Dynamis
Dynamis, dijuluki Philoromaios (bahasa Yunani: Δύναμις Φιλορωμαῖος, Dynamis, sahabat Roma, skt. 67 SM – 8 M), merupakan seorang ratu klien Kerajaan Bosporos selama Republik Romawi Akhir dan bagian dari rezim Augustus, Kaisar Romawi pertama. Dynamis dalam bahasa Yunani kuno berarti “yang kuat”.[1] Ia adalah seorang penguasa keturunan Iran dan Makedonia Yunani. Ia merupakan putri dari Raja Farnakes II dari Pontos dan istri Sarmatianya.[2] Ia memiliki seorang kakanda bernama Darius dan seorang adik laki-laki bernama Arsakes.[3] Kakek neneknya dari pihak ayahandanya adalah penguasa Kerajaan Pontos, Mithridates VI dari Pontos dan istri pertamanya Laodike, yang juga adalah saudarinya. Dynamis menikah tiga kali. Suami-suaminya adalah Asander, seorang pria bernama Scribonius dan Polemon I dari Pontos. Menurut Rostovtzeff, ia juga memiliki suami keempat yang bernama Aspurgos.
Lihat pula
- Kerajaan Bosporos
Catatan
Referensi
- Sumber pertama
- Appian, The Civil Wars, Penguin Classics, 1996; ISBN 978-0140445091
- Cassius Dio, Roman History, vol. 5, Books 46-50 (Loeb Classical Library), Loeb, 1989; ISBN 978-0674990913
- Cassius Dio, Roman History, vol. 6, Books 51-55 (Loeb Classical Library), Loeb, 1989; ISBN 978-0674990920
- Strabo, Geography, vol. 5, Books 10-12 (Loeb Classical Library), Loeb, 1989; ISBN 978-0674992337
- Sumber kedua
- Braund, D., Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of the Client Kingship, Palgrave Macmillan, 1984; ISBN 978-0312692100; Kindle Edition, Routledge, 2014; ASIN: B00JKEYVK2
- Gabelko, O. L., (2009). "The dynastic history of the Hellenistic monarchies of Asia Minor according to the "Chronography" of George Synkellos". Dalam Højte, L. M., (ed.),. Mithridates VI and the Pontic Kingdom. Black Sea Studies. Vol. 9. Aarhus University Press. Diakses tanggal 2015-03-03. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link) ISBN 978-8779344433
- Gajdukevic, V., Das bosporanische Reich, Akademie-Vlg. in AG mit Hermann Böhlaus Nachf. Berlin/Köln, 1971; ISBN 978-3050004259
- Kersley, R. A., Women and Public Life in Imperial Asia Minor, in Tsetskhladze, G. R., (ed.), Ancient West & East, Vol 4, No.1, BRILL, 2010; ISBN 978-9004141766 [2]
- Macurdy, G., Vassal - Queens and Some Contemporary Women in the Roman Empire, Johns Hopkins Press, 1937; ASIN: B000WUFYY0
- Mayor, A., (2009), The Poison King: the life and legend of Mithradates, Rome’s deadliest enemy, Princeton University Press. ASIN: B003V5WKPE
- Minns, E., H., (2011) Scythians and Greeks, A Survey of Ancient History and Archaeology on the North Coast of the Euxine from the Danube to the Caucasus, Cambridge Library Collection – Archaeology, Cambridge University Press; reissue edition, 2011 (original edition 1913); ISBN 978-1108024877 [3]
- Rose, C. B., "Princes" and Barbarians on the Ara Pacis, American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 94, No. 3 (July 1990), pp. 453–467 [4][pranala nonaktif permanen]
- Rostovtzeff, M., Queen Dynamis of Bosporus, The Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. 39 (1919), pp. 88–109
- Smith, W., (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, articles on Asander [5], Pharnaces II [6], Polemon I [7]; Scribonius [8]
- Sullivan, R.D., Dynasts in Pontus, ANRW II 7.2 (1980) pp. 919–20;
- Salisbury, J. E., (2001). Encyclopedia of women in the ancient world, illustrated edition. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-092-5. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
- Syme, R., (1995). Anatolica: studies in Strabo. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-814943-3. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
- Ustinova. Y., (1998). The supreme gods of the Bosporan Kingdom: Celestial Aphrodite and the Most High God (Religions in the Graeco-Roman World). BRILL (1770). ISBN 978-9004112315.
Pranala luar
- A picture of a Bronze Bust of Dynamis on page 90 from the Encyclopedia of women in the ancient world. In this picture Dynamis, is wearing a Royal Persian Headdress called the Tiara Orthe, covered with stars. In Dynamis’ portrait, she may have imitated one of Livia’s hairstyles.
- "Ancient Coinage of Bosporos, Kings". Ancient Coins: Roman, Greek, Byzantine and Celtic Numismatic Reference for Attribution and Values. WildWinds Ltd. Diakses tanggal 2015-03-19.
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- Ptolemaios I Soter
- Ptolemaios Keraunos
- Ptolemaios II Philadelphos
- Ptolemaios III Euergetes
- Ptolemaios IV Philopator
- Ptolemaios V Epiphanes
- Kleopatra I (pemangku takhta)
- Ptolemaios VI Philometor
- Ptolemaios VII Neos Philopator
- Kleopatra II Philometor Soter
- Ptolemaios VIII Physkon
- Kleopatra III
- Ptolemaios IX Lathyros
- Ptolemaios X Alexandros
- Berenike III
- Ptolemaios XI Alexandros
- Ptolemaios XII Auletes
- Kleopatra V
- Kleopatra VI
- Berenike IV
- Ptolemaios XIII Theos Philopator
- Ptolemaios XIV
- Kleopatra VII Philopator
- Ptolemaios XV Caesarion
- Seleukos I Nikator
- Antiokhos I Soter
- Antiokhos II Theos
- Seleukos II Kallinikos
- Seleukos III Soter
- Antiokhos yang Agung
- Seleukos IV Filopator
- Antiokhos IV Epifanes
- Antiokhos V Eupator
- Demetrios I Soter
- Alexandros Balas
- Demetrios II Nikator
- Antiokhos VI Dionysos
- Diodotos Tryphon
- Antiokhos VII Sidetes
- Aleksander II Zabinas
- Seleukos V Filomitor
- Antiokhos VIII Grypos
- Antiokhos IX Kyzikinos
- Seleukos VI Epifanis
- Antiokhos X Eusebes
- Antiokhos XI Epifanis
- Demetrius III Eukaerus
- Filipos I Filadelfus
- Antiokhos XII Dionisos
- Seleukos VII Filomitor
- Antiokhos XIII Asiaticus
- Filipos II Filoromaios
- Kassandros
- Filipus IV
- Alexandros V
- Antipatros II
- Antipatros Etesias
- Sosthenes
- Diodotos I
- Diodotos II
- Euthydimos I
- Demetrios I
- Euthydimos II
- Antimakhos I
- Pantaleon
- Agathoklis
- Demetrios II
- Eukraditis I
- Plato
- Eukraditis II
- Heliokles I
- Demetrios I
- Antimakhos I
- Pantaleon
- Agathocles
- Apollodotos I
- Demetrios II
- Antimakhos II
- Menander I
- Zoilos I
- Agathokleia
- Lysias
- Straton I
- Antialkidas
- Heliokles II
- Polyxenos Epiphanes Soter
- Demetrios III Aniketos
- Filoxenos
- Diomedes
- Amyntas
- Epandros
- Theofilos
- Peukolaos
- Thrason
- Nikias
- Menandros II
- Artemidoros Aniketos
- Hermaios Soter
- Archebios
- Telephos Euergetes
- Apollodotos II
- Hippostratos
- Dionysios
- Zoilos II
- Apollophanes
- Straton II
- Straton III
- Boteiras
- Bas
- Zipoites I
- Nikomedes I
- Zipoites II
- Etazeta (pemangku takhta)
- Ziaelas
- Prousias I
- Prousias II
- Nikomedes II
- Nikomedes III
- Nikomedes IV
- Sokrates Christos
- Ptolemaeus
- Sames II
- Mithridates I
- Antiokhos I
- Mithridates II
- Antiokhos II
- Mithridates III
- Antiokhos III
- Antiokhos IV
- Ariarathes I
- Ariarathes II
- Ariamnes II
- Ariarathes III
- Ariarathes IV
- Ariarathes V
- Orophernes
- Ariarathes VI
- Ariarathes VII
- Ariarathes VIII
- Ariarathes IX
- Ariobarzanes I
- Ariobarzanes II
- Ariobarzanes III
- Ariarathes X
- Arkhelaos
- Pairisades I
- Satyros II
- Prytanis dari Bosporos
- Eumelos dari Bosporos
- Spartokos III
- Hygiainon (pemangku takhta)
- Pairisades II
- Spartokos IV
- Leukon II
- Spartokos V
- Pairisades III
- Pairisades IV Philometor
- Pairisades V
- Mithridates I
- Pharnaces
- Asander dengan Dynamis
- Mithridates II
- Asander dengan Dynamis
- Scribonius berupaya memerintah dengan Dynamis
- Dynamis dengan Polemon
- Polemon dengan Pythodorida
- Aspourgos
- Mithridates III dengan Gepaepyris
- Mithridates III
- Kotys I