Masa Darurat (India)

Di India, "Masa Darurat" merujuk kepada periode 21 bulan dari 1975 sampai 1977 saat Perdana Menteri Indira Gandhi mendeklarasikan keadaan darurat di seluruh negeri. Resmi dikeluarkan oleh Presiden Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed di bawah Artikel 352(1) dari Konstitusi karena "gangguan dalam negeri", Masa Darurat tersebut berlaku dari 25 Juni 1975 sampai pengangkatannya pada 21 Maretn 1977. Perintah tersebut dilayangkan dari Perdana Menteri kepada otoritas melalui aturan menurut dekrit, membolehkan pemilihan-pemilihan ditunda dan kebebasan sipil dibelenggu. Selama sebagian besar Masa Darurat, kebanyakan lawan politik Gandhi ditahan dan pers disensor. Beberapa pelanggaran HAM lain dikabarkan pada masa itu, termasuk kampanye sterilisasi massal paksa yang dinaungi oleh Sanjay Gandhi, putra Perdana Menteri tersebut. Masa Darat tersebut adalah periode paling kontroversial dalam sejarah India independen.^[1] Dokumen-dokumen yang muncul pada beberapa tahun lampau mengindikasikan bahwa Indira Gandhi berencana untuk memasang masa darurat tersebut hanya secara temporer untuk beberapa masa sampai kekerasan yang memuncak di negara tersebut meredam.^[2]

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• Aaron S. Klieman. "Indira's India: Democracy and Crisis Government", Political Science Quarterly (1981) 96#2 pp. 241–259 in JSTOR
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• Telegram 8557 from the United States Embassy in India to the Department of State, 27 June 1975
• A. Z. Huq Democratic Norms, Human Rights and States of Emergency: Lessons from the Experience of Four Countries
• "Memories of a Father," a book by Eachara Varier, father of a student killed in police custody during the emergency Diarsipkan 2005-05-27 di Wayback Machine.