Tang Shaoyi

Chinese politician; first Premier of the Republic of China (1862–1938)

唐紹儀

1st Premier of the Republic of ChinaIn office
5 August – 19 September 1922PresidentLi YuanhongPreceded byYan HuiqingSucceeded byWang ChonghuiIn office
13 March – 27 June 1912PresidentYuan ShikaiPreceded byPosition establishedSucceeded byLu ZhengxiangMinister of Mail and CommunicationsIn office
26 October – 1 November 1911MonarchXuantong EmperorPrime MinisterYikuang, Prince Qing (cabinet)Preceded bySheng XuanhuaiSucceeded byYang Shiqi (acting)In office
17 August 1910 – 6 January 1911
(acting)MonarchXuantong EmperorPreceded byXu ShichangSucceeded bySheng XuanhuaiChinese Consul-general in KoreaIn office
1896 – 1897Preceded byPosition establishedSucceeded byTang Zhaoxian (acting) Personal detailsBorn(1862-01-02)2 January 1862
Xiangshan County, Guangdong, Qing dynasty, ChinaDied30 September 1938(1938-09-30) (aged 76)
Shanghai, Republic of ChinaPolitical partyUnity PartyAlma materQueen's College, Hong Kong
Columbia UniversityChinese nameTraditional Chinese唐紹儀Simplified Chinese唐绍仪

Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Táng Shàoyí
Wade–Giles	T'ang² Shao⁴-i²
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization	Tòhng Siuh Yìh
Jyutping	Tong4 Siu6 Ji4

Tang Shaoyi (Chinese: 唐紹儀; 2 January 1862 – 30 September 1938), also spelled Tong Shao Yi, courtesy name Shaochuan (少川), was a Chinese statesman who briefly served as the first Premier of the Republic of China in 1912. In 1938, he was assassinated by the staff of the Bureau of Investigation and Statistics in Shanghai.

Early life

Tang was a native of Xiangshan County, Guangdong. Tang was educated in the United States, attending elementary school in Springfield, Massachusetts, and high school in Hartford, Connecticut.^[1] He later studied at Queen's College, Hong Kong, and then Columbia University in New York on the Chinese Educational Mission. He was a member of Columbia College's class of 1882 before being recalled back to China by the Qing government.^[2] Tong was a classmate and close friend of future Columbia president Nicholas Murray Butler.^[3]

Career

Tang was a friend of Yuan Shikai; and during the Xinhai Revolution, negotiated on the latter's behalf in Shanghai with the revolutionaries' Wu Tingfang, ending up with the recognition of Yuan as President of the Republic of China. He had been a diplomat with Yuan Shikai's staff in Korea.^[1] In 1900, he was appointed head of the Shandong Bureau of Foreign Affairs under governor Yuan Shikai.^[1]

Widely respected, he became the Republic's first Prime Minister in 1912, but quickly grew disillusioned with Yuan's lack of respect for the rule of law and resigned.^[4] He later took part in Sun Yat-sen's government in Guangzhou. Tang Shaoyi opposed, on constitutional grounds, Sun's taking of the "Extraordinary Presidency" in 1921; Tang resigned from his position. In 1924, he refused an offer to be foreign minister under warlord Duan Qirui's provisional government in Beijing.

Assassination

In 1937, Tang bought a house on Route Ferguson in the Shanghai French Concession and retired there.^[5] The following year, the Japanese invaded and occupied Shanghai (though not yet the foreign concessions). Japanese general Kenji Doihara attempted to recruit Tang to become president of the new pro-Japanese puppet government, and Tang was willing to negotiate with the Japanese. The Kuomintang's intelligence agency Juntong learned about the negotiation, and its chief Dai Li ordered his assassination. On 30 September 1938, Tang was killed in his living room by a Juntong squad who pretended to be antique sellers.^[6]

Family

Tang Shaoyi's daughter Tang Baoyue (English name May Tang) was married to the prominent diplomat V. K. Wellington Koo. She died in October 1918 during the 1918 flu pandemic, after falling ill for only a week.^[7] Another daughter Lora Tang was married to the well-known Singapore philanthropist Lee Seng Gee, former chairman of the Lee Foundation. Another daughter from his first wife, Isobel, was married to Henry K. Chang (Chang Chien), the Chinese Ambassador and Consul General at San Francisco (1929).^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Wang, Ke-wen (1997). Modern China: an encyclopedia of history, culture, and nationalism. Routledge, London. p. 348. ISBN 9780203306345.
^ Columbia University. Office of the President (1891). Annual report. Columbia University Libraries. [New York : The University].
^ "Columbia and China in History | Columbia Global Centers". globalcenters.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2022-02-06.
^ John Stuart Thomson (1913). China revolutionized. INDIANAPOLIS: The Bobbs-Merrill company. p. 105.
^ 武康路与民国第一任总理唐绍仪血案 [Wukang Road and the assassination of Tang Shaoyi] (in Chinese). China.com.cn. 22 November 2012. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
^ Wakeman, Frederic E. (2002). The Shanghai Badlands: Wartime Terrorism and Urban Crime, 1937-1941. Cambridge University Press. p. 48. ISBN 9780521528719.
^ Craft, Stephan G. (2004). V.K. Wellington Koo and the Emergence of Modern China. University Press of Kentucky. p. 45. ISBN 9780813127286.
^ Hinners, David G. (1999). Tong Shao-Yi and His Family. University Press of America. p. 102. ISBN 0-7618-1392-6.