body armor | ![]() | Been introduced in International Army Games's exhibition.[10] | |
AG K51T Body Armour | Body armor | ![]() | Been introduced in International Army Games's exhibition.[10] | |
Body Armour | Body armor | ![]() | Limited use. NIJ level III[11] | |
Body Armour | Body armor | ![]() | Modern battle uniform for standard Vietnamese infantry. It will be standard issue in the future. Manufactured at the Z176 factory.[12][8] | |
Marom Dolphin Fusion System | Body armor | ![]() | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces.[13] | |
Flak jacket | Body armor | ![]() | Limited use by some infantry and anti-riot units | |
Combat Leather Pads | Knee Pads | ![]() | Standard Issued along with the new K20 military uniform.[14] | |
Camouflage patterns | ||||
K-07 Woodland | ![]() | Camouflage pattern | ![]() | Replaced as the standard camo for ground forces by the K-17 Woodland. There are multiple variants of this Woodland camo in terms of slight differences in colors. Commonly used on training fatigues.[15][16] |
K-17 Woodland | ![]() | Camouflage pattern | ![]() | Former standard-issue camouflage for ground forces. Similar coloration to the K-07, there are also multiple variants for the other branches of the military.[17][18] Replaced by the K-20 and observed limited usage since 2020s. |
K-17 Multi-Terrain | Camouflage pattern | ![]() | Used by Vietnamese forces deployed in arid and desert environment. Based on Multicam color schemes. Seen with Vietnamese troops undergoing peacekeeping missions in South Sudan with the United Nations. | |
K20 Pattern, K21 Field Uniform[19] | ![]() | Camouflage pattern | ![]() | Standard issue as of 2021, the PAVN's K20 camouflage pattern was developed with more subdued coloration. The new uniform will consist of 5 different variants for each branches of service: Ground Forces, Border Guard, Air Defence - Air Force, Navy and Coast Guard.[14] |
Modified Duck Hunter Pattern | ![]() | Camouflage pattern | ![]() | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Replaced by the Ground Forces-colored K20 camouflage. |
Thermal imaging anti-reconnaissance clothing | Camouflage pattern | ![]() | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Been introduced in International Army Games's exhibition.[10] | |
Ghillie suit | Ghillie suit | ![]() | Used by the snipers and People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, manufactured locally. Been introduced in International Army Games's exhibition.[10] | |
U.S. Woodland | ![]() | Camouflage pattern | ![]() | Limited use. Most commonly seen on old vests mix-matched with K07 uniform or K20 |
Infantry weapons and weapon attachments
Model | Image | Type | Caliber | Origin | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Accessories | |||||
ITL MARS | Red dot sight | ![]() | Mounted on Uzi, AKM-1, IWI Tavor. | ||
Meprolight m21 | Red dot sight | ![]() | Mounted on Uzi, AKM-1, IWI Tavor, STV Rifles and IWI ACE | ||
NL-91, NL-92 | Night vision sight | ![]() | Mounted on Uzi, AKM-1, IWI Tavor, STV Rifles and IWI ACE.[20] | ||
Aimpoint PRO | Red dot sight | ![]() | Mounted on STV Rifles.[21] | ||
Aimpoint CompM4 | Red dot sight | ![]() | Mounted on AKM-1, limited uses.[22] | ||
Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight | Telescopic sight | ![]() | Mounted on Special Operations Assault Rifle, Tara TM4 rifle. Limited uses within Military Marksman Demonstration Team.[23] | ||
Pistols | |||||
K14VN | Semi-automatic pistol | 7.62×25mm Tokarev | ![]() | Standard issue service pistol alongside the K54. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory. This model is equipped with a longer barrel, and a double-stack magazine that holds an increased capacity of 13 rounds.[24][25] | |
TT-33 | Semi-automatic pistol | 7.62×25mm Tokarev | ![]() | ||
Type 54/K54 | Semi-automatic pistol | 7.62×25mm Tokarev | ![]() ![]() | Standard issue service pistol. Manufactured locally as the K54 (from the Type 54 Chinese TT-33 copy), now being phased out by the new domestic K14VN. | |
IWI Jericho 941 | ![]() | Semi-automatic pistol | 9×19mm Parabellum | ![]() | Limited use in the army and police, they are being manufactured to slowly replace the K54 and K14VN pistols. Manufactured at the Z111 Factory.[26][27][28] |
Makarov pistol | ![]() | Semi-automatic pistol | 9×18mm Makarov | ![]() ![]() | Used by police officers. Limited use in the army. Manufactured locally as the K59.[29] |
Type 59/K59 | Semi-automatic pistol | 9×18mm Makarov | ![]() | ||
Browning Hi-Power | ![]() | Semi-automatic pistol | 9×19mm Parabellum | ![]() | Stored in reserves for shooting ranges. |
CZ-82 | ![]() | Semi-automatic pistol | 9×18mm Makarov | ![]() | Used by police officers. Limited use in the army.[29] |
CZ P-07 Duty | Semi-automatic pistol | 9x19 Parabellum | ![]() | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Forces.[30] | |
Glock 19 | ![]() | Semi-automatic pistol | 9x19 Parabellum | ![]() | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Forces. |
Glock 34 | Semi-automatic pistol | 9x19 Parabellum | ![]() | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Forces. | |
M1911A1 | ![]() | Semi-automatic pistol | .45 ACP 7.62×25mm Tokarev | ![]() ![]() | Local copies chambered in 7.62×25mm Tokarev and captured US M1911A1s in .45 ACP used by the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army during Vietnam War. |
CornerShot | ![]() | Weapon accessory | ![]() | Used by the People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Force.[31][26] | |
Assault rifles | |||||
STV-215 | ![]() | Assault rifle | 7.62×39mm | ![]() | Standard issue rifle. Developed and manufactured at the Z111 Factory. The STV-215 is the carbine version of the STV-380, it has a barrel length of 215 mm.[32][33] |
STV-380 | ![]() | ||||
Galil ACE | ![]() | Assault rifle | 7.62×39mm | ![]() ![]() | Manufactured at the Z111 Factory. The domestically made version has the charging handles located on the right side similar to traditional AK-47s. They have been replaced as the standard-issue rifle by the domestically manufactured STV-215/STV-380. The majority of them may have been transferred to Laos and since then rarely spotted in Vietnamese service.[34][35][36] |
AKM | ![]() | Assault rifle | 7.62×39mm M43 | ![]() ![]() | Still being refurbished, old models are being converted to domestic AKM-1/AKn plasticized refurbishment. Succeeded and replaced as the standard-issue rifle by the STV-215/STV-380.[37][38] |
AKn | Assault rifle | 7.62×39mm M43 | ![]() ![]() | Standard issue rifle. Manufactured locally with some new detail[39] | |
AKM-1 | Assault rifle | 7.62×39mm M43 | ![]() ![]() | Standard issue rifle. Manufactured locally with some new detail[40] | |
Type 56 | ![]() | Assault rifle | 7.62×39mm M43 | ![]() ![]() | Limited use. Refurbished to become AKn-equivalent and being replaced as the standard-issue rifle by the STV-380/STV-215. |
AMD-65 | ![]() | Assault rifle | 7.62x39mm | ![]() | |
Type 58 | ![]() | Assault rifle | 7.62x39mm | ![]() | Limited use. Sent as military aid by North Korea during the Vietnam War. |
CAR-15 | ![]() | Carbine | 5.56×45mm NATO | ![]() | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, naval infantry and coast guard. Converted locally as the M18 at the Z111 Factory, locally produced version of the XM177E2 |
IWI Tavor TAR-21 | ![]() | Assault rifle | 5.56×45mm NATO | ![]() | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and naval infantry.[34][35] |
vz. 58 | ![]() | Assault rifle | 7.62×39mm | ![]() | Limited use.[41] |
CZ 805 BREN | ![]() | Assault rifle | 5.56×45mm NATO | ![]() | Use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team. |
Special Operations Assault Rifle | ![]() | Assault rifle | 5.56×45mm NATO | ![]() | Use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team.[citation needed] |
Tara TM4 Assault rifle | Assault rifle | 5.56×45mm NATO | ![]() | Use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team.[citation needed] | |
FN FNC | ![]() | Assault rifle | 5.56×45mm NATO | ![]() | Use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team. |
M16A1 | ![]() | Assault rifle | 5.56×45mm NATO | ![]() ![]() | M16A1 and XM16E1 is used by militia forces in southern provinces. M16A2 used by Coast Guard in small numbers. |
M16A2E | ![]() | Assault rifle | 5.56×45mm NATO | ![]() ![]() | Upgraded and manufactured locally as the M16A2VN base on M16A1 and M18 with new stock and Picatinny rail[42] |
SKS | ![]() | Semi-automatic rifle | 7.62×39mm M43 | ![]() | Used by honour guards and militia forces.[citation needed] |
Type 63 | ![]() | Assault rifle | 7.62×39mm | ![]() | |
M14 | ![]() | Battle rifle | 7.62×51mm NATO | ![]() | Stored in reserves. |
4MK4 | ![]() | Bolt-action rifle | .303 British | ![]() ![]() | Limited used by Militia Forces.[43] |
Submachine guns | |||||
PP-19 Bizon | ![]() | Submachine gun | 9×19mm Parabellum | ![]() ![]() | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured as the SN9P at the Z111 Factory. The locally produced version comes with a Galil-style stock, and is chambered in 9×19mm.[44][45] |
Micro Uzi | ![]() | Submachine gun | 9×19mm Parabellum | ![]() ![]() | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured at the Z111 Factory.[46] |
Uzi Pro | ![]() | Submachine gun | 9×19mm Parabellum | ![]() | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[46] |
Škorpion | ![]() | Submachine gun | .32 ACP | ![]() | |
CZ Scorpion Evo 3 | ![]() | Submachine gun | 9×19mm Parabellum | ![]() | Use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team. |
PM-63 | ![]() | Machine pistol/Submachine gun | 9×18mm Makarov | ![]() | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and guard police.[citation needed] |
STV-022 | ![]() | Submachine gun / Assault rifle | 7.62×39mm | ![]() | Derivative of the STV rifle. Used by bodyguard unit under the General Staff of the Vietnam People's Army and other units. |
Shotguns | |||||
Remington Model 870 | ![]() | Shotgun | 12 Gauge | ![]() | |
Armsel Striker | ![]() | Combat shotgun | 12 Gauge | ![]() | Limited use[47] |
Sniper rifles | |||||
Dragunov SVD | ![]() | Designated marksman rifle | 7.62×54mmR | ![]() | |
CZ 750 S1M2 | ![]() | Sniper rifle | 7.62×51mm NATO | ![]() | Used by the People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Force. |
PSR-90 | ![]() | Sniper rifle | 7.62×51mm NATO | ![]() ![]() | Used by the People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Force. |
PSL | ![]() | Designated marksman rifle | 7.62×54mmR | ![]() | [citation needed] |
IWI Galatz | ![]()
| Sniper rifle | 7.62×51mm NATO | ![]() ![]() | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Marine Infantry. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[46] |
Orsis Т-5000M | ![]() | Sniper rifle | .338LM | ![]() | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces |
OSV-96 | ![]() | Anti-materiel rifle | 12.7×108mm | ![]() ![]() | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[48] |
SBT-12M1[49] | |||||
KSVK | ![]() | Anti-materiel rifle | 12.7×108mm | ![]() ![]() | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[46] |
WKW Wilk | ![]() | Anti-materiel rifle | .50 BMG | ![]() | +50 examples were bought.[50] |
Machine guns | |||||
TUL-1 | Light machine gun | 7.62×39mm | ![]() | Vietnamese TUL-1 light machine gun used the frame of Chinese Type 56 assault rifle but with stock of an RPK, barrel sights from an RPD and 30-round magazine used on the AK-47/Type 56, there are rare 40-round magazines. The TUL-1 body was thin, only 1 mm compared to the 1.5 mm of an RPK. It was also heavier and had an inferior rate of fire compared to the RPK. However, the firing rate and effective range of the weapon was successfully better than that of an AK-47/Type 56. The TUL-1 LMGs were manufactured between 1970–1974 and ended after Vietnam obtained production rights to the RPK itself. | |
PKM | General-purpose machine gun | 7.62×54mmR | ![]() ![]() | Standard issue machine gun. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[51] New ĐL7N copies are made with a modern plastic stock and grip, and includes a picatinny rail for a sight on top. | |
ĐL7N | |||||
RPK | ![]() | Light machine gun | 7.62×39mm | ![]() ![]() | Standard issue machine gun. Manufactured locally. |
KPV | ![]() | Heavy machine gun | 14.5×114mm | ![]() | |
IWI Negev | ![]() | Light machine gun | 5.56×45mm NATO | ![]() ![]() | Limited use. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory |
RPD | ![]() | Light machine gun | 7.62×39mm | ![]() ![]() | Standard issue machine gun. Manufactured locally. |
Type 67 | ![]() | General-purpose machine gun | 7.62×54mmR | ![]() | Limited use. |
M240B | ![]() | General-purpose machine gun | 7.62×51mm NATO | ![]() | Limited use by Military Marksman Demonstration Team. |
M60 | ![]() | General-purpose machine gun | 7.62×51mm NATO | ![]() | Limited use. |
Uk vz. 59 | ![]() | General-purpose machine gun | 7.62×54mmR | ![]() | |
FN Minimi Mk3 | ![]() | Light machine gun | 5.56×45mm NATO | ![]() | Limited use in People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Military Marksman Demonstration Team.[52] |
NSV | ![]() | Heavy machine gun | 12.7×108mm | ![]() ![]() | Standard issue tank-mounted machine gun. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[53][54] |
DShK | ![]() | Heavy machine gun | 12.7×108mm | ![]() ![]() | Mounted on T-55 tanks. Currently being phased out by the NSV. |
Mk 21 Mod 0 | ![]() | Medium machine gun | 7.62×51mm NATO | ![]() | Limited use. |
Grenade-based weapons | |||||
AGS-17 | ![]() | Automatic grenade launcher | 30 mm Grenade | ![]() ![]() | Standard issue. Manufactured locally. |
M203 | ![]() | Grenade launcher | 40 mm Grenade | ![]() ![]() | Manufactured locally as the T-40 at the Z111 Factory. Replaces the trigger for a lever. Mounts on the Galil ACE 32, STL-1A, M18, M16A2 and TAR-21.[45] |
OPL40M SPL40 | ![]() | Grenade launcher | 40mm Grenade | ![]() | Standard issue grenade launcher accompanying the STV-380 rifles. |
M79 | ![]() | Grenade launcher | 40 mm Grenade | ![]() ![]() | Standard issue. Manufactured locally.[55] |
Milkor MGL | ![]() | Grenade launcher | 40 mm Grenade | ![]() ![]() | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured locally as the MGL-VN1.[56] |
Mortars | |||||
STA-50 | Light mortar | 50mm Mortar | ![]() | Manufactured locally at the Z117 Factory.[57] | |
M1 mortar | ![]() | Infantry mortar | 81mm Mortar | ![]() | |
M2 mortar | ![]() | Infantry mortar | 60mm Mortar | ![]() | |
M29 mortar | ![]() | Infantry mortar | 81mm Mortar | ![]() | |
82-PM-41 | ![]() | Mortar | 82 mm Mortar | ![]() | |
M1938 | ![]() | Mortar | 107 mm Mortar | ![]() | |
PM-43 | ![]() | Mortar | 120 mm Mortar | ![]() | |
M1943 | ![]() | Mortar | 160 mm Mortar | ![]() | |
Portable anti-materiel weapons | |||||
SPG-9 | ![]() | Anti-tank recoilless rifle | 73 mm HEAT | ![]() ![]() | Manufactured locally as SPG-9T2. |
RPG-7V | ![]() | Rocket-propelled grenade | 40 mm HEAT | ![]() ![]() | Manufactured locally as RPG7V-VN or SCT-7. Internally codenamed B-41. |
RPG-29 | Rocket-propelled grenade | 105 mm HEAT | ![]() ![]() | Manufactured locally under the name of SCT-29.[58][59] | |
9K38 Igla | ![]() | Man-portable air-defense system | 72mm | ![]() ![]() | Manufactured locally under license.[60] |
9K338 Igla-S | |||||
9K32 Strela-2 | ![]() | Man-portable air-defense system | 72mm | ![]() ![]() | Manufactured locally.[61] |
B-10 | ![]() | Anti-tank recoilless rifle | 82 mm HEAT | ![]() ![]() | Manufactured locally. |
B-11 | ![]() | Anti-tank recoilless rifle | 82mm HEAT | ![]() | Weapon at reserve |
M-40 | ![]() | Anti-tank recoilless rifle | 105mm HEAT | ![]() | Weapon at reserve |
M72 LAW | Anti-tank weapon | 66 mm HEAT | ![]() | ||
9K111 Fagot | ![]() | Guided anti-tank missile | 120 mm HEAT | ![]() | |
9M14 Malyutka | Guided anti-tank missile | 125 mm HEAT | ![]() ![]() | Manufactured locally under license from Serbia version with improved semi-automatic command to line of sight guidance. | |
9M113 Konkurs | ![]() | Guided anti-tank missile | 135 mm HEAT | ![]() | |
RPO-A Shmel | ![]() | Thermobaric rocket-propelled | 93 mm FAE | ![]() | Only for chemical forces. |
Vehicles
Vehicle | Image | Type | Origin | Quantity | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tanks | |||||
T-90S/SK | ![]() | Main battle tank | ![]() | 64[62] | |
T-62 | ![]() | Main battle tank | ![]() | 70[63] | |
T-54M/55M | ![]() | Main battle tank | ![]() | 850[64] | Currently around 310 T-54/55 tanks undergo refits and upgrades to Vietnamese/Israeli T-54M modernized program at Z153 factory. As of January 2024, 100 tanks have been upgraded to the T-54M standard in stage 1. |
Type-59 | Main battle tank | ![]() | 350[64] | Type 59-I | |
T-34 | ![]() | Medium tank | ![]() | 45[65] | Used only for training and coastal defense |
Type-63 | ![]() | Amphibious Light tank | ![]() | 150[66] | Called PT-85 in local service because of its 85 mm gun, similar to the PT-76 |
PT-76 | ![]() | Amphibious Light tank | ![]() | 300[64] | |
Infantry fighting vehicles | |||||
BMP-1 | ![]() | Infantry fighting vehicle | ![]() | 300[67] | |
BMP-2 | ![]() | Infantry fighting vehicle | ![]() | ||
Armoured personnel carriers | |||||
M113 | ![]() | Armoured personnel carrier | ![]() | 200[64] | Equipped with DShK or NSVT 12.7 mm heavy machine gun and sometimes with the SPG-9. 1970s photos show M40 recoilless rifles from capture |
M106 mortar carrier | ![]() | Mortar carrier | ![]() | Unknown | Self-propelled 107 mm mortars сaptured in the Vietnam War. |
Type 63 | Armoured personnel carrier | ![]() | 80[64] | ||
MT-LB | ![]() | Armoured personnel carrier | ![]() | Unknown | Was seen used by artillery troops preparing for the 2020 International Army Games.[68] |
BTR-40 | ![]() | Armoured personnel carrier | ![]() | 100[69] | Not sure( may be removed). |
BTR-50PK | ![]() | Armoured personnel carrier | ![]() | 280[70] | |
BTR-60PB | Wheeled armoured personnel carrier | ![]() | 400[71] | Used by both Army and Naval Marines. | |
GAZ-59037A | ![]() | Armoured personnel carrier | ![]() | Unknown | Used in natural disaster rescue and response missions.[72] |
BTR-152 | ![]() | Wheeled armoured personnel carrier | ![]() | 160[71] | Being upgraded with new diesel engine.[73] One is converted to an armored ambulance to support the field hospital in Bentiu, South Sudan, as a part of the UN peacekeeping mission in South Sudan |
Armoured cars | |||||
Dongfeng EQ2050 | ![]() | Military light utility vehicle | ![]() | Unknown | Used by Engineers at United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei.[74] |
BRDM-2 | Armoured scout car | ![]() | 50[75] | ||
Cadillac V-100 | ![]() | Armoured scout car | ![]() | Unknown | Upgraded by the Military Mechanical Engineering Institute with assistance from Z751 factory to replace old and worn out parts after Vietnam was reunified with American-made weapons replaced with Russian-based weapons.[76][77] Acquired through capturing them in the Vietnam War.[78] |
Artillery | |||||
SS-1 Scud B/C/D | ![]() | Tactical ballistic missile | ![]() | 24[79] | |
Hwasong-6 | ![]() | Tactical ballistic missile | ![]() | 100 missiles | |
BM-14 | ![]() | 140mm multiple rocket launcher | ![]() | <100[80] | BM-14MM and BM-14-17M variant.[81][82] 100 launchers exported from the USSR in 1965-1966 period.[80] |
BM-21 | 122mm multiple rocket launcher | ![]() | 350[64] | ||
(M-46)/Type 59 | ![]() | 130mm field gun | ![]() ![]() | Unknown | While the current number is unknown, the Soviet Union provided 519 pieces of the M-46 from 1968 - 1973.[83] Some were most likely lost in combat or taken out of service over the years. |
ASU-85 | ![]() | 85mm assault gun | ![]() | Unknown | |
2S1 Gvozdika | ![]() | 122mm self-propelled artillery | ![]() | Unknown | |
2S3 Akatsiya | ![]() | 152 mm self-propelled artillery | ![]() | 30[71] | |
M101 | ![]() | 105 mm towed howitzer | ![]() | Unknown | |
M114 | ![]() | 155 mm towed howitzer | ![]() | Unknown | |
M-30[84] | ![]() | 122 mm towed howitzer | ![]() | Unknown | While the current number is unknown, the Soviet Union provided 450 pieces of the M-30 from 1964 - 1969.[83] Some were most likely lost in combat or taken out of service over the years. |
D-20 | ![]() | 152 mm towed gun-howitzer | ![]() | Unknown | While the current number is unknown, the Soviet Union provided 500 pieces of the D-20 from 1966 - 1970.[83] Some were most likely lost in combat or taken out of service over the years. |
D-30 | ![]() | 122 mm towed howitzer | ![]() | Unknown | While the current number is unknown, the Soviet Union provided 50 pieces of the D-30 in 1974.[83] Some may have been taken out of service over the years. |
D-44 | ![]() | 85 mm field gun | ![]() | Unknown | |
D-74[85] | ![]() | 122mm field gun | ![]() | Unknown | While the current number is unknown, the Soviet Union provided 200 pieces of the D-74 from 1970 - 1971 and China provided 100 pieces of the Type-60 (Chinese made version of D-74) in 1974.[83] Some were most likely lost in combat or taken out of service over the years. |
Engineering vehicles | |||||
BTS-4 | ![]() | Armoured recovery vehicle | ![]() | Unknown | |
IMR-2 | ![]() | Armoured engineering vehicle | ![]() | 2 | Based on T-72 chassis |
BREM-1M | Armoured recovery vehicle | ![]() | Unknown | Based on T-90 chassis[86] | |
BMK-150 | ![]() | Motor canoe | ![]() | Equipped for pontoon bridge units | |
VSN-1500 | Motor canoe | ![]() | Equipped for engineer units as a light troop transport canoe[87] | ||
PTS | Tracked amphibious transport | ![]() | Unknown | ||
GSP-55 | ![]() | Self-propelled amphibious ferry | ![]() | 3 | Operated by 575th Engineer Brigade[88] |
PMP Floating Bridge | Pontoon bridge | ![]() | >1 | At least one equipped for 414th Engineer Brigade[89] | |
TMM-3M | ![]() | Armoured vehicle-launched bridge | ![]() | Unknown | |
MS-20 Daglezja | ![]() | Armoured vehicle-launched bridge | ![]() | 4[90] | |
MT-LB | ![]() | Artillery reconnaissance | ![]() | ||
AT-L | ![]() | Artillery tractor | ![]() | ||
ATS-59G | ![]() | Artillery tractor | ![]() | Unknown | |
M548 | Artillery tractor | ![]() | Unknown | ||
M578 | ![]() | Armored recovery vehicle | ![]() | ||
KrAZ-255 | Military excavator | ![]() | |||
PZM-2 | ![]() | ||||
Schweres Rüstfahrzeug (SRF) | ![]() | Rescue vehicle | ![]() | ||
Logistic vehicles | |||||
Zil-130 | ![]() | Military truck | ![]() | ||
Zil-131 | ![]() | Military truck | ![]() | ||
Zil-157 | ![]() | Military truck | ![]() | ||
Gaz-66 | Military truck | ![]() | |||
Ural-375 | Military truck | ![]() | |||
Kraz-255B | ![]() | Military truck | ![]() | ||
Ford Transit | ![]() | Van | ![]() ![]() ![]() | Used by Army's communication force[91] | |
Isuzu F-Series | ![]() | Truck | ![]() | ||
Hyundai HD170 | ![]() | Truck | ![]() | ||
MAZ-537 | ![]() | Artillery tractor | ![]() | ||
KZKT-74281-012-chassis | ![]() | ![]() | |||
KamaZ-43253 | ![]() | Military truck | ![]() | Unknown | Replacing older Ural trucks[92] |
KamAZ 43118 | ![]() | Military truck | ![]() | Unknown | Replacing older Ural trucks[92] |
KamAZ 65224 | ![]() | Military truck | ![]() | Unknown | Replacing older Ural trucks[92] |
MAN HX58 | Tactical military truck | ![]() | Unknown | ||
Renault ME160 | Truck | ![]() | Unknown | Used by 410th Battalion, 683rd Transportation Brigade[93] | |
Light utility vehicles | |||||
Toyota Innova | ![]() | Light utility vehicles | ![]() ![]() ![]() | Used by Army officers. | |
Toyota Hilux | ![]() | Pickup truck | ![]() ![]() ![]() | Used by Military control force. | |
Mitsubishi Pajero | Utility Vehicle | ![]() ![]() ![]() | Used by Army's communication force[94] | ||
UAZ-469 | ![]() | Military light utility vehicle | ![]() |
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Aircraft | Image | Type | Origin | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
IAI Heron | ![]() | Reconnaissance | ![]() | 3[95] |
Orbiter 2 | Reconnaissance | ![]() | [96] | |
ITAD M-400 | Reconnaissance | ![]() | ||
UAV Shikra | Reconnaissance | ![]() | Produced and developed by Viettel[97] | |
HS-6L | Reconnaissance | ![]() | ||
VT-Patrol | Reconnaissance | ![]() | Produced and developed by Viettel | |
VT-Pigeon | Reconnaissance | ![]() | Produced and developed by Viettel | |
VT-Swift | Reconnaissance | ![]() | Produced and developed by Viettel |
Procurement
In 2006, Israel reported to the United Nations Register Organisation of Conventional Arms (UNROCA) that two of its light armoured vehicles had been sold to Vietnam.[98] A number of Israeli companies won a bid to modernise and upgrade T-54/55 tanks as well as establishing factories in the country. Israel's program includes upgrading armour, night vision system and a fire control system upgrade (produced in Poland). In May 2002, Vietnam and Ukraine reached an agreement of military technical co-operation which extended to 2005. Accordingly, Ukraine will support Vietnam primarily to upgrade its armour and artillery, and improve weapons co-production and repair facilities.[98] In February 2005, the Ministry of Defence of Finland ceded to Vietnam about 70 T-54 and T-55 tanks from the Soviet era. In early March 2005, Poland signed a contract to sell to Vietnam 150 T-72 tanks which would have been used to support training, ammunition, equipment maintenance, and repair, but this contract was cancelled in 2006 because Vietnam wanted to focus more on its Navy and Air Force.[98] In addition to upgrading tanks, the Ministry of Defence of Vietnam signed a military co-operation agreement with Russia. The Vietnamese have also developed the capacity to produce their own equipment and repair existing equipment.
References
- ^ "Tạp chí Bộ Ngoại giao Trung Quốc đánh giá về chiến lược và sức mạnh quân sự của Việt Nam" (in Vietnamese). VNTime. 24 August 2011. Archived from the original on 25 September 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
- ^ Sergei Blagov (5 September 2003). "Russian missiles to guard skies over Vietnam". Asia Times. Archived from the original on 7 September 2003. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Parameswaran, Prashanth. "Japan-Vietnam Defense Relations in the Indo-Pacific Spotlight". The Diplomat. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
- ^ Wendell Minnick (31 August 2015). "Vietnam Pushes Modernization as China Challenge Grows". Defense News. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
- ^ "200 thiết bị quân sự Việt Nam sản xuất được giới thiệu ở Army Games 2021". www.qdnd.vn.
- ^ "Mũ chống đạn của Quân đội Việt Nam chịu được đạn 9mm". netnews.vn. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
- ^ "Tìm hiểu các loại mũ sắt, mũ chống đạn của QĐNDVN". soha.vn (in Vietnamese). 5 July 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
- ^ a b Half a century of branding of Z176
- ^ Vietnamese special forces catch up with the world's leading bulletproof helmet trend
- ^ a b c d e "200 thiết bị quân sự Việt Nam sản xuất được giới thiệu ở Army Games". vnexpress.net.
- ^ "Cận cảnh áo giáp chống đạn 'Made in Việt Nam': đạt cấp III+ theo tiêu chuẩn Mỹ, chống đạn AK-47 ở khoảng cách 15m". genk.vn. 3 September 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
- ^ "Việt Nam tự chủ sản xuất xe thiết giáp quân sự". comcom24.net. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ VCCorp.vn (7 December 2018). "Áo giáp và ba lô thế hệ mới của Đặc công Việt Nam: Rất độc đáo". soha.vn (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 10 September 2021.
- ^ a b "Việt Nam chính thức lựa chọn trang bị quân phục dã chiến K20 mới - BAOMOI.COM". m.baomoi.com. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ "Tìm hiểu về quân phục ngụy trang của quân đội Việt Nam (phần 2)". Tin tức Việt Nam – Cập nhật tin tức trong nước hôm nay (in Vietnamese). 4 March 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2019 – via tintucvietnam.vn.
- ^ "Baomoi". baomoi.com. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
- ^ "[ẢNH] Quân phục ngụy trang "kỹ thuật số" của Việt Nam có những ưu điểm nào?". Báo điện tử An Ninh Thủ Đô. 7 July 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
- ^ "Ảnh: Quân phục dã chiến mới của QĐND Việt Nam". Kienthuc.net.vn. 16 November 2017. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
- ^ Thời sự Quốc phòng ngày 22/2/2021: Quân đội đảm bảo quân trang cho chiến sĩ mới, retrieved 24 February 2021
- ^ "Chiến sĩ QĐND VN được trang bị kính nhìn xuyên đêm". ZingNews.vn. 5 October 2013.
- ^ "Thủ tướng Phạm Minh Chính dự, theo dõi diễn tập của Quân đoàn 12". www.qdnd.vn. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
- ^ "Việt Nam nâng cấp súng AK để gắn kính ngắm hiện đại - Tạp chí Doanh nghiệp Việt Nam". Tạp chí Doanh nghiệp Việt Nam. 21 November 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
- ^ "AARM-30: Đoàn xạ thủ của Quân đội nhân dân Việt Nam xuất sắc giành vị trí nhất bảng". VietNamNet News. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
- ^ "Sức mạnh dàn súng Việt Nam tự sản xuất". baodatviet.vn. Retrieved 1 April 2019.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "K14-VN Pistol". Modern Firearms. 19 December 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
- ^ a b "Ngạc nhiên vũ khí tối tân đến không ngờ của Đặc công VN". Kienthuc.net.vn. 13 December 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
- ^ "Việt Nam sản xuất súng ngắn Jericho 941". datviet.trithuccuocsong.vn. Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ^ "Bên trong nhà máy sản xuất 25.000 khẩu Galil một năm của Việt Nam | Quán bia ComCom" (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ^ a b "Quân đội Nhân dân Việt Nam được trang bị những loại súng ngắn nào". soha.vn (in Vietnamese). 12 October 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
- ^ tienphong.vn (10 June 2016). "Mẫu súng ngắn hiện đại nhất mà Công an Việt Nam sở hữu". baonghean.vn (in Indonesian). Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ^ "Trung Quốc 'choáng': CSCĐ Việt Nam dùng 'Súng bẻ góc' Israel". baodatviet.vn. Archived from the original on 29 August 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
- ^ "STV-380 and STV-215 - New Service Rifles of Vietnamese Army -". The Firearm Blog. 17 July 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ^ "A Look Into Vietnamese Firearms Manufacturing in Z111 Factory -". The Firearm Blog. 20 October 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ^ a b Yuval Azulai (18 July 2012). "Israel's defense industry targets Vietnam". Globes. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
- ^ a b Jon Grevatt (3 February 2014). "Israel Weapon Industries to begin assault rifle production in Vietnam". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 7 March 2014. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
- ^ tử, Báo Nghệ An điện (16 January 2019). "Việt Nam cung cấp súng trường Galil cho Lào". Báo Nghệ An điện tử (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 24 March 2024.
- ^ ""Lính mới" Hải quân Việt Nam luyện bắn súng AK". kienthuc.net.vn. 1 November 2013.
- ^ "Vietnam has upgraded Kalashnikov AKM under the name STL-1A | weapons defence industry military technology UK | analysis focus army defence military industry army". www.armyrecognition.com. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
- ^ "Việt Nam "cải lão hoàn đồng" súng trường AK-47 huyền thoại như thế nào?". 11 July 2020.
- ^ "Lộ điểm đặc biệt trên súng AKM-1 Việt Nam sản xuất". 12 September 2019.
- ^ "Việt Nam mua nhiều vũ khí từ CH Czech". BBC News (in Vietnamese). 23 July 2014. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
- ^ "Việt Nam nâng cấp thành công súng trường M16 - DVO - Báo Đất Việt". datviet.trithuccuocsong.vn. Archived from the original on 13 September 2021.
- ^ "[ẢNH] Bất ngờ, Việt Nam sản xuất khẩu súng trường nổi tiếng của Anh quốc". 8 November 2018.
- ^ "[Indo Defense 2018] Vietnamese Small Arms Part One: Lee Enfield's, M79's, and Bizon's -". The Firearm Blog. 29 November 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
- ^ a b "Trang bị súng phóng lựu thế hệ mới T40 cho Galil ACE?". baodatviet.vn. Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
- ^ a b c d "Vietnam Begins Manufacture of 12.7mm KSVK, Expands Capabilities -". The Firearm Blog. 17 August 2017. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
- ^ "Khẩu súng shotgun liên thanh cực kỳ độc đáo của Quân đội Việt Nam". 2 February 2021.
- ^ Administrator (22 January 2018). "Vietnam to start production of Russian OSV-96 anti-materiel rifle | January 2018 Global Defense Security army news industry | Defense Security global news industry army 2018 | Archive News year". Army Recognition. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
- ^ "Triển lãm Quốc phòng quốc tế Việt Nam 2022". People's Army Newspaper (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 24 March 2024.
Súng bắn tỉa 12,7mm SBT12M1.
- ^ "E-RAPORT MSPO 3/2016 - Nowości i eksportowe sukcesy Tarnowa - Altair Agencja Lotnicza".
- ^ "Việt Nam sản xuất thành công súng máy PKMS hiện đại". soha.vn (in Vietnamese). 29 April 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
- ^ "Mổ xẻ' biến thể mới nhất súng máy FN Minimi Việt Nam" (in Vietnamese). Kiến Thức. 28 November 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
- ^ "Sức mạnh T-54/55 Việt Nam tăng đáng kể" (in Vietnamese). Báo Đất Việt. 13 March 2012. Archived from the original on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
- ^ "Nhà máy Z111: Cái nôi sản xuất súng cho QĐ Việt Nam". soha.vn (in Vietnamese). 10 September 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
- ^ "Việt Nam sửa chữa súng phóng lựu Mỹ" (in Vietnamese). Báo Đất Việt. 8 December 2012. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
- ^ "Việt Nam chế tạo súng phóng lựu tự động" (in Vietnamese). Báo Đất Việt. 29 January 2012. Archived from the original on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
- ^ "Súng cối và đạn cối triệt âm 50 mm Việt Nam có gì đặc biệt?". soha.vn (in Vietnamese). 16 November 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
- ^ "Giải mã vũ khí chống tăng "vặn cổ" được Type 99 của Việt Nam". trithuccuocsong.vn. 17 September 2018.
- ^ "Việt Nam bất ngờ sản xuất thành công 'hỏa thần diệt tăng' RPG-29".
- ^ Small Arms Survey (2004). Oxford University Press. 2004. p. 81.
- ^ International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) (14 February 2018). "The Military Balance 2018". The Military Balance. 118.
- ^ "Vietnam Orders Russian T-90 Tanks". www.defenseworld.net. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
- ^ "Chapter One: Defence and military analysis". The Military Balance. 117 (1): 7–18. January 2017. doi:10.1080/04597222.2017.1271206. ISSN 0459-7222. S2CID 219622408.
- ^ a b c d e f "Vietnam Army Equipment". Global Security. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
- ^ "Central and South Asia". The Military Balance. 104 (1): 309–317. January 2004. doi:10.1080/725292372. ISSN 0459-7222. S2CID 219627990.
- ^ "Essay: International Terrorism". The Military Balance. 104 (1): 378–385. January 2004. doi:10.1080/725292364. ISSN 0459-7222. S2CID 219623724.
- ^ "Chapter Seven: Middle East and North Africa". The Military Balance. 114 (1): 297–354. January 2014. doi:10.1080/04597222.2014.871884. ISSN 0459-7222. S2CID 219623759.
- ^ "Hóa ra Việt Nam có sử hữu xe thiết giáp MT-LB thiết kế cực độc". kienthuc.net. 27 June 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
- ^ "Analyses and tables". The Military Balance. 99 (1): 280–318. January 1999. doi:10.1080/04597229908460136. ISSN 0459-7222.
- ^ "Vietnamese Army developed BTR-152 armored vehicle medevac variant | April 2018 Global Defense Security army news industry | Defense Security global news industry army 2018 | Archive News year". www.armyrecognition.com.
- ^ a b c "SIPRI arms transfer database". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 6 November 2013. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ^ "Mơ thành thật: Việt Nam đã nhận xe thiết giáp BTR-80 phiên bản đặc biệt!". 22 December 2016.
- ^ "Lực lượng vũ trang tỉnh: Bảo đảm tốt công tác kỹ thuật đáp ứng yêu cầu hoạt động". Báo Hoà Bình. 22 May 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
- ^ Bỗng dưng Quân đội Việt Nam mua xe thiết giáp Trung Quốc - Ô, có sợ bị bắt bài không, retrieved 25 October 2021
- ^ "Caribbean and Latin America". The Military Balance. 105 (1): 315–358. January 2005. doi:10.1080/04597220500387670. ISSN 0459-7222. S2CID 161596649.
- ^ "Việt Nam đã cải tiến xe thiết giáp Commando V-100 ra sao?".
- ^ "Việt Nam có nên tái biên chế thiết giáp V-100 Commando?". 14 June 2017.
- ^ "Điểm qua một số chương trình nâng cấp vũ khí nổi bật của VN (P3)". 19 July 2014.
- ^ Brianna Starosciak (5 January 2012). "Worldwide Ballistic Missile Inventories (See Vietnam)". Arms Control Association; Missile Defense Agency; US Department of Defense; Congressional Research Service; National Air and Space Intelligence Center; US Department of State; Federation of American Scientists. Arms Control Association. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
- ^ a b "Trade Registers". armstrade.sipri.org. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
- ^ "Развитие отечественных РСЗО. Часть 4. Час испытаний" (in Russian). Альтернативная История. 28 May 2022. Archived from the original on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
- ^ "Sức mạnh pháo phản lực có cỡ nòng lớn nhất Việt Nam" (in Vietnamese). Kiến Thức. 20 August 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
- ^ a b c d e https://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php [bare URL]
- ^ "Ngạc nhiên: Pháo M-30 vẫn trực chiến trong QĐND Việt Nam". kienthuc.net.vn. 10 December 2016.
- ^ Tisstore (14 October 2015). "Buổi bắn thử nghiệm 3 loại đạn pháo cấp chiến dịch do Việt Nam tự nghiên cứu sản xuất" – via YouTube.
- ^ "Tăng T-90S Việt Nam sẽ có cận vệ BREM-1M đi kèm". BÁO ĐẤT VIỆT. Archived from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
- ^ "Giá liên kết máy đẩy với thuyền vượt sông nhẹ". Vietnam People's Army Newspaper. 7 October 2017. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
- ^ "Đoàn cán bộ, học viên Học viện Quốc phòng thăm và làm việc tại Lữ đoàn Công binh 575 (Quân khu 1)". Vietnam People's Army Newspaper. 13 July 2011. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
- ^ "Lữ đoàn Công binh 414 (Quân khu 4): Coi trọng thực hành, gắn với thực tế". People's Army Newspaper (Vietnam). 18 April 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ Vietnamese army gets Polish mechanized bridges MS-20 Daglezja Archived 26 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine Army Recognition
- ^ "Bảo đảm thông tin liên lạc kịp thời, chính xác, bí mật, an toàn". 28 June 2019.
- ^ a b c "Việt Nam nhận loạt "ngựa thồ siêu khỏe" từ Nga". 9 November 2019. Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
- ^ "Thực hiện Nghị quyết 847 của Quân ủy Trung ương ở Tổng cục Hậu cần: Cách làm sáng tạo, hiệu quả thiết thực". Báo quân đội nhân dân. 29 August 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
- ^ "Vươn lên làm chủ công nghệ, bảo đảm thông tin liên lạc trong tình hình mới". 17 July 2020.
- ^ "Soi UAV Heron 1 Việt Nam có thể đã mua từ Israel". 9 December 2018.
- ^ Egozi2014-09-29T15:15:08+01:00, Arie. "Vietnam acquires unmanned Orbiter 2". Flight Global. Retrieved 16 September 2021.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Báo Anh hé mở thông tin về UAV hiện đại của Việt Nam". trithuccuocsong.vn. 12 November 2018.
- ^ a b c Carlyle A. Thayer (30 April 2009). "Vietnam People's Army: Development and Modernization". Sultan Haji Bolkiah Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, Ministry of Defence, Bolkiah Garrison, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam. Cite Seer X, National Science Foundation (NSF): 10/41. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.401.6314.
- v
- t
- e
- Ministry of National Defence
- Minister
- Vietnam People's Army
- General Staff
- Chief
- General Political Department
- Ground Forces
- Navy
- Air Defence - Air Force
- Border Guard
- Coast Guard
- Special Operation Force
- Engineering
- Chemical
- Amour - Tank
- Signal
- Artillery
Active |
|
---|---|
Former |
|
Active |
|
---|---|
Former |
|
- General Engineering Department
- General Logistics Department
- General Department of Defence Industry
- General Department of Military Intelligence
- Equipment