Program tenaga nuklir tiga tahap India
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Program tenaga nuklir tiga tahap India diformulasikan olejh Homi Bhabha pada 1950an untuk mengamankan energi bebas jangka panjang negara tersebut, melalui penggunaan cadangan uranium dan torium yang ditemukan di pasir monasit wilayah pesisir India Selatan. Fokus utama dari program tersebut adalah memungkinkan cadangan torium India untuk digunakan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan energi negara tersebut.[1][2] Torium sangat menarik bagi India, karena hanya memiliki 1–2% dari cadangan uranium global, tetapi salah satu bagian terbesar dari cadangan torium global sekitar 25% dari cadangan torium dunia yang diketahui.[3][4][5][6]
Lihat pula
- Reaktor termal
- Kebijakan energi di India
- Tenaga nuklir di India
- Keamanan energi
Catatan kaki
Referensi
- ^ Majumdar 1999.
- ^ Press Information Bureau 2011.
- ^ Bucher 2009, hlm. 1.
- ^ Gordon 2008, hlm. 3.
- ^ Jayaram, hlm. 1, 16–17.
- ^ Ferguson 2007, hlm. 135.
Sumber
Buku-buku
- Ferguson, Charles D. (2007), "Assessing the Vulnerability of the Indian Civil Nuclear Programme to Military and Terrorist Attack", dalam Henry D. Sokolski, Gauging U.S.–India Strategic Cooperation, Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute, ISBN 978-1-58487-284-9
- Woddi, Taraknath V.K.; Charlton, William S.; Nelson, Paul (2009), India's nuclear fuel cycle: Unraveling the impact of the US–India nuclear accord, Synthesis Lectures on Nuclear Technology and Society, Morgan & Claypool Publishers, ISBN 978-1-59829-984-7
- Venkataraman, Ganesan (1994), Bhabha and His Magnificent Obsessions, Universities Press (India) Ltd., ISBN 978-81-7371-007-0
- Iyengar, P.K.; Prasad, A.N.; Gopalakrishnan, A.; Karnad, Bharat (2009), Strategic Sell-Out: Indian–US Nuclear Deal, Pentagon Press, ISBN 978-81-8274-432-5
- Ramana, M.V. (2007), "Nuclear Power in India: Failed Past, Dubious Future", dalam Henry D. Sokolski, Gauging U.S.–India Strategic Cooperation, Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute, ISBN 978-1-58487-284-9
- Diwan, Parag; Sarkar, A.N. (2009), "Energy Security", Volume 5, Pentagon Press, ISBN 978-81-8274-352-6
- Krivit, Steven; Lehr, Jay H.; Kingery, Thomas B. (2011), Nuclear Energy Encyclopedia: Science, Technology and Applications, Wiley Series on Energy, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 978-0-470-89439-2
- Noronha, Ligia (2009), Ligia Noronha; Anant Sudarshan, ed., India's Energy Politics, Taylor and Francis, ISBN 978-0-203-88436-2
- Stephenson, John; Tynan, Peter (2007), "Will the U.S.–India Civil Nuclear Cooperation Initiative Light India?", dalam Henry D. Sokolski, Gauging U.S.–India Strategic Cooperation, Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute, ISBN 978-1-58487-284-9
- Rai, Ajai K. (2009), India's Nuclear Diplomacy After Pokhran II, Pearson Education India, ISBN 978-81-317-2668-6
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- MacKay, David J.C. (2009), Sustainable Energy – Without the Hot Air, UIT Cambridge Ltd., diakses tanggal 22 March 2012
Pemberitahuan resmi pemerintah
- Availability of Thorium, Press Information Bureau, Government of India, 10 August 2011, diakses tanggal 21 March 2012
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- Burns, Nicholas (2 November 2005), "Hearing on U.S.–India Civil Nuclear Cooperation Initiative" (PDF), Remarks as Prepared for the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, U.S. Department of State, diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-03-05, diakses tanggal 29 March 2012
Kajian, makalah dan laporan
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- Bucher, R.G. (January 2009), India's Baseline Plan for Nuclear Energy self-sufficiency stage (PDF), Argonne National Laboratory, diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-12-27, diakses tanggal 26 March 2012
- Gordon, Sandy (September 2008), "Implications of the Sale of Australian Uranium to India" (PDF), Working Paper No. 410, Canberra: Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-05-18, diakses tanggal 27 March 2012
- Jayaram, K.M.V., An Overview of World Thorium Resources, Incentives for Further Exploration and Forecasts for Thorium Requirements in the Near Future (PDF), Hyderabad: IAEA, diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 28 June 2011, diakses tanggal 26 March 2012 Parameter
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - Banerjee, Srikumar (September 2010), Thorium Utilisation for Sustainable Supply of Nuclear Energy (PDF), Virginia Tech, diakses tanggal 5 April 2012
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - Rethinaraj, T.S. Gopi (5 June 2006), U.S.–India Nuclear Deal (PDF), Washington D.C.: Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, diakses tanggal 8 April 2012
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- Gupta, Arvind (May 2011), "India's Nuclear Energy Programme: Prospects and Challenges", vol 35, issue 3, Strategic Analysis, 35 (3), hlm. 373–380, doi:10.1080/09700161.2011.559963
- Harvey, Cole J. (5 May 2010), "The U.S.–India Reprocessing Agreement and Its Implications", James Martin Centre for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies, Nuclear Threat Initiative, diakses tanggal 27 March 2012
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - Hore-Lacy, Ian (6 December 2009), Thorium, The Encyclopedia of Earth, diakses tanggal 20 March 2012
Artikel berita
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - "Development work on 300 MW advanced heavy water reactor at advanced stage", TNN, Chennai: The Times of India, 20 December 2008, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-08-11, diakses tanggal 26 March 2012
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan) - Subramanian, T.S. (December 1998), "A debate over breeder reactors", Vol. 15, No. 25, Frontline, diakses tanggal 8 April 2012
- Subramanian, T.S. (25 February 2006), "Indo-US nuke deal will help launch thorium reactors", PTI, The Times of India, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-09-10, diakses tanggal 11 April 2012
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- Founder's Day 2007 Address by Chairman of Atomic Energy Commission – Anil Kakodkar, BARC, 2007, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 December 2010, diakses tanggal 11 April 2012 Parameter
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yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
- IEEE Spectrum Q&A With: Sudhinder Thakur
- IEEE Spectrum Diarsipkan 2008-09-15 di Wayback Machine. Q&A: Thorium Reactor Designer Ratan Kumar Sinha
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