Trepak

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Trepak (Russian: трeпак) or tropak (Ukrainian: трoпак) is a traditional East Slavic folk dance (Russian and Ukrainian).^[1][2]

Russian researchers have pointed out the similarities to the Kamarinskaya or Barynya, meanwhile Ukrainian researchers have compared it to the Hopak with nuances of a Kozachok.^[3]

The dance is included in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, whose form is preserved in Tacheng.^[4]

The dance is a brisk allegro in ²
₄ time in a major key. Accompaniment is usually on two alternating chords; dominant and tonic.

Ukrainian folk lyrics mostly mention female solo dancers performing the Tropak, sometimes there are mentions of paired dancing.^[3]

The "Neva variation" (in the Moscow production, the Moskva River) in Marius Petipa's ballet "The Pharaoh's Daughter" (1862) ended with a Trepak.^{[citation needed]}

The third of Anton Rubinstein's Seven National Dances, Op.82 (1868) is named "Russkaya I Trepak" and is split into two movements.^[5]

The third of Modest Mussorgsky's Songs and Dances of Death (mid-1870s) is named "Trepak".

The dance was also used in the last movement of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 35 (1878).^{[citation needed]}

The sixth of Zygmunt Noskowski's Ruthenian Melodies (Mélodies ruthéniennes)^[6], Op. 33 (1981) is named "Tropak".^[7]

One of its best known representations is "Trepak" (also known as the "Russian Dance") from Tchaikovsky's ballet The Nutcracker (1892).^{[citation needed]}

It is featured in the “Dance and Song of the Skomorokhs” from the first scene of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov's opera-bylina “Sadko” (1897).^{[citation needed]}

"Oy, hop tyny-ny" is an arrangement of a Ukrainian folk variant by Mykola Lysenko and Marko Kropyvnytskyi, it's among the few works that contain lyrics.^{[citation needed]}

The "Russian dance" in Igor Stravinsky's ballet Petrushka (1911) features a Trepak.^{[citation needed]}

An arrangement of a Ukrainian folk variant for orchestra and soprano titled "Tropak" by Louis Katzman has been recorded in 1928 at Brunswick records in the USA.^[8]

The soundtrack of Disney's Fantasia also feautures a Trepak.^{[citation needed]}

Hlib Taranov's "Concerto for Balalaika and Bandura with orchestra" (1954) features a Tropak.^{[citation needed]}

The Harmonies orchestra of Vasily Varshavsky possibly created the first audio recording of a Trepak in 1905.^{[citation needed]}

The Russian researcher Larisa Timoshenko describes the process as follows: "The Trepak usually began with an “entrance.” The man who wanted to dance would step into the middle of the circle, straighten up, tilt his head back slightly, put his hands on his hips or cross them over his chest, and stand there for a while, concentrating before the dance and allowing the audience to feel the importance of the moment. After a few seconds, another dancer would come out to meet him and take the same pose. The accordionists would sharply stretch the bellows of their accordions, the first dancer would strike the ground with the sole of his foot, wave his arms widely, with his right arm raised higher than his left, and the dance would begin. One stood in place, performing various knee movements with his feet, moving his shoulders and the entire upper part of his torso. The other dancer spun around in place, threw himself to his knees, rushed around in a squat, crawled, twisted, and kicked his legs in different directions. All this was performed with enthusiasm, passion, and complete dedication."^[9]

The characteristic element is a simple walk with a syncopated stamp, often done to a quick duple meter rhythm.^{[citation needed]}

On So You Think You Can Dance (Season 4), Joshua Allen and Stephen "Twitch" Boss performed a Trepak routine, interpreted as a dance duel, in Week 9 (August 6, 2008).^{[citation needed]}