Under Secretary of State for Democracy and Global Affairs
United States Under Secretary of State for Democracy and Global Affairs | |
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Inaugural holder | Tim Wirth |
Formation | 1994 |
Final holder | Maria Otero |
Abolished | February 4, 2013 |
Website | Official website |
The Under Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs is a former position within the United States Department of State that, according to the Department website, "coordinates U.S. foreign relations on a variety of global issues, including democracy, human rights, and labor; environment, oceans, and science; population, refugees, and migration; women's issues; and trafficking in persons." The office was last held by Maria Otero.[1] Other former Under Secretaries were Timothy Wirth, Frank E. Loy,[2] and Paula Dobriansky.
The State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 states the Under Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs had the responsibility to coordinate with the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs and other offices from regional bureaus to promote democracy in nondemocratic countries. The Under Secretary also advises the Secretary of the Department of State of the effects on human rights and democracy on a foreign country on any recommendation requested by another official, or any agency program.[3] The position was created when Section 161(b) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 authorized the appointment of a fifth Under Secretary of State.[2]
Change
On January 17, 2012, the Office of the Under Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs (State Department designation G) became the Under Secretary of State for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights (State Department designation J).
List of Under Secretaries of State for Democracy and Global Affairs, 1994—2012
Name | Assumed office | Left office | President served under |
---|---|---|---|
Tim Wirth | May 12, 1994[4] | December 23, 1997 | Bill Clinton |
Frank E. Loy | October 26, 1998 | January 20, 2001 | Bill Clinton |
Paula Dobriansky | May 1, 2001 | January 20, 2009 | George W. Bush |
Maria Otero | August 10, 2009 | February 4, 2013 | Barack Obama |
References
- ^ "Under Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs". Retrieved September 30, 2009.
- ^ a b "Under Secretaries of State for Global Affairs". Retrieved September 22, 2007.
- ^ "Search Results - Thomas (Library of Congress)". Retrieved September 22, 2007.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Wirth was appointed as Counselor on April 22, 1993.
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Deputy Secretary of State for
Management and Resources
- Office of Foreign Assistance
- Bureau of Cyberspace and Digital Policy
- Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization
- Office of the U.S. Coordinator for the Arctic Region
Political Affairs
- Bureau of African Affairs
- Bureau of Counterterrorism
- Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs
- Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs
- Bureau of International Organization Affairs (United States Mission to the United Nations)
- Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs
- Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs
- Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs
Growth, Energy, and the Environment
- Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs
- Bureau of Energy Resources
- Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs
- Office of the Chief Economist
- Office of Global Food Security
- Office of Global Partnerships
- Office of the Science and Technology Advisor to the Secretary
and International Security
- Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance
- Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation
- Bureau of Political-Military Affairs
- International Security Advisory Board
Diplomacy and Public Affairs
- Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs
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- Global Engagement Center
- International Expositions Unit
- Office of Global Youth Issues
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- United States Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy
for Management
- Bureau of Administration
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- Bureau of Consular Affairs
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- Foreign Service Institute (Office of the Historian)
- Office of Foreign Missions
- Director of Diplomatic Reception Rooms
- Office of Management Strategy and Solutions
- Office of White House Liaison
Democracy, and Human Rights
- Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations
- Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
- Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs
- Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration
- Office of Global Criminal Justice
- Office of International Religious Freedom
- Office of the Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism
- Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons
directly to the Secretary
- Chief of Staff
- Office of the Counselor
- Bureau of Global Health Security and Diplomacy
- Bureau of Intelligence and Research
- Bureau of Legislative Affairs
- Executive Secretariat (Operations Center)
- Policy Planning Staff (Foreign Affairs Policy Board)
- Office of Civil Rights
- Office of Diversity and Inclusion
- Office of Global Women's Issues
- Office of Inspector General
- Office of the Chief of Protocol
- Office of the Legal Adviser
- Office of the Ombudsman
- Office of the Secretary's Special Representative for Syria Engagement
- Office of the Special Envoy for Critical and Emerging Technology
- Office of the Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs
- Office of the Special Presidential Envoy for Climate
- Office of the Special Representative for Venezuela
- Office of the United States Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority
- Office of the U.S. Special Coordinator for the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment
- Iran Action Group
- Foreign Service Grievance Board
- Secretary's Open Forum