Molybdenum diselenide

Molybdenum diselenide
Names

Top-view atomic images of MoSe₂ before and after (right) ion irradiation^[1]
IUPAC name bis(selanylidene)molybdenum
Other names molybdenum diselenide, molybdenumdiselenide, molybdenum selenide, diselanylidenemolybdenum, molybdenum(IV) selenide
Identifiers
CAS Number	12058-18-3
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ECHA InfoCard	100.031.831
PubChem CID	82894
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID4065234
SMILES [Se]=[Mo]=[Se]
Properties
Chemical formula	MoSe ₂
Molar mass	253.86 g/mol^[2]
Appearance	crystalline solid
Density	6.90 g/cm³^[2]
Melting point	>1200 °C^[2]
Band gap	~0.85 eV (indirect, bulk) ~1.5 eV (direct, monolayer)^[3]^[4]
Structure
Crystal structure	hP6, space group P6 ₃/mmc, No 194^[5]
Lattice constant	a = 0.3283 nm, c = 1.2918 nm
Coordination geometry	Trigonal prismatic (Mo^IV) Pyramidal (Se²⁻)
Related compounds
Other anions	Molybdenum dioxide Molybdenum disulfide Molybdenum ditelluride Tantalum diselenide
Other cations	Tungsten diselenide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Chemical compound

Molybdenum diselenide (MoSe
₂) is an inorganic compound of molybdenum and selenium. Its structure is similar to that of MoS
₂.^[6] Compounds of this category are known as transition metal dichalcogenides, abbreviated TMDCs. These compounds, as the name suggests, are made up of a transition metals and elements of group 16 on the periodic table of the elements. Compared to MoS
₂, MoSe
₂ exhibits higher electrical conductivity.^[7]

Structure

Like many TMDCs, MoSe
₂ is a layered material with strong in-plane bonding and weak out-of-plane interactions. These interactions lead to exfoliation into two-dimensional layers of single unit cell thickness.^[8]

The most common form of these TMDCs have trilayers of molybdenum sandwiched between selenium ions causing a trigonal prismatic metal bonding coordination, but it is octahedral when the compound is exfoliated. The metal ion in these compounds is surrounded by six Se²⁻
ions. The coordination geometry of the Mo is sometimes found as octahedral and trigonal prismatic.^[9]

Synthesis

Synthesis of MoSe
₂ involves direct reaction of molybdenum and selenium in a sealed tube at high temperature. Chemical vapor transport with a halogen (usually bromine or iodine) is used to purify the compound at very low pressure (less than 10-6 torr) and very high temperature (600–700 °C). It has to be heated very gradually to prevent explosion due to its strong exothermic reaction. Stoichiometric layers crystallize in a hexagonal structure as the sample cools.^[9] Excess selenium can be removed by sublimation under vacuum.^[10] The synthesis reaction of MoSe
₂ is:

Mo + 2 Se → MoSe
₂

2D-MoSe
₂

Single-crystal-thick layers of MoSe
₂ are produced by scotch tape exfoliation from bulk crystals or by chemical vapor deposition (CVD).^[11]^[12]

The electron mobility of 2D-MoSe
₂ is significantly higher than that of 2D-MoS
₂. 2D MoSe
₂ adopts structures reminiscent of graphene, although the latter's electron mobility is thousands of times greater still. In contrast to graphene, 2D-MoSe
₂ has a direct band gap, suggesting applications in transistors and photodetectors.^[11]

Natural occurrence

Molybdenum(IV) selenide occurs in the nature as the extremely rare mineral drysdallite.^[13]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Molybdenum diselenide.

^ Iberi, Vighter; Liang, Liangbo; Ievlev, Anton V.; Stanford, Michael G.; Lin, Ming-Wei; Li, Xufan; Mahjouri-Samani, Masoud; Jesse, Stephen; Sumpter, Bobby G.; Kalinin, Sergei V.; Joy, David C.; Xiao, Kai; Belianinov, Alex; Ovchinnikova, Olga S. (2016). "Nanoforging Single Layer MoSe₂ Through Defect Engineering with Focused Helium Ion Beams". Scientific Reports. 6: 30481. Bibcode:2016NatSR...630481I. doi:10.1038/srep30481. PMC 4969618. PMID 27480346.
^ ^a ^b ^c Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.76. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0.
^ Yun, Won Seok; Han, S. W.; Hong, Soon Cheol; Kim, In Gee; Lee, J. D. (2012). "Thickness and strain effects on electronic structures of transition metal dichalcogenides: 2H-MX₂ semiconductors (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se, Te)". Physical Review B. 85 (3): 033305. Bibcode:2012PhRvB..85c3305Y. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.85.033305.
^ Kioseoglou, G.; Hanbicki, A. T.; Currie, M.; Friedman, A. L.; Jonker, B. T. (2016). "Optical polarization and intervalley scattering in single layers of MoS₂ and MoSe₂". Scientific Reports. 6: 25041. arXiv:1602.00640. Bibcode:2016NatSR...625041K. doi:10.1038/srep25041. PMC 4844971. PMID 27112195.
^ Agarwal, M. K.; Patel, P. D.; Joshi, R. M. (1986). "Growth conditions and structural characterization of MoSe_xTe_2−x (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 2) single crystals". Journal of Materials Science Letters. 5: 66–68. doi:10.1007/BF01671439. S2CID 96858586.
^ Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (11 November 1997). Chemistry of the Elements. Elsevier. pp. 1017–1018. ISBN 978-0-08-050109-3.
^ Eftekhari, Ali (2017). "Molybdenum Diselenide (MoSe
₂) for Energy Storage, Catalysis, and Optoelectronics". Applied Materials Today. 8: 1–16. doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2017.01.006.
^ Wang, Qing Hua; Kalantar-Zadeh, Kourosh; Kis, Andras; Coleman, Jonathan N.; Strano, Michael S. (2012). "Electronics and optoelectronics of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides". Nature Nanotechnology. 7 (11): 699–712. Bibcode:2012NatNa...7..699W. doi:10.1038/nnano.2012.193. PMID 23132225. S2CID 6261931.
^ ^a ^b Parilla, P.; Dillon, A.; Parkinson, B.; Jones, K.; Alleman, J.; Riker, G.; Ginley, D.; Heben, M; Formation of Nanooctahedra in Molybdenum Disulfide and Molybdenum Diselenide Using Pulsed Vapor Transport doi:10.1021/jp036202
^ Al-hilli, A.; Evans, L. The Preparation and Properties of Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Single Crystals. Journal of Crystal Growth. 1972. 15, 93–101. doi:10.1016/0022-0248(72)90129-7
^ ^a ^b "Scalable CVD process for making 2-D molybdenum diselenide". Rdmag.com. 2014-04-04. Retrieved 2014-04-09.
^ Choi, H. M. T.; Beck, V. A.; Pierce, N. A. (2014). "Next-Generation in Situ Hybridization Chain Reaction: Higher Gain, Lower Cost, Greater Durability". ACS Nano. 8 (5): 4284–94. doi:10.1021/nn405717p. PMC 4046802. PMID 24712299.
^ "Home". mindat.org.