Daud al-Zahiri

Daud al-Zahiri
دَاوُد الظَّاهِرِيُّ
Gelaran	Imām ahl al-Ẓāhir^[1]
Peribadi
Kelahiran	c. 815^[2] Kufa, Khilafah Abbasiyah^[3]
Kematian	c. 883 or 884^[2] (age approx. 68) Baghdad, Khilafah Abbasiyah
Agama	Islam
Warganegara	Parsi^[2]
Bandar kediaman	Qāshān berhampiran Aṣbahān^[4]
Era	Zaman Kegemilangan Islam (Era Abbasiyah)
Kawasan	Mesopotamia
Mazhab akidah	Sunnī
Mazhab fikah	Ahli Hadis^[8]/Ijtihad
Akidah	Athari^[5]^[6]^[7]
Kecenderungan utama	Fikah^[8]
Pemimpin Islam
Dipengaruhi oleh Al-Syafii, Ahmad bin Hanbal, Ibn Kullab, Ishak Ibn Rahwayh, Abu Thawr, Yahya ibn Ma'in
Mempengaruhi Niftawayh, Muhammad bin Dawud al-Zahiri, Tabari, Ruwaym, Abd Allah al-Qaysi, Ibn Hazm, Ibn Tumart

Daud bin Ali bin Khalaf al-Zahiri (Arab: دَاوُدُ بنُ عَلِيِّ بنِ خَلَفٍ الظَّاهِرِيُّcode: ar is deprecated ; 815–883 M / 199–269 H) ialah seorang ulama Sunni, ahli fikah dan teologi semasa zaman Kegemilangan Islam, yang pakar dalam pengajian undang-undang Islam (syariah) dan bidang hermeneutika, periwayatan hadis, dan pensejarahan awal Islam. Dia ialah pengasas aliran mazhab Zahiri,^[12] aliran kelima dalam Ahli Sunah Waljamaah, yang bercirikan pengambilan tegas terhadap perkara zahir dan pergantungan kepada maksud zahir dalam al-Quran dan hadis; persepakatan (ijmak) Sahabat generasi awal, bagi sumber-sumber perundangan Islam (syariah); dan menolak kesimpulan analogi (qiyas) dan adat atau pengetahuan masyarakat tempatan (urf), yang digunakan oleh aliran mazhab fiqah yang lain. Dia diraikan, jika bukan kontroversi, sebagai seorang tokoh pada zamannya,^[13] menjadi rujukan dalam teks pensejarahan Islam sebagai "ulama pada zamannya."

Rujukan

^ Osman, Amr (17 July 2014). The Ẓāhirī Madhhab (3rd/9th-10th/16th Century): A Textualist Theory of Islamic Law. BRILL. m/s. 13. ISBN 978-90-04-27965-0 – melalui Google Books.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Sheikh, Naveed S. (2021). "Making Sense of Salafism: Theological foundations, ideological iterations, and political manifestations – Genealogy A: Ibn Hanbal and the Ahl al-Ḥadīth". Dalam Haynes, Jeffrey (penyunting). The Routledge Handbook of Religion, Politics, and Ideology (ed. 1st). London and New York: Routledge. m/s. 165. doi:10.4324/9780367816230-16. ISBN 9780367816230. S2CID 237931579 Check |s2cid= value (bantuan). Ibn Hanbal's reliance on the explicit import of the text (naṣṣ) was exceeded only by the literalism of the Ẓāhirī school, founded by his student, the Persian Dawud al-Zahiri (c. 815–883), and later popularized by Andalusian jurist Ali Ibn Hazm (994–1064). The Zahiris would outright reject analogical reasoning (qiyās) as a method for deducing jurisprudential rulings while considering consensus (ijmāʿ) to be binding only when comprising a first-generation consensus of the Companions of the Prophet.
^ Osman, Amr (17 July 2014). "The Ẓāhirī Madhhab (3rd/9th-10th/16th Century): A Textualist Theory of Islamic Law". BRILL. m/s. 11 – melalui Google Books.
^ Goldziher, Ignác (21 June 2008). "The Zahiris". BRILL – melalui Google Books.
^ Lobel, Diana (2000). Between Mysticism and Philosophy. Albany: State University of New York Press. m/s. 60. ISBN 0-7914-4451-1.
^ Bearman P.; Bianquis Th.; Bosworth C.E.; van Donzel E.; Heinrichs W.P., penyunting (2005). "Dāwūd b. ʿAlī b. K̲h̲alaf". Encyclopaedia of Islam. 2 (ed. Second). Albany, NY: Brill. m/s. 182. ISBN 9789004161214.
^ Jonathan, Constance; Crowe, Youngwon Lee (2019). "9: Natural law in Islam from theological and legal perspectives". Research Handbook on Natural Law Theory. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. m/s. 157. ISBN 978-1-78811-003-7.
^ ^a ^b ^c Osman, Amr (2014). "Dāwūd al-Ẓāhirī and the Beginnings of the Ẓāhirī Madhhab". The Ẓāhirī Madhhab (3rd/9th-10th/16th Century): A Textualist Theory of Islamic Law. Studies in Islamic Law and Society. 38. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. m/s. 6, 9–47, 122. doi:10.1163/9789004279650_003. ISBN 978-90-04-27965-0. ISSN 1384-1130.
^ Melchert, Christopher (2015) [1999]. "How Ḥanafism Came to Originate in Kufa and Traditionalism in Medina". Hadith, Piety, and Law: Selected Studies. Islamic Law and Society. 6. Atlanta and Leiden: Brill Publishers/Lockwood Press. m/s. 318–347. ISBN 978-1-937040-49-9. JSTOR 3399501. LCCN 2015954883.
^ Joseph Schacht, Dāwūd b. ʿAlī b. Khalaf. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill Online, 2013. Reference. 9 January 2013
^ Mohammad Sharif Khan and Mohammad Anwar Saleem, Muslim Philosophy And Philosophers, pg. 34. New Delhi: Ashish Publishing House, 1994.
^ ^[2]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]
^ Dr. Mohammad Omar Farooq, The Riba-Interest Equivalence Diarkibkan 12 Mac 2012 di Wayback Machine, June 2006