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Quezon Memorial Shrine

This article is about the monument and national shrine. For the park, see Quezon Memorial Circle.
Quezon Memorial Shrine
Pambansang Pang-alaalang Dambana ni Quezon (Filipino)
The monument in 2019
Map
LocationQuezon Memorial Circle, Quezon City
Coordinates14°39′03″N 121°02′54″E / 14.65077°N 121.04821°E / 14.65077; 121.04821
DesignerFederico Ilustre
TypeMausoleum, Museum
Height66 meters (217 ft)
Beginning date1952
Completion date1978
Dedicated toManuel Quezon, 1st President of the Philippine Commonwealth
(Officially the 2nd President of the Philippines overall)

The Quezon Memorial Shrine (Filipino: Pambansang Pang-alaalang Dambana ni Quezon,[1] lit. 'National Memorial Shrine of Quezon') is a monument and national shrine dedicated to former Commonwealth of the Philippines President Manuel Quezon, located within the grounds of Quezon Memorial Circle in Quezon City. It also houses a museum at its base.

History

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NHC historical marker

The Quezon Memorial Committee, which was tasked to organize a nationwide fund-raising campaign for the building of a monument dedicated to the late President Manuel Quezon, was established by virtue of Executive Order No. 79 signed by his successor, President Sergio Osmeña on December 17, 1945.[2] President Elpidio Quirino later proposed the relocation of the monument away from its original site, but such plans were abandoned[3] The Bureau of Public Works began construction on the monument in 1952.[1]

The monument was placed under the jurisdiction of the National Historical Institute through Presidential Decree No. 1 issued by President Ferdinand Marcos on September 24, 1972.[1][4]

On January 14, 1974, the monument was formally designated a national shrine and inaugurated on August 19, 1978. The remains of former President Quezon was transferred to the shrine from Manila North Cemetery on August 1, 1979.[1] The remains of his First Lady, Aurora Aragon Quezon, were likewise reinterred in the shrine on April 28, 2005.[5] On March 12, 2020, the shrine was recognized by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines as a National Cultural Treasure (NCT), but the declaration was only made public in December 2021.[6][7]

Architecture and design

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The Quezon Memorial Shrine was designed by Federico Ilustre.[1] The 66-meter (217 ft) monument is composed of three connected pylons and is located at the center of the Quezon Memorial Circle, a major park in Quezon City.[8] An observation deck, currently closed to the public, is at the top of the structure, and enables a maximum of 60 people to enjoy panoramic views of the city. A spiral staircase connects the deck to the base of the structure.[9]

The three pylons are surmounted by three, large Art Deco angels by Italian sculptor Francesco Riccardo Monti. With wingtips pointing heavenward and heads bowed in grief, the angels all hold wreaths of sampaguita (Jasminum sambac), the national flower). The angels represent the three major island groups of the Philippines: Luzon, the Visayas, and Mindanao;[8] this is visually reinforced by each figure wearing a traditional dress from their respective region.[10]

Under the watch of former Quezon City Mayor Tomás Morató, the monument was beautified with Carrara marble by Amberti, an Italian architect he had hired. Morató’s successors replaced the Italian marble with local marble.[3]

Museum

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Museo ni Manuel L. Quezon
Sarcophagi housing the remains of President Quezon and his wife
LocationQuezon Memorial Shrine, Quezon City
Key holdingsSarcophagus of Manuel L. Quezon
Nearest parkingOn site

At the base of the Quezon Memorial Shrine is the Museo ni Manuel L. Quezon (lit. 'Museum of Manuel L. Quezon'), a museum that has a collection of relics and memorabilia related to former President Manuel Quezon, as well as a mausoleum which houses the interred remains of Quezon and his wife Aurora Aragon Quezon.[8] The museum underwent a renovation by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines and was reopened on August 19, 2015, the former President’s birth anniversary.[11]

Other features of the museum include a hologram of Quezon delivering his inaugural speech, and interactive booths and terminals on the Commonwealth Era over which he ruled. The museum also has an audio-visual room screening a short documentary on Quezon and the museum, a gallery dedicated to Quezon's wife, Aurora, and a replica of Quezon's presidential office.[11]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e Pambansang Pang-alaalang Dambana ni Quezon (Marker outside monument) (in Filipino). Near on front of the museum entrance of Quezon Memorial Shrine: National Historical Commission of the Philippines. 2015.
  2. ^ Executive Order No. 79 (17 December 1945), Creating a Quezon Memorial Committee to Take Charge of the Nation-wide Campaign to Raise Funds for the Erection of a National Monument in Honor of the Late President Manuel L. Quezon, Malacañang Records Office: Official Gazette, retrieved 30 July 2016
  3. ^ a b Morato, Manuel (24 February 2000). "Keep Circle as a park". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
  4. ^ Presidential Decree No. 1 (24 September 1972), Reorganizing the Executive Branch of the National Government, Malacañang Records Office: Official Gazette, retrieved 30 July 2016
  5. ^ Tinio, Kristine Jade (27 April 2005). "MLQ, Doña Aurora 'reunite' at QC Shrine". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved August 15, 2024.
  6. ^ "NHCP Statement On Quezon Memorial's Designation As National Cultural Treasure". National Historical Commission of the Philippines. 29 December 2021. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  7. ^ Moaje, Marita (27 December 2021). "Quezon Memorial Shrine declared National Cultural Treasure". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on 27 December 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  8. ^ a b c "Quezon Memorial Shrine - Introduction". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
  9. ^ Lico, Gerard (2008). Arkitekturang Filipino: A History of Architecture and Urbanism in the Philippines. Quezon City: The University of the Philippines Press. p. 398. ISBN 978-971-542-579-7.
  10. ^ al.], Chris Rowthorn; Greg Bloom; Michael Day ... [et (2006). Philippines (9th ed.). Paris: Lonely planet. p. 85. ISBN 9781741042894.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ a b "The NHCP will Open the Modernized Museo ni Manuel Quezon at the Quezon Memorial Shrine". National Historical Commission of the Philippines. 11 August 2015. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
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