Muhammad Hashim Thattvi
محمد هاشم التتوي
Muḥammad Hāshim Thattvī (1692 – 1761; Sindhi: مخدوم محمد هاشم ٺٺوي, Arabic: المخدوم محمد هاشم التتوي) was an Islamic scholar, author, philanthropist, and a spiritual leader who was considered a saint by his followers. He was the first ever translator of the Quran in Sindhi language.[5]
Activities
He also ran the office of the Chief Justice and stayed the Governor of Sindh and connected areas of Punjab in the Kalhora era.[citation needed] He was also a feudal lord and tribe chieftain.[citation needed] He was the leading Islamic theologian and the Imam of the Grand Mosque at Thatta. He engaged himself in missionary duties and was famous among Sufis. He wrote Madah Nama Sindh (a book about Islam in Sindhi society and culture), Dirham al-Surrat Fi Wada al-Yadayn Taht al-Surrah (a book based on the Hanafi theology), Al-Baqiyat as-Salihat (a biography of great Islamic figures) and other books. His religious dictums shaped Sindhi culture and Islamic tradition in Sindh. He was believed to be a leading expert authority on the Fatwa-e-Alamgiri. He belonged to the Qadri order of Sufism, and followed the Hanafi school of thought. He has a large following throughout the Muslim world specially in Sindh and Thatta district in specific.[6]
Family lineage
Thattvi descends from Al-Harith ibn Abd al-Muttalib of the Quraysh tribe,[7] to which the Islamic prophet Muhammad also belonged.
Early life and education
Makhdoom belonged to a very traditional, religious and educated family and received basic education from his father Makhdoom Abdul Ghafoor.[citation needed] His father taught him to memorise and recite the Quran. He further learned Persian language and Fiqh at home and travelled to Thatta the centre of education, poetry, spiritual grooming and culture of the time for receiving higher education. It was in the time of the Kalhora dynasty when Sindh was at its peak in reference to rich culture and economic progress.[citation needed] Scholars, poets, intellectuals were found in abundance and such people were very much obeyed, trusted and respected. Thatta had been entirely unique as in the year 1111 Hijri, it had 400 high schools and 1400 mosques and is considered a unique city even today.[citation needed]
Makhdoom Muhammad went to Makhdoom Zia uddin Thattvi to learn the science of ahadith and associated matters. It took him nine years to learn Persian and Arabic.[5] Meanwhile, his father Makhdoom Abdul Ghafoor died on 1113 Hijri in the blessed month of Dhul-hajj and was buried in his place at Sehwan.[citation needed]
Makhdoom visited Makkah and Madinah and learned exegesis, hadiths, religious fundamentals, tajwid and fiqh.[6]
Books
He wrote books in Arabic, Sindhi and Persian including:
- Madah Nama Sindh (مدح نامه سنڌ): The book contains merits and values of Sindh and Sindhi society in the 18th century.[5]
- Dirham al-Surrat Fi Wada al-Yadayn Taht al-Surrah.
- al-Baqiyat as-Salihat (الباقيات الصالحات).
His authored books are included in the syllabus of Al-Azhar University today as well. Some of his books have recently been translated into Sindhi by Allama Muhammad Idrees Dahiri and Ghulam Mustafa Qasmi, including Madah Nama Sindh, al-Baqiyat as-Salihat and Khamsat at-Tahirah.[6][5]
Mausoleum and shrine
Thousands of devotees and followers visit his mausoleum and shrine every day which is located in Makli, Thatta, near the historical Makli graveyard.[citation needed] Many followers are buried alongside his shrine. Few of the names of the notables resting there are as follows: Ubaidullah Sindhi and Hassam-ud-Din Rashidi.[citation needed]
Urs - Death Anniversary
Makhdoom Hashim's urs is celebrated every year on the 6th of rajab at the shrine.[citation needed]
The day's proceedings involve recitation of the Quran, hymns and praises of Allah and Muhammad and the Prophet, and religious discourses are given by local orators and scholars.[6][8]
See also
References
- ^ a b Abu al-Khair Muhammad Zubayr, Naqshbandi Sufis of Sindh (in Urdu), Lahore, 2007, volume 1 pag 138
- ^ Maktabah Mujaddidiyah. "Rahat-ul-Momineen (Sindhi translation) : Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi". Retrieved 4 October 2019.
- ^ a b Mir Ali Sher Qaune Thattvi, Tuhfatul Karam (in Urdu), Sindhi Adabi Board, 2006, pg 696
- ^ Dr. Abdul Rasool Qadri, Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi: Biography and Literary services (in Sindhi), Sindhi Adabi Board, 2006, pg 59
- ^ a b c d Profile of Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi on maktabah.org website Published 15 December 2012, Retrieved 3 January 2018
- ^ a b c d Profile of Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi on sindhidunya.com website Published 11 January 2016, Retrieved 3 January 2018
- ^ Dr. Abdul Rasool Qadri, Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi: Biography and Literary services (in Sindhi), Sindhi Adabi Board, 2006, pg 55–56
- ^ 254th death anniversary of renowned scholar Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi today Sindh Times (newspaper), Published 10 February 2017, Retrieved 3 January 2018
External links
- http://wikimapia.org/6133378/makhdoom-mohd-Hashim-Thattvi-tomb
- https://archive.org/details/QasidaYaSalikasindhiLanguage
- http://www.sindh.gov.pk/dpt/Usharzakaat/sehwan.htm
- http://www.scribd.com/doc/46505203/List-of-Books-in-English0
- http://jeaysindhqaumimahaz.blogspot.com/2010/11/chapter-2-era-and-political-environment.html
- v
- t
- e
- Abu Hanifa (founder of the school; 699–767)
- Abu Yusuf (738–798)
- Ibn al-Mubarak (726–797)
- Muhammad al-Shaybani (749–805)
- Yahya ibn Ma'in (774–807)
- Waki' ibn al-Jarrah (d. 812)
- Isa ibn Aban (d. 836)
- Ahmad ibn Abi Du'ad (777–854)
- Yahya ibn Aktham (d. 857)
- Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi (d. 869)
- Al-Ḫaṣṣāf (d. 874)
- Abu Bakr al-Samarqandi (d. 882)
- Al-Tahawi (843–933)
- Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (853–944)
- Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi (b. 874)
- Al-Jassas (917–981)
- Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi (944–983)
- Abu al-Husayn al-Basri (d. 1044)
- Karima al-Marwaziyya (969–1069)
- Ali Hujwiri (1009–1072)
- Al-Bazdawi (1010–1089)
- Al-Sarakhsi (d. 1090)
- Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi (1030–1100)
- Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi (d. 1115)
- Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi
- Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari (d. 1139)
- Ibn al-Malāḥimī (d. 1141)
- Yusuf Hamadani (1062–1141)
- Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi (1067–1142)
- Al-Zamakhshari (1074–1143)
- Siraj al-Din al-Ushi (d. 1180)
- Nur al-Din al-Sabuni (d. 1184)
- Fatima al-Samarqandi (d. 1185)
- Al-Kasani (d. 1191)
- Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi (d. 1197)
- Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani (1135–1197)
- Rumi (1207–1273)
- Jalaluddin Tabrizi (d. 1228)
- Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki (1173–1235)
- Mu'in al-Din Chishti (1143–1236)
- Baba Farid (1173–1266)
- Abu Tawwama (d. 1300)
- Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi (d. 1310)
- Nizamuddin Auliya (1238–1325)
- Uthman bin Ali Zayla'i (d. 1342)
- Shah Jalal Mujarrad (1271–1346)
- Uthman Siraj ad-Din (1258–1357)
- Ala al-Haq (1301–1384)
- Jahaniyan Jahangasht (1308–1384)
- Akmal al-Din al-Babarti (d. 1384)
- Al-Taftazani (1322–1390)
- Ibn Abi al-Izz (1331–1390)
- Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi (1350–1410)
- Al-Sharif al-Jurjani (1339–1414)
- Nur Qutb Alam (d. 1416)
- Shams al-Din al-Fanari (1350–1431)
- 'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari (1377–1438)
- Husam ad-Din Manikpuri (d. 1449)
- Badr al-Din al-Ayni (1361–1451)
- Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam (1388–1457)
- Ali Qushji (1403–1474)
- Khidr Bey (b. 1407)
- Zenbilli Ali Cemali Efendi (1445–1526)
- Ibn Kemal (1468–1536)
- Abdul Quddus Gangohi (1456–1537)
- Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī (1460–1549)
- Fahreddin-i Acemi (d. 1460)
- Muhammad Ghawth (1500–1562)
- Nagore Shahul Hamid (1504–1570)
- Mosleh al-Din Lari (1510–1572)
- Muhammad Birgivi (1522–1573)
- Ebussuud Efendi (1490–1574)
- Hamza Makhdoom (1494–1576)
- Wajihuddin Alvi (1490–1580)
- Taşköprülüzade Ahmet (1495–1561)
- Yaqub Sarfi Kashmiri (1521–1595)
- Sadeddin Efendi (1536–1599)
- Mustafa Selaniki (d. 1600)
- Ali al-Qari (d. 1606)
- Ahmad Sirhindi (1564–1624)
- Esad Efendi (1570–1625)
- Kadızade Mehmed (1582–1635)
- 'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi (1551–1642)
- Mehmed Efendi (1595–1654)
- Kâtip Çelebi (1609–1657)
- Jana Begum
- Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji (1569–1659)
- Khayr al-Din al-Ramli (1585–1671)
- Syed Rafi Mohammad (d. 1679)
- Mir Zahid Harawi (d. 1689)
- Syed Inayatullah (d. 1713)
- Shah Abdur Rahim (1644–1719)
- Zinat-un-Nissa Begum (1643–1721)
- Syed Hayatullah (d. 1722)
- Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi (1641–1731)
- Syed Mohammad Zaman (d. 1756)
- Hashim Thattvi (1692–1761)
- Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (1703–1762)
- Shah Nuri Bengali (d. 1785)
- Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan (1699–1781)
- Murtada al-Zabidi (1732–1790)
- Sanaullah Panipati (1730–1810)
- Syed Mohammad Rafi (d. 1803)
- Majduddin (d. 1813)
- Çerkes Halil Efendi (d. 1821)
- Ghulam Ali Dehlavi (1743–1824)
- Shah Abdul Aziz (1746–1824)
- Fatima al-Fudayliya (d. 1831)
- Syed Ahmad Barelvi (1786–1831)
- Syed Mir Nisar Ali (1782–1831)
- Ibn Abidin (1784–1836)
- Haji Shariatullah (1781–1840)
- Shah Muhammad Ishaq (1783–1846)
- Mamluk Ali Nanautawi (1789–1851)
- Mahmud al-Alusi (1802–1854)
- Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi (1796–1861)
- Dudu Miyan (1819–1862)
- Karamat Ali Jaunpuri (1800–1873)
- Al-Maydani (1807–1861)
- Haji Dost Muhammad Qandhari (1801–1868)
- Yusuf Ma Dexin (1794–1874)
- Naqi Ali Khan (1830–1880)
- Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi (1832–1880)
- Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri (1810–1880)
- Yaqub Nanautawi (1833–1884)
- Mazhar Nanautawi (1821–1885)
- Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi (1848–1886)
- Siddiq Bharchundi (1819–1890)
- Rafiuddin Deobandi (1836–1890)
- Rahmatullah Kairanawi (1818–1891)
- Mustafa Ruhi Efendi (1800–1891)
- Mahmoodullah Hussaini (d. 1894)
- Imdadullah Muhajir Makki (1817–1899)
- Hafiz Ahmad Jaunpuri (1834–1899)
- Rashid Ahmad Gangohi (1826–1905)
- Abdul Wahid Bengali (1850–1905)
- Syed Ahmadullah Maizbhandari (1826–1906)
- Fazlur Rahman Usmani (1831–1907)
- Abd Allah ibn Abbas ibn Siddiq (1854–1907)
- Muhammad Naimuddin (1832–1907)
- Hassan Raza Khan (1859–1908)
- Sayyid Muhammad Abid (1834–1912)
- Ahmad Hasan Amrohi (1850–1912)
- Kareemullah Shah (1838–1913)
- Shibli Nomani (1857–1914)
- Najib Ali Choudhury (fl. 1870s)
- Mehmet Cemaleddin Efendi (1848–1917)
- Abdul Awwal Jaunpuri (1867–1921)
- Azimuddin Hanafi (1838–1922)
- Medeni Mehmet Nuri Efendi (1859–1927)
- Hamiduddin Farahi (1863–1930)
- Machiliwale Shah (d. 1932)
- Abdur Rab Jaunpuri (1875–1935)
- Meher Ali Shah (1859–1937)
- Ghulamur Rahman Maizbhandari (1865–1937)
- Muhammad Ishaq (1883–1938)
- Mohammad Abu Bakr Siddique (1845–1939)
- Abd Allah Siraj (1876–1949)
- Khwaja Yunus Ali (1886–1951)
- Nesaruddin Ahmad (1873–1952)
- Al-Kawthari (1879–1952)
- Mustafa Sabri (1869–1954)
- Ghousi Shah (1893–1954)
- Ahmed Ali Enayetpuri (1898–1959)
- Abdul Batin Jaunpuri (1900–1973)
- Momtazuddin Ahmad (1889–1974)
- Muhammad Abu Zahra (1898–1974)
- Amimul Ehsan Barkati (1911–1974)
- Ghulam Mohiyuddin Gilani (1891–1974)
- Abul Wafa Al Afghani (1893–1975)
- Abdul Majid Daryabadi (1892–1977)
- Abul A'la Maududi (1903–1979)
- Abdur Rahim Firozpuri (1918–1987)
- Muntakhib al-Haqq (fl. 1980s)
- Abu Zafar Mohammad Saleh (1915–1990)
- Ahmed Muhyuddin Nuri Shah Jilani (1915–1990)
- Sayed Moazzem Hossain (1901–1991)
- Hamid al-Ansari Ghazi (1909–1992)
- Ayub Ali (1919–1995)
- Mukhtar Ashraf (1916–1996)
- Abdul Haque Faridi (1903–1996)
- Shamsul-hasan Shams Barelvi (1917–1997)
- Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda (1917–1997)
- Amin Ahsan Islahi (1904–1997)
- Ghulam Moinuddin Gilani (1920–1997)
- Naeem Siddiqui (1916–2002)
- Abdul Latif Fultali (1913–2008)
- Muhammad Abdullah (1932–2008)
- Naseeruddin Naseer Gilani (1949–2009)
- Saifur Rahman Nizami (b. 1916)
- Ghulam Rasool Jamaati (b. 1923)
- Syed Waheed Ashraf (b. 1933)
- Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani (b. 1935)
- Muhibbullah Babunagari (b. 1935)
- Ziaul Mustafa Razvi Qadri (b. 1935)
- Abdul Qadir Pakistani (b. 1935)
- Yusuf Ziya Kavakçı (b. 1938)
- Madni Miyan (b. 1938)
- Sultan Zauq Nadvi (b. 1939)
- Zia Uddin (b. 1941)
- Taqi Usmani (b. 1943)
- Kamaluddin Zafree (b. 1945)
- Muneeb-ur-Rehman (b. 1945)
- Qamaruzzaman Azmi (b. 1946)
- Abdolhamid Ismaeelzahi (b. 1946)
- Abul Qasim Nomani (b. 1947)
- Idrees Dahiri (b. 1947)
- Farid Uddin Chowdhury (b. 1947)
- Farid Uddin Masood (b. 1950)
- Mahmudul Hasan (b. 1950)
- Mukhtaruddin Shah (b. 1950)
- Ilyas Qadri (b. 1950)
- Kafeel Ahmad Qasmi (b. 1951)
- Tahir-ul-Qadri (b. 1951)
- Yaseen Akhtar Misbahi (b. 1953)
- Tariq Jamil (b. 1953)
- Zulfiqar Ahmad Naqshbandi (b. 1953)
- Sufyan Qasmi (b. 1954)
- Nurul Islam Walipuri (b. 1955)
- Sajjad Nomani (b. 1955)
- Ghousavi Shah (b. 1955)
- Ameen Mian Quadri (b. 1955)
- Pir Sabir Shah (b. 1955)
- Abu Taher Misbah (b. 1956)
- Kaukab Noorani Okarvi (b. 1957)
- Hamid Saeed Kazmi (b. 1957)
- Rahmatullah Mir Qasmi (b. 1957)
- AFM Khalid Hossain (b. 1959)
- Najibul Bashar Maizbhandari (b. 1959)
- Abdul Aziz Ghazi]] (b. 1960)
- Shakir Ali Noori (b. 1960)
- Ruhul Amin (b. 1962)
- Mizanur Rahman Sayed (b. 1963)
- Hanif Jalandhari (b. 1963)
- Sajidur Rahman (b. 1964)
- Ibrahim Mogra (b. 1965)
- Saad Kandhlawi (b. 1965)
- Faiz-ul-Aqtab Siddiqi (b. 1967)
- Arshad Misbahi (b. 1968)
- Abu Reza Nadwi (b. 1968)
- Mahfuzul Haque (b. 1969)
- Ilyas Ghuman (b. 1969)
- Qasim Rashid Ahmad (b. 1970)
- Asjad Raza Khan (b. 1970)
- Syed Rezaul Karim (b. 1971)
- Riyadh ul Haq (b. 1971)
- Obaidullah Hamzah (b. 1972)
- Raza Saqib Mustafai (b. 1972)
- Manzoor Mengal (b. 1973)
- Syed Faizul Karim (b. 1973)
- Mamunul Haque (b. 1973)
- Husamuddin Fultali (b. 1974)
- Abdur Rahman Mangera (b. 1974)
- Faraz Rabbani (b. 1974)
- Adnan Kakakhail (b. 1975)
- Muhammad al-Kawthari (b. 1976)
- Amer Jamil (b. 1977)
- Yasir Nadeem al Wajidi (b. 1982)
- Shahinur Pasha Chowdhury (b. 1985)
- Abbas Siddiqui (b. 1987)
- Kaif Raza Khan (b. 2001)
- Ghulam Mohammad Vastanvi
- Tauqeer Raza Khan
- Subhan Raza Khan
- Abdul Malek Halim
- Izharul Islam Chowdhury
- Amjad M. Mohammed
- Anwar-ul-Haq Haqqani
- Mukarram Ahmad
- Abdul Khabeer Azad
- Muzaffar Qadri
- Hanbali
- Maliki
- Shafi'i
- Zahiri