Quercy Phosphorites Formation
Quercy Phosphorites Formation | |
---|---|
Stratigraphic range: latest Bartonian-Late Oligocene ~38–25 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N | |
Type | Formation |
Overlies | Fissure fillings in karstified Jurassic and Triassic rocks |
Lithology | |
Primary | Phosphorite |
Location | |
Coordinates | ![]() ![]() Quercy Phosphorites Formation (France) |
The Quercy Phosphorites Formation (French: Phosphorites du Quercy) is a geologic formation and lagerstätte in Occitanie, southern France. It preserves fossils dated to the Paleogene period (latest Bartonian to Late Oligocene),[1][2] or MP16 to MP28 zones of the European land mammal age classification, ranging from approximately 38 to 25 Ma.
It qualifies as a Lagerstätte because beside a large variety of mammals, birds, turtles, crocodiles, flora and insects, it also preserves the soft tissues of amphibians and squamates, in addition to their articulated skeleton in what has been called natural mummies.[3]
The genera Quercylurus, Quercymegapodius, Quercypsitta, Quercypodargus, Quercycerta and Quercygama, and species Mosaicomeryx quercyi, Robiacina quercyi, Palaeophyllophora quercyi, Archaeomys quercyi, Eomys quercyi, Eucricetodon quercyi and Tarnomys quercynus, as well as the lizards Paraplacosauriops quercyi and Pseudolacerta quercyini and the insect Palaeortona quercyensis were named after the formation.
Description
The first phosphate deposits in Quercy were discovered in 1869 and published by Daubré and Trutat independently in 1871.[4] The first fossils from the formation were described by Delfortie (1872) and Gervais in the same year and extensively studied by Filhol from 1877 onwards. The first geologic investigation of the formation was performed by Thévenin in 1903, and apart from a description by Gèze in 1938, the paleontological richness was not studied until a team of researchers of the Universities of Montpellier and Paris visited the site in 1965.[5]
The karstified phosphate deposits are found from the Lot and Célé river valleys in the north to the left bank of the Aveyron in the south and from the Villefranche Fault in the east to the lacustrine deposits of the Aquitaine Basin in the west. The formation is found in fissures (karst) incising Jurassic and Triassic rocks east of Cahors.[6] The age of the fossiliferous unit, in which almost 12,000 specimens were found ranges from the MP16 to MP28 zones of the European land mammal age classification.[5] These ages correspond to the latest Bartonian to Chattian, from about 38 to 25 Ma.[7]
Paleontological significance
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Palaeogeography_of_Europe_with_fossil_record_of_the_late_Eocene%E2%80%93early_Oligocene_record_of_herpetofauna.png/330px-Palaeogeography_of_Europe_with_fossil_record_of_the_late_Eocene%E2%80%93early_Oligocene_record_of_herpetofauna.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Exceptional_preservation_of_nerves%2C_digestive_tract_and_stomachal_content.png/290px-Exceptional_preservation_of_nerves%2C_digestive_tract_and_stomachal_content.png)
The Quercy Phosphorites Formation is a highly fossiliferous unit designated as a Lagerstätte due to the excellent preservation of fossils. The phosphorite conserves up to the nerves, digestive tract and stomach content,[8] insect larvae and other elements of the paleobiology in the formation. Nearly all Quercy fly pupae were preserved as isolated endocasts, of which many were still covered by the puparium, the hardened skin of the last larval instar.[9] The formation also straddles the Grande Coupure and shows diversity changes (number of species) of frog, salamander, lizard and snake fossil records across the formation.[10] It is assumed that the Quercy arthropods fossilized by a rapid fixation by phosphate-rich water followed by encrustation and mineralization.[11]
Fossil content
The following fossils have been reported from the formation:[1][2][12][13]
Mammals
Apatemyidae
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Note | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chardinyus | C. sp.[12] | An apatotheria. | ||||
Heterohyus | H. (Chardinyus) nanus[12] | An apatemyid. | ||||
H. (Gervaisyus) pygmaeus[12] | ||||||
Gervaisyus | G. sp.[12] |
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bachitherium | B. guirounetensis[13] | |||||
B. lavocati[13] | ||||||
Cryptomeryx | C. gaudryi[14] | |||||
Dichobune | D. sigei[13] | |||||
Dichodon | D. vidalenci[13] | |||||
Iberomeryx | I. matsoui[13] | |||||
Mosaicomeryx | M. quercyi[15] | |||||
Paroxacron | P. bergeri[16] | |||||
Plesiomeryx | P. cadurcensis[16] | |||||
Prodremotherium | P. elongatum[15] | |||||
Pseudamphimeryx | P. salesmei[13] | |||||
Robiacina | R. lavergnensis[13] | |||||
R. quercyi[13] | ||||||
Tapirulus | Tapirulus perrierensis[13] |
Carnivora
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amphicynodon | A. typicus[17] | |||||
Cephalogale | C. sp.[18] | |||||
Cynodyctis | C. lacustris neboulensis[13] | |||||
Dinailurictis | D. bonali[19][20] | |||||
Eofelis | E. edwardsii[21][22] | |||||
E. giganteus[23] | ||||||
cf. E. sp.[24] | ||||||
Eusmilus | E. bidentatus[21][22] | |||||
Mustelictis | M. cf. major[25] | |||||
M. aff. olivieri[25] | ||||||
Nimravus | N. intermedius[19][20] | |||||
Pachycynodon | P. amphictina[26] | |||||
P. crassirostris[27] | ||||||
P. cf. dubius[26] | ||||||
P. cf. filholi[28] | ||||||
Palaeogale | P. sectoria[22] | |||||
Peignictis | P. pseudamphictis[29] | |||||
Quercylurus | Q. major[19] | |||||
Wangictis | W. tedfordi[30] |
Chiroptera
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hipposideros Pseudorhinolophus | H. P. sehlosseri[12] | |||||
H. P. trassounius[12] | ||||||
H. P. zbrjdi[12] | ||||||
Leuconoe | L. lavocati[12] | |||||
Palaeophyllophora | P. oltina[12] | |||||
P. quercyi[12] | ||||||
Stehlinia | S. bonisi[12] | |||||
S. minor[12] | ||||||
Vaylatsia | V. garouillasensis[12] | |||||
V. gerscheli[12] | ||||||
V. gracilis[12] | ||||||
V. lapradensis[12] |
Creodonta
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Paracynohyaenodon | P. magnus[12] | ||||
Parapterodon | P. lostangensis[12] |
Euarchonta
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Darbonetus | D. aubrelongensis[31] |
Hyaenodonta
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Paroxyaena | P. pavlovi[32] |
Lipotyphla
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amphidozotherium | A. cayluxi[12] | |||||
Darbonetus | D. aubrelongensis[12] | |||||
D. tuberi[12] | ||||||
Myxomygale | M. antiqua[33] | |||||
Saturninia | S. beata[12] | |||||
S. pelissiei[12] |
Marsupials
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amphiperatherium | A. bourdellense[12] | |||||
A. lamandini[12] | ||||||
Peratherium | P. bretouense[12] | |||||
P. cayluxi[12] | ||||||
P. lavergnense[12] | ||||||
P. perrierense[12] |
Perissodactyls
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pachynolophus | P. bretovense[13] |
Primates
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cryptadapis | C. tertius[12] | An adapiform primate. |
Proeutheria
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pseudorhyncocyon | P. cayluxi[12] |
Rodents
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Archaeomys | A. intermedius[13] | |||||
A. quercyi[13] | ||||||
Bernardia | B. marandati[13] | |||||
Blainvillimys | B. gemellus[13] | |||||
B. gousnatensis[13] | ||||||
B. langei[13][34] | ||||||
B. rotundidens[35] | ||||||
Elfomys | E. medius[13] | |||||
Eomys | E. gigas[13] | |||||
E. minus[13] | ||||||
E. quercyi[13] | ||||||
Eucricetodon | E. atavus[34] | |||||
E. quercyi[13] | ||||||
Gliravus | G. garouillensis[13] | |||||
G. itardiensis[13] | ||||||
Issiodoromys | I. limognensis[13] | |||||
I. pauffiensis[13][34] | ||||||
Palaeosciurus | P. goti[13][34] | |||||
Paradelomys | Paradelomys spelaeus[13] | |||||
Patriotheridcmys | P. altus[13] | |||||
P. altus neboulensis[13] | ||||||
P. sudrei[13] | ||||||
Pseudoltinomys | P. gaillardi[34] | |||||
P. major[13] | ||||||
P. phosphoricus[13] | ||||||
Sciuromys | S. cayluxi[36] | |||||
S. rigali[13] | ||||||
Tarnomys | T. quercynus[13] | |||||
Theridomys | T. ludensis[13] |
Birds
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ameghinornis | A. sp.[12] | ||||
Horusornis | H. vianeyliaudae[12] | ||||
Idiornis | I. itardiensis[12] | ||||
Itardiornis | I. hessae[12] | ||||
Leptoganga | L. sp.[12] | ||||
Necrobyas | N. minimus[12] | ||||
Nocturnavis | N. sp.[12] | ||||
Palaeoglaux | P. perrierensis[12] | ||||
Palaeotodus | P. escampsiensis[12] | ||||
P. itardiensis[12] | |||||
Paleseyvus | P. escampensis[12] | ||||
Primocolius | P. sigei[12] | ||||
P. minor[12] | |||||
Quercymegapodius | Q. brodkorbi[12] | ||||
Quercypsitta | Q. ivani[12] | ||||
Q. sudrei[12] | |||||
Recurvirostra | R. sanctaeneboulae[12] | ||||
Sylphornis | S. bretouensis[12] | ||||
Ventivorus | V. ragei[12] |
- Caprimulgiformes
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Euronyctibius | E. kurochkini[37] | ||||
Quercypodargus | Q. olsoni[37] |
Reptiles
- Crocodiles
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alligator | A. gaudryi[38] |
- Lizards
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ayalasaurus | A. tenuis[39] | |||||
Brevisaurus | B. smithi[39] | |||||
Cadurciguana | C. hoffstetteri[12] | |||||
Cadurcogekko | C. piveteaui[39] | |||||
Dracaenosaurus | D. croizeti[39] | |||||
Eurheloderma | E. gallicum[39] | |||||
Geiseltaliellus | G. lamandini[39] | |||||
Mediolacerta | M. roceki[39] | |||||
Necrosaurus | N. cayluxi[39] | |||||
N. eucarinatus[39] | ||||||
Omoiotyphlops | O. priscus[39] | |||||
Paraplacosauriops | P. quercyi[39] | |||||
Placosaurus | P. rugosus[39] | |||||
P. sp.[39] | ||||||
Plesiolacerta | P. lydekkeri[39] | |||||
Pseudeumeces | P. cadurcensis[39] | |||||
Pseudolacerta | P. mucronata[39] | |||||
P. quercyini[39] | ||||||
Quercycerta | Q. maxima[39] | |||||
Quercygama | Q. galliae[39] | |||||
Uromastyx | U. europaeus[39] |
- Snakes
- Cadurcoboa insolita[12]
- Coluber cadurci[12]
- Dunnophis cadurcensis[12]
- Eoanilius europae[12]
- Natrix mlynarskii[12][40]
- Palaeopython cadurcensis[38]
- P. filholi[38]
- P. neglectus[38]
- Paleryx cayluxi[38]
- Platyspondylia lepta[12]
- Plesiotortrix edwardsi[38]
- Turtles
- Ptychogaster cayluxensis[41]
- Testudo phosphoritarum[38]
- Testudinidae indet.[41]
Amphibians
- Frogs
- Bufo serratus[38]
- T. gezei[3]
- Thaumastosaurus bottii[38]
- Salamanders
- Heteroclitotriton zitteli[38]
- Megalotriton filholi[38]
- M. portisi[38]
- Phosphotriton sigei[42]
Insects
- Coptera anka[43]
- Onthophilus intermedius[44]
- Palaeortona quercyensis[43]
- Xenomorphia handschini[43]
- X. resurrecta[9]
- Blattodea[44]
- Coleoptera[44]
- Diptera[44]
- Ensifera[44]
- Hymenoptera[44]
- Lepidoptera[44]
- Myriapoda[44]
Flora
- Palmocaulon sp.[45]
- Anacardiaceae indet.[46]
- Caryophyllales indet.[47]
- Malvaceae indet.[47]
- Menispermacae indet.[47]
- Sapotaceae indet.[47]
- Ulmaceae indet.[47]
- Vitaceae indet.[46]
References
- ^ a b Quercy Phosphorites Formation at Fossilworks.org
- ^ a b Phosphorites du Quercy Formation at Fossilworks.org
- ^ a b Laloy et al., 2013
- ^ Legendre et al., 1997, p.331
- ^ a b Legendre et al., 1997, p.332
- ^ Astruc & Pellissié, 1988, p.8
- ^ Legendre et al., 1997, p.333
- ^ Tissier et al., 2017, p.6
- ^ a b Van de Kamp et al., 2018, p.2
- ^ Vasilyan, 2018, p.19
- ^ Van de Kamp et al., 2018, p.12
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf Legendre et al., 1997, p.334
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Legendre et al., 1997, p.335
- ^ Sudre, 1984
- ^ a b Mennecart & Métais, 2015
- ^ a b Blondel, 2005
- ^ Bonis et al., 2019, p.603
- ^ Bonis et al., 2019, p.612
- ^ a b c Peigné, 2003
- ^ a b Bonis et al., 2019, p.616
- ^ a b Peigné & Brunet, 2001
- ^ a b c Bonis et al., 2019, p.618
- ^ Peigné, 2000
- ^ Peigné, 2001
- ^ a b Bonis et al., 2019, p.614
- ^ a b Bonis et al., 2019, p.610
- ^ Bonis et al., 2019, p.604
- ^ Bonis et al., 2019, p.608
- ^ Bonis et al., 2019, p.615
- ^ Bonis et al., 2019, p.611
- ^ Hooker, 2018, p.236
- ^ Lavrov, 2007
- ^ Hugueney & Maridet, 2017
- ^ a b c d e Ginot et al., 2016, p.7
- ^ Hartenberger & Vianey-Liaud, 1978
- ^ Vianey-Liaud & Schmid, 2009
- ^ a b Mourer-Chauviré, 1989
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Rage, 2006
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Augé, 2005
- ^ Rage, 1988
- ^ a b Broin, 1977
- ^ Tissier et al., 2016
- ^ a b c Van de Kamp et al., 2018, p.4
- ^ a b c d e f g h Schmied et al., 2013, p.145
- ^ De Franceschi et al., 2006, p.99
- ^ a b De Franceschi et al., 2006, p.100
- ^ a b c d e De Franceschi et al., 2006, p.101
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- Hartenberger, J.-L.; Vianey-Liaud, M. (1978), "La poche a phosphate de Ste-Néboule (Lot) et sa faune de vertebres du Ludien Superieur. 13. - Rongeurs", Palaeovertebrata, 8: 313–318
- Broin, F (1977), "Contribution a l'etude des Cheloniens. Cheloniens continentaux due Cretace et du Tertiare de France", Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Série C, Sciences de la terre, Nouvelle série, 38: 1–366
Further reading
- Reitner, Joachim; Qun, Yang; Yongdong, Wang; Reich, Mike (2013), Palaeobiology and Geobiology of Fossil Lagerstätten through Earth History (PDF), Universitätsverlag Göttingen, pp. 1–218, ISBN 978-3-86395-135-1, retrieved 2020-09-15
External links
Media related to Quercy Phosphorites Formation at Wikimedia Commons