Taeniolabis

Taeniolabis Temporal range: Danian, 65–64 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Taeniolabis taoensis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	†Multituberculata
Family:	†Taeniolabididae
Genus:	†Taeniolabis Cope, 1882
Type species
Taeniolabis taoensis Cope, 1882
Other species
T. lamberti Simmons, 1987[1]

Taeniolabis ("banded incisor")^[2] is a genus of extinct multituberculate mammal from the Paleocene of North America.

Taeniolabis is a member of the Taeniolabidoidea, a superfamily of multituberculates that are known for their highly derived teeth, and a short wide snout with a blocky head.^[3] The teeth modifications were likely an adaptation for herbivory that may have resulted from rapid diversification of angiosperms at the very end of the Cretaceous, which would thus have created opportunities for novel specialization in herbivores.^[4] It is the largest known multituberculate, as well as the largest allotherian mammal,^[5][6] with T. taoensis weighing up to 34 kilograms (75 lb).^[7] Species under this genus have been known under other names.^[8] Taeniolabis taoensis is found frequently enough and in a very limited time range that it can be used as an index fossil for the Puercan faunal stage within Danian aged fossil deposits.^[9][10]

It is within the suborder of Cimolodonta and is a member of the superfamily Taeniolabidoidea. The genus was named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1882.^[11] Species have also been placed with the genera Catopsalis and Polymastodon.

• Taeniolabis lamberti was named by Nancy Simmons in 1987.^[12] It has been found in the Danian aged Tullock Formation of Montana. It is not quite as large as T. taoensis, but still a hefty size for a multituberculate, weighing around 11 kilograms (24 lb).^[13]

• Taeniolabis taoensis was originally named Taeniolabis sulcatus by Cope in 1882 as the type species of the genus.^[14] It was later renamed as T. taoensis. Known fossils date to approximately 64 million years of age.^[15] They are found in Danian aged deposits of the Nacimiento Formation of New Mexico, the Ravenscrag Formation of Saskatchewan and the Denver Formation of Colorado.^[16] This species likely had a roughly16 centimetres (6.3 in) long skull and had an average body mass of 22.7 kilograms (50 lb), which is approximately the size of a modern beaver. The species was once considered to have had a body mass of up to 100 kg and sized like a sheep^[17] or larger by extrapolating body size on the basis of their huge teeth. However, improved analyses and the realization that the teeth were extraordinarily robust due to herbivory rather has generally disproved that.^[18][19]

• "Taeniolabis". The Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
• Cope, E.D. (1882). "Geology and Paleontology, A new genus of Taeniodonta". American Naturalist. 16 (7): 604–605.

• Dykes, Trevor. "Mesozoic Mammals; Eucosmodontidae, Microcosmodontidae and Taeniolabidoidea, an internet directory". Archived from the original on 16 July 2012.

• Kielan-Jaworowska, Zofia; Hurum, J.H. (2001). "Phylogeny and Systematics of Multituberculate Mammals". Palaeontology. 44 (3): 389–429. Bibcode:2001Palgy..44..389K. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00185.
• Krause, David W.; Hoffmann, Simone; Lyson, Tyler R.; Dougan, Lindsay G.; Petermann, Holger; Tecza, Adrienne; Chester, Stephen G. B.; Miller, Ian M. (13 December 2021). "New Skull Material of Taeniolabis taoensis (Multituberculata, Taeniolabididae) from the Early Paleocene (Danian) of the Denver Basin, Colorado". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 28 (4): 1083–1143. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09584-3. PMC 8667543. PMID 34924738.
• Palmer, T.S. (1904). "Index Generum Mammalium: a List of the Genera and Families of Mammals". North American Fauna. 23: 659. doi:10.3996/nafa.23.0001.
• Rose, Kenneth David (2006). The beginning of the age of mammals. Baltimore: JHU Press. ISBN 978-0801884726.
• Simmons, Nancy B. (1987). "A Revision of Taeniolabis (Mammalia: Multituberculata), with a New Species from the Puercan of Eastern Montana". Journal of Paleontology. 61 (4): 794–808. Bibcode:1987JPal...61..794S. doi:10.1017/S0022336000029140. S2CID 133216712.

• Williamson, Thomas E.; Brusatte, Stephen L.; Secord, Ross; Shelley, Sarah (May 2016). "A new taeniolabidoid multituberculate (Mammalia) from the middle Puercan of the Nacimiento Formation, New Mexico, and a revision of taeniolabidoid systematics and phylogeny: Revision of Taeniolabidoidea". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 177 (1): 183–208. doi:10.1111/zoj.12336.
• Wilson, Gregory P.; Evans, Alistair R.; Corfe, Ian J.; Smits, Peter D.; Fortelius, Mikael; Jernvall, Jukka (2012). "Adaptive radiation of multituberculate mammals before the extinction of dinosaurs". Nature. 483 (7390): 457–460. Bibcode:2012Natur.483..457W. doi:10.1038/nature10880. PMID 22419156. S2CID 4419772.

• Cope, E.D. (1882). "Mammalia in the Laramie Formation". American Naturalist. 16 (10): 830–831.
• Kielan-Jaworowska, Zofia; Hurum, J.H. (2001). "Phylogeny and Systematics of Multituberculate Mammals". Palaeontology. 44 (3): 389–429. Bibcode:2001Palgy..44..389K. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00185.
• Osborn and Earle (1895), "Fossil mammals of the Puerco beds." Collection of 1892. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. VII, p. 1-70, with 21 figs.
• Granger and Simpson (1929), "A revision of the Tertiary Multituberculata." Bulletin Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 56, p. 601-676, 43 figs.

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Allotheria

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Clade: Theriiformes
Synapsida see Synapsida Cynodontia see Cynodontia Mammalia see Mammalia Allotheria see below↓

Allotheria
Allotheria Haramiyida? Gondwanatheria? Adalatherium Groeberiidae? Ferugliotheriidae? Argentodites? Ferugliotherium LACM 149371? Magallanodon Trapalcotherium Sudamericidae Bharattherium Galulatherium Gondwanatherium Greniodon? Lavanify Patagonia? Sudamerica Vintana Multituberculata Argillomys Baidabatyr? Hahnotherium Janumys Tagaria Tashtykia Gondwanatheria? Hahnodontidae? Allodontoidea Arginbaatar Glirodon Zofiabaatar Allodontidae Ctenacodon Passumys Psalodon Paulchoffatioidea Pinheirodontidae Bernardodon Bructerodon Cantalera Ecprepaulax Gerhardodon Iberodon Lavocatia Pinheirodon Paulchoffatiidae Bathmochoffatia Galveodon Guimarotodon Henkelodon Kielanodon Kuehneodon Meketibolodon Meketichoffatia Paulchoffatia Plesiochoffatia Pseudobolodon Renatodon Rugosodon Sunnyodon Xenachoffatia Plagiaulacoidea Plagiaulacidae Bolodon Morrisonodon Plagiaulax Eobaataridae Cheruscodon Dolichoprion Eobaatar Hakusanobaatar Heishanobaatar Iberica Indobaatar Liaobaatar Loxaulax Monobaatar? Nokerbaatar Parendotherium Sinobaatar Tedoribaatar Teutonodon Albionbaataridae Albionbaatar Kielanobaatar Proalbionbaatar Cimolodonta see below↓

Cimolodonta
Cimolodonta Allocodon Ameribaatar Boffius Corriebaatar Fractinus Halodon Uzbekbaatar Viridomys Gondwanatheria? Paracimexomys group Bryceomys Cedaromys Cimexomys Dakotamys Paracimexomys Cimolomyidae Buginbaatar Cimolomys Essonodon Meniscoessus Paressodon Parikimys Kogaionidae Barbatodon Hainina Kogaionon Litovoi Eucosmodontidae Clemensodon Eucosmodon Stygimys Microcosmodontidae Acheronodon Microcosmodon Pentacosmodon Ptilodontoidea Filikomys Neoliotomus Cimolodontidae Anconodon Cimolodon Liotomus Neoplagiaulacidae Cernaysia Ectypodus Krauseia Mesodma Mesodmops Mimetodon Neoplagiaulax Nidimys Parectypodus Paressonodon Xanclomys Xyronomys Ptilodontidae Aenigmamys Baiotomeus Kimbetohia Prochetodon Ptilodus Taeniolabidoidea Bubodens? Catopsalis Erythrobaatar Valenopsalis Yubaatar Lambdopsalidae Lambdopsalis Prionessus Sphenopsalis Taeniolabididae Kimbetopsalis Taeniolabis Djadochtatherioidea Bulganbaatar Chulsanbaatar Nemegtbaatar Sloanbaataridae Kamptobaatar Nessovbaatar Sloanbaatar Djadochtatheriidae Catopsbaatar Djadochtatherium Kryptobaatar Mangasbaatar Tombaatar

• See also: Plagiaulacida
• Category