Palatal fricative
A palatal fricative is a type of fricative consonant that is also a palatal consonant. The two main types of palatal fricatives are:
- voiceless palatal fricative ([ç])
- voiced palatal fricative ([ʝ])
They are produced with the friction of the dorsum of the tongue against the hard palate.[1] In some dialects of English, [ç] acts as an allophone for /hj/,[2][3][4] and some loanwords may start with [ʝ].[1]
Phonemic palatal fricatives are decently rare, especially the voiced palatal fricative. They occur more often as allophones (such as in German, where [ç] is an allophone of the voiceless velar fricative after consonants and front vowels[5]), or as alternative realizations of the voiced palatal approximant.
References
- ^ a b Fromkin, Victoria (January 2018). An introduction to language. Rodman, Robert, Hyams, Nina, 1952- (Eleventh ed.). Boston, MA. ISBN 978-1-337-55957-7. OCLC 1043382090.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Cox, Felicity; Fletcher, Janet (2017). Australian English pronunciation and transcription. Port Melbourne, Vic.: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-316-63926-9. OCLC 974647851. p. 159
- ^ Roach, Peter (2009). English phonetics and phonology : a practical course. Cambridge. ISBN 978-0-521-71740-3. OCLC 268793192.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) p. 43 - ^ Wells, John C (2009-01-29), "A huge query", John Wells's phonetic blog, retrieved 2016-03-13
- ^ Benware, Wilbur A (1986). Phonetics and phonology of modern German: an introduction. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-0-87840-193-2. p. 42
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International Phonetic Alphabet (chart)
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Pulmonic consonants
Non-pulmonic consonants
Co-articulated consonants
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