Western small-footed bat
Western small-footed bat | |
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Conservation status | |
![]() Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Chiroptera |
Family: | Vespertilionidae |
Genus: | Myotis |
Species: | M. ciliolabrum |
Binomial name | |
Myotis ciliolabrum (Merriam, 1886)[2] | |
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The western small-footed bat (Myotis ciliolabrum), also known as the western small-footed myotis, is a species of vesper bat native to North America.
Description
Western small-footed bats are relatively small bats, having a total length of 8 to 10 cm (3.1 to 3.9 in), and a wingspan of about 24 cm (9.4 in). They weigh just 4 to 5 g (0.14 to 0.18 oz), with females being larger than males. Their fur is yellowish-brown in color, with paler, sometimes white, underparts. The muzzle and chin are black, as are the 11 to 16 mm (0.43 to 0.63 in) long ears. The tail is 3 to 5 cm (1.2 to 2.0 in) in length, but is almost entirely enclosed within the uropatagium, with only the tip extending beyond it. As the common name indicates, the feet are unusually small, being about half the length of the tibia.[3]
The bats have a wing aspect ratio of 6.1 and a wing loading of 6.7 N/m2, which are both relatively low values for bats.[4] They are very similar in appearance to the closely related California myotis, with which they share some of their range; the two species can be distinguished in that the latter does not have the black "face mask" of the small-footed species.[3]
Distribution
Western small-footed bats are found across much of the western half of North America, from southern British Columbia and Saskatchewan in the north down to Baja California, Zacatecas, and Nuevo León in the south. Within this region, they are most common arid and semiarid habitats, such as deserts and badlands, but may be found in pine or juniper forests, especially at higher elevations. They are found from 300 to 3,300 m (980 to 10,830 ft).[3] Two subspecies are recognised:
- M. c. ciliolabrum - Western and southern parts of the range, from British Columbia to Mexico
- M. c. melanorhinus - Northeastern parts of the range, from Alberta to Kansas
Biology and behavior
Western small-footed bats are nocturnal and insectivorous, feeding on moths, beetles, and flies.[5] Their flight is slow but maneuverable,[4] and they often feed close to water or to rocky bluffs.[3] Their echolocation calls vary in different parts of their range, but have been recorded as lasting 1-3 milliseconds, with a sweep of 60 down to 40 kHz in Washington state.[6] They often roost during the day in caves, but may also be found in smaller crevices, artificial structures, or under loose bark. Males typically roost alone, but females may gather into small groups of up to nineteen individuals when nursing young.[3] They hibernate during the winter, typically alone.[7] The bats give birth to a single young between June and July. The young are hairless and born, and have been recorded as weighing 1.1 g (0.039 oz).[3]
References
- ^ Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Álvarez-Castañeda, S.T. (2017). "Myotis ciliolabrum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T14153A22058110. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T14153A22058110.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
- ^ Arroyo-Cabrales, J. & Ticul Alvarez Castaneda, S. (2008). "Myotis ciliolabrum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 8 February 2010.{{cite iucn}}: old-form url (help)
- ^ a b c d e f Holloway, G.L. & Barclay, R.M.R. (2001). "Myotis ciliolabrum". Mammalian Species. 670: Number 670: pp. 1–5. doi:10.1644/1545-1410(2001)670<0001:MC>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 198968649.
- ^ a b Norberg, U.M. & Rayner, J.M.V. (1987). "Ecological morphology and flight in bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): wing adaptations, flight performance, foraging strategy and echolocation" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 316 (1179): 335–427. Bibcode:1987RSPTB.316..335N. doi:10.1098/rstb.1987.0030. S2CID 84236246. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-02-20.
- ^ Warner, R.M. (1985). "Interspecific and temporal dietary variation in an Arizona bat community". Journal of Mammalogy. 66 (1): 45–51. doi:10.2307/1380954. JSTOR 1380954.
- ^ Thomas, D.W.; et al. (1987). "Variation in echolocation call frequencies recorded from North American vespertilionid bats: a cautionary note". Journal of Mammalogy. 68 (4): 842–847. doi:10.2307/1381562. JSTOR 1381562.
- ^ Szewczak, J.M.; et al. (1998). "Bats of the White and Inyo mountains of California–Nevada". Western North American Naturalist. 58 (1): 66–75.
- v
- t
- e
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Chordata
- Class: Mammalia
- Order: Chiroptera
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Large-footed bat (M. adversus)
- Southern myotis (M. aelleni)
- Silver-tipped myotis (M. albescens)
- Myotis alcathoe (M. alcathoe)
- Szechwan myotis (M. altarium)
- Anjouan myotis (M. anjouanensis)
- Annamit myotis (M. annamiticus)
- M. annatessae
- Hairy-faced bat (M. annectans)
- Atacama myotis (M. atacamensis)
- Peters's myotis (M. ater)
- Sir David Attenborough's myotis (M. attenboroughi)
- Southwestern myotis (M. auriculus)
- Australian myotis (M. australis)
- Southeastern myotis (M. austroriparius)
- Chestnut myotis (M. badius)
- M. bartelsi
- Bechstein's bat (M. bechsteinii)
- Lesser mouse-eared bat (M. blythii)
- Rufous mouse-eared bat (M. bocagii)
- Far Eastern myotis (M. bombinus)
- Brandt's bat (M. brandtii)
- Bocharic myotis (M. bucharensis)
- California myotis (M. californicus)
- Long-fingered bat (M. capaccinii)
- Chilean myotis (M. chiloensis)
- Large myotis (M. chinensis)
- Western small-footed bat (M. ciliolabrum)
- Guatemalan myotis (M. cobanensis)
- Cryptic myotis (Myotis crypticus)
- Csorba's mouse-eared bat (M. csorbai)
- Pond bat (M. dasycneme)
- Daubenton's bat (M. daubentonii)
- David's myotis (M. davidii)
- Kock's mouse-eared bat (M. dieteri)
- M. diminutus
- Dominican myotis (M. dominicensis)
- Elegant myotis (M. elegans)
- Geoffroy's bat (M. emarginatus)
- M. escalerai
- Long-eared myotis (M. evotis)
- M. fimbriatus
- Findley's myotis (M. findleyi)
- M. flavus
- Hodgson's bat (M. formosus)
- Cinnamon myotis (M. fortidens)
- Fraternal myotis (M. frater)
- Gomantong myotis (M. gomantongensis)
- Malagasy mouse-eared bat (M. goudoti)
- Gray bat (M. grisescens)
- Armenian whiskered bat (M. hajastanicus)
- M. handleyi
- Lesser large-footed bat (M. hasseltii)
- Herman's myotis (M. hermani)
- Horsfield's bat (M. horsfieldii)
- M. hyrcanicus
- Ikonnikov's bat (M. ikonnikovi)
- M. indochinensis
- Insular myotis (M. insularum)
- M. izecksohni
- Hairy-legged myotis (M. keaysi)
- Keen's myotis (M. keenii)
- Chinese water myotis (M. laniger)
- M. lavali
- Eastern small-footed myotis (M. leibii)
- Yellowish myotis (M. levis)
- Kashmir cave bat (M. longipes)
- Little brown bat (M. lucifugus)
- Eastern long-fingered bat (M. macrodactylus)
- M. macropus
- Pallid large-footed myotis (M. macrotarsus)
- Schwartz's myotis (M. martiniquensis)
- Dark-nosed small-footed myotis (M. melanorhinus)
- M. midastactus
- Maluku myotis (M. moluccarum)
- Burmese whiskered bat (M. montivagus)
- Morris's bat (M. morrisi)
- Wall-roosting mouse-eared bat (M. muricola)
- Greater mouse-eared bat (M. myotis)
- Whiskered bat (M. mystacinus)
- Natterer's bat (M. nattereri)
- Curacao myotis (M. nesopolus)
- Black myotis (M. nigricans)
- Nimba mountain bat (M. nimbaensis)
- Nepal myotis (M. nipalensis)
- M. nyctor
- Arizona myotis (M. occultus)
- Singapore whiskered bat (M. oreias)
- Montane myotis (M. oxyotus)
- Peninsular myotis (M. peninsularis)
- Beijing mouse-eared bat (M. pequinius)
- Eastern water bat (M. petax)
- M. phanluongi
- Flat-headed myotis (M. planiceps)
- Frosted myotis (M. pruinosus)
- Felten's myotis (M. punicus)
- Rickett's big-footed bat (M. ricketti)
- Ridley's bat (M. ridleyi)
- Riparian myotis (M. riparius)
- Thick-thumbed myotis (M. rosseti)
- Red myotis (M. ruber)
- Schaub's myotis (M. schaubi)
- Scott's mouse-eared bat (M. scotti)
- Northern long-eared bat (M. septentrionalis)
- M. sibiricus
- Mandelli's mouse-eared bat (M. sicarius)
- Himalayan whiskered bat (M. siligorensis)
- Velvety myotis (M. simus)
- Indiana bat (M. sodalis)
- Kei myotis (M. stalkeri)
- M. taiwanensis
- Fringed myotis (M. thysanodes)
- Cape hairy bat (M. tricolor)
- Cave myotis (M. velifer)
- M. vivesi
- Long-legged myotis (M. volans)
- Welwitsch's bat (M. welwitschii)
- Yanbaru whiskered bat (M. yanbarensis)
- Yuma myotis (M. yumanensis)
- Zenati myotis (Myotis zenatius)
- S. caliginosus
- Taiwan broad-muzzled myotis (S. latirostris)
- S. moupinensis