Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
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The Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, is a subsidiary agreement to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. It was created on 15 December 1989 and entered into force on 11 July 1991. As of July 2024, the Optional Protocol has 91 state parties. The most recent country to ratify was Cote D'Ivoire, on 3 May 2024.[1]
The Optional Protocol commits its members to the abolition of the death penalty within their borders, though Article 2.1 allows parties to make a reservation allowing execution "in time of war pursuant to a conviction for a most serious crime of a military nature committed during wartime" (Brazil, Chile, El Salvador).[2] Cyprus, Malta and Spain initially made such reservations, and subsequently withdrew them. Azerbaijan and Greece still retain this reservation on their implementation of the protocol, despite both having banned the death penalty in all circumstances. (Greece has also ratified Protocol no.13 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which abolishes capital punishment for all crimes).
See also
- First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
- Capital punishment by country
- List of most recent executions by jurisdiction
References
- ^ "12. Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
- ^ "Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, G.A. res. 44/128, annex, 44 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 49) at 207, U.N. Doc. A/44/49 (1989), entered into force July 11, 1991". University of Minnesota Human Rights Library. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
External links
- Text of the Protocol
- List of parties
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- Humans
- Children
- Intersex people
- Women
and philosophies
Distinctions | |
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Aspects |
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- Atrocity crime
- Crime of apartheid
- Crimes against humanity
- Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
- Enforced disappearances
- Forced migration
- Genocide
- Human rights abuses
- against Palestinians by Israel
- at Guantánamo Bay detention camp
- during the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017)
- during the Gaddafi regime
- during the Libyan civil war (2011)
- in Afghanistan
- in Algeria
- in Angola
- in Argentina
- in Armenia
- in Australia
- in Austria
- in Azad Kashmir
- in Azerbaijan
- in Bahrain
- in Balochistan
- in Bangladesh
- in Belarus
- in Bolivia
- in Botswana
- in Brazil
- in Burkina Faso
- in Burundi
- in Cambodia
- in Canada
- in Chile
- in Chile under Augusto Pinochet
- in China
- in Cuba
- in Egypt
- in El Salvador
- in Ethiopia
- in France
- in Gabon
- in Ghana
- in Germany
- in Guatemala
- in Hong Kong
- in Egypt
- in Haiti
- in India
- in Indonesia
- in Iran
- in Iraq
- in Ireland
- in Israel
- in Italy
- in Jammu and Kashmir
- in Japan
- in Kashmir
- in Kazakhstan
- in Kenya
- in Kuwait
- in Kyrgyzstan
- in Lebanon
- in Libya
- in Lithuania
- in Malawi
- in Malaysia
- in Manipur
- in Mexico
- in Morocco
- in Myanmar
- in Nepal
- in New Zealand
- in Nigeria
- in North Korea
- in Pakistan
- in Panama
- in Papua New Guinea
- in Peru
- in Poland
- in Punjab, India
- in Romania
- in the Russia
- in Saudi Arabia
- in Sierra Leone
- in Sindh
- in South Africa
- in South Korea
- in Sri Lanka
- in Sudan
- in Switzerland
- in Syria
- in Taiwan
- in Thailand
- in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- in the Dominican Republic
- in the Philippines
- in the Soviet Union
- in the State of Palestine
- in the United Arab Emirates
- in the United States
- in Turkey
- in Uganda
- in Ukraine
- in Uzbekistan
- in Venezuela
- in Vietnam
- in Yemen
- in Zimbabwe
- of the Marcos dictatorship
- of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985)
- Incitement to genocide
- List of human rights abuses by country
- Murder
- Persecution
- Rape
- Slavery
- Torture
- Victims
- War crimes
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