Siskiyou chipmunk
Siskiyou chipmunk | |
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Conservation status | |
![]() Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Rodentia |
Family: | Sciuridae |
Genus: | Neotamias |
Species: | N. siskiyou |
Binomial name | |
Neotamias siskiyou (A. H. Howell, 1922) | |
Synonyms | |
Tamias siskiyou A. H. Howell, 1922 |
The Siskiyou chipmunk (Neotamias siskiyou) is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is endemic to northern California and central Oregon in the United States.[1]
Anatomy and morphology
The Siskiyou chipmunk is closest in appearance to Allen's chipmunk (Neotamias senex) and the yellow-cheeked chipmunk (Neotamias ochrogenys).[2] Its coat is brown-gray, with a pattern of five dark brown and four gray stripes along its back; the central stripe tends to be blackish and darker in color compared to the other stripes.[2][3] Additionally, Neotamias siskiyou have three brown and two gray stripes on each cheek.[3] The specific appearance of the Siskiyou chipmunk varies due to the large geographic range the species inhabits, with larger and darker members found on the coasts compared to those found further inland.[4]
Distribution and habitat
Neotamias siskiyou is found in northern California, in Humboldt and Del Norte counties, as well as in Oregon, in the Siskiyou mountains.[5] The extent of the Siskiyou chipmunk is delineated in the south by the Klamath River, and in the north by the Rogue River.[4]
Behavior
Siskiyou chipmunks are most active early at night, but they also have behavioral peaks early in the morning and in the middle of the day.[3] They have a distinct call characterized by a single syllable, and usually communicate with an evenly-spaced series of these calls.[6]
Taxonomy
Neotamias siskiyou belongs to the Townsend group of chipmunks, which are a group of closely related chipmunk species inhabiting the western United States and Canada.[4] Other chipmunk species in this group include: Neotamias senex (Allen's chipmunk), Neotamias ochrogenys (Yellow-cheeked chipmunk), and Neotamias townsendii (Townsend's chipmunk).[2][7] This group of chipmunks was originally thought to be members of a single species. However, Sutton and Nadler cited lack of inter-breeding and the distinctive physical appearance of each type as indications that they were distinct species.[8]
References
- ^ a b Cassola, F. (2016). "Neotamias siskiyou". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T42580A22268201. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T42580A22268201.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
- ^ a b c Howell, Arthur H. (August 1922). "Diagnoses of Seven New Chipmunks of the Genus Eutamias, with a List of the American Species". Journal of Mammalogy. 3 (3): 178–185. doi:10.2307/1373666. ISSN 0022-2372. JSTOR 1373666.
- ^ a b c "Siskiyou chipmunk | Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife". myodfw.com. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ a b c Sutton, D. A.; Patterson, B. D. (2000-05-18). "Geographic Variation of the Western Chipmunks Tamias Senex and T. Siskiyou, with Two New Subspecies from California". Journal of Mammalogy. 81 (2): 299–316. doi:10.1093/jmammal/81.2.299. ISSN 1545-1542.
- ^ Sutton, Dallas A. (1987). "Analysis of Pacific Coast Townsend Chipmunks (Rodentia: Sciuridae)". The Southwestern Naturalist. 32 (3): 371–376. doi:10.2307/3671455. ISSN 0038-4909. JSTOR 3671455.
- ^ Gannon, W. L.; Lawlor, T. E. (1989-11-27). "Variation of the Chip Vocalization of Three Species of Townsend Chipmunks (Genus Eutamias)". Journal of Mammalogy. 70 (4): 740–753. doi:10.2307/1381708. ISSN 1545-1542. JSTOR 1381708.
- ^ Levenson, Howard; Hoffmann, Robert S.; Nadler, Charles F.; Deutsch, Ljerka; Freeman, Scott D. (1985). "Systematics of the Holarctic Chipmunks (Tamias)". Journal of Mammalogy. 66 (2): 219–242. doi:10.2307/1381236. ISSN 0022-2372. JSTOR 1381236.
- ^ Sutton, Dallas A.; Nadler, Charles F. (1974-07-26). "Systematic Revision of Three Townsend Chipmunks (Eutamias townsendii)". The Southwestern Naturalist. 19 (2): 199. doi:10.2307/3670280. JSTOR 3670280.
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(antelope squirrels)
- Harris's antelope squirrel (A. harrisii)
- Espíritu Santo antelope squirrel (A. insularis)
- Texas antelope squirrel (A. interpres)
- White-tailed antelope squirrel (A. leucurus)
- San Joaquin antelope squirrel (A. nelsoni)
(golden-mantled ground squirrels)
- Golden-mantled ground squirrel (C. lateralis)
- Sierra Madre ground squirrel (C. madrensis)
- Cascade golden-mantled ground squirrel (C. saturatus)
(prairie dogs)
- Gunnison's prairie dog (C. gunnisoni)
- White-tailed prairie dog (C. leucurus)
- Black-tailed prairie dog (C. ludovicianus)
- Mexican prairie dog (C. mexicanus)
- Utah prairie dog (C. parvidens)
- Siberian chipmunk (E. sibiricus)
(little ground squirrels)
- Mexican ground squirrel (I. mexicanus)
- Rio Grande ground squirrel (I. parvidens)
- Thirteen-lined ground squirrel (I. tridecemlineatus)
(marmots)
- Bobak marmot (M. bobak)
- Alaska marmot (M. broweri)
- Black-capped marmot (M. camtschatica)
- Long-tailed marmot (M. caudata)
- Himalayan marmot (M. himalayana)
- Alpine marmot (M. marmota)
- Menzbier's marmot (M. menzbieri)
- Groundhog or woodchuck (M. monax)
- Tarbagan marmot (M. sibirica)
Subgenus Petromarmota: Hoary marmot (M. caligata) - Yellow-bellied marmot (M. flaviventris)
- Olympic marmot (M. olympus)
- Vancouver Island marmot (M. vancouverensis)
(western chipmunks)
- Tropical ground squirrel (N. adocetus)
- Ring-tailed ground squirrel (N. annulatus)
(rock squirrels)
- Baja California rock squirrel (O. atricapillus)
- California ground squirrel (O. beecheyi)
- Rock squirrel (O. variegatus)
- Franklin's ground squirrel (P. franklinii)
(Asian rock squirrels)
- Père David's rock squirrel (S. davidianus)
- Forrest's rock squirrel (S. forresti)
(Old World ground squirrels)
- Alashan ground squirrel (S. alashanicus)
- Brandt’s ground squirrel (S. brevicauda)
- European ground squirrel (S. citellus)
- Daurian ground squirrel (S. dauricus)
- Red-cheeked ground squirrel (S. erythrogenys)
- Yellow ground squirrel (S. fulvus)
- Russet ground squirrel (S. major)
- Caucasian mountain ground squirrel (S. musicus)
- Tian Shan ground squirrel (S. nilkaensis)
- Pallid ground squirrel (S. pallidicauda)
- Little ground squirrel (S. pygmaeus)
- Relict ground squirrel (S. relictus)
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- Taurus ground squirrel (Spermophilus taurensis)
- Asia Minor ground squirrel (Spermophilus xanthoprymnus)
- Eastern chipmunk (T. striatus)
(Holarctic ground squirrels)
- Uinta ground squirrel (U. armatus)
- Belding's ground squirrel (U. beldingi)
- Northern Idaho ground squirrel (U. brunneus)
- Merriam's ground squirrel (U. canus)
- Columbian ground squirrel (U. columbianus)
- Wyoming ground squirrel (U. elegans)
- Southern Idaho ground squirrel (U. endemicus)
- Piute ground squirrel (U. mollis)
- Arctic ground squirrel (U. parryii)
- Richardson's ground squirrel (U. richardsonii)
- Townsend's ground squirrel (U. townsendii)
- Long-tailed ground squirrel (U. undulatus)
- Washington ground squirrel (U. washingtoni)
(pygmy ground squirrels)
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- Perote ground squirrel (X. perotensis)
- Spotted ground squirrel (X. spilosoma)
- Round-tailed ground squirrel (X. tereticaudus)