Kosmologi Alkitab

Allah menciptakan kosmos (Bible moralisée, Perancis, abad ke-13)

Kosmologi Alkitab ialah konsepsi para penulis Alkitab mengenai kosmos sebagai entiti distruktur dan ditadbir, termasuk kosmogoni, kosmografi, pengertiannya dan takdirnya.[1][2] Alkitab dibentuk selama berabad-abad, melibatkan banyak penulis, dan mencerminkan susunan berubah dari keyakinan agama. Akibatnya, kosmologinya tidak selalu konsisten.[3][4] Tiada teks Alkitab yang benar-benar mewakili keyakinan dari seluruh Yahudi atau Kristian pada masa karya-karya tersebut ditulis. Kebanyakan hal yang tertulis dalam Perjanjian Lama hanya mewakili sejumlah kecil komuniti Israel kuno, anggota tradisi keagamaan Yudea akhir yang berpusat di Baitulmaqdis dan dicurahkan untuk pemujaan khusus kepada Yahweh.[5]

Rujukan

  1. ^ Lucas 2003, halaman 130
  2. ^ Knight 1990, halaman 175
  3. ^ Bernstein 1996, halaman 134: "The canon of the Hebrew Bible [...] was formed of [...] diverse writings composed by many men or women over a long period of time, under many different circumstances, and in the light of shifting patterns of religious belief and practice. [...] Indeed, the questions under investigation in this book concerning the end of an individual's life, the nature of death, the possibility of divine judgment, and the resultant reward or punishment [...] are simply too crucial to have attracted a single solution unanimously accepted over the near millennium of biblical composition."
  4. ^ Berlin 2011, halaman 188
  5. ^ Wright 2002, halaman 52: "The religious ideology promoted in a majority of the texts that now form the Hebrew Bible represent the beliefs of only a small portion of the ancient Israelite community: the late Judean individuals who collected, edited, and transmitted the biblical materials were, for the most part, members of a religious tradition centered in Jerusalem that worshipped the god Yahweh exclusively."

Bacaan lanjut

  • Aune, David E. (2003). "Cosmology". Westminster Dictionary of the New Testament and Early Christian Literature. Westminster John Knox Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Bautch, Kelley Coblentz (2003). A Study of the Geography of 1 Enoch 17-19. Brill. ISBN 9789004131033.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Beale, G.K. (2004). The Temple and the Church's mission. InterVarsity Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Berlin, Adele (2011). "Cosmology and creation". Dalam Berlin, Adele; Grossman, Maxine (penyunting). The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion. Oxford University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Bernstein, Alan E. (1996). The Formation of Hell: Death and Retribution in the Ancient and Early Christian Worlds. Cornell University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Bremmer, J.N. (1999). "Paradise in the Septuagint". Dalam Luttikhuizen, Gerard P. (penyunting). Paradise interpreted: representations of biblical paradise in Judaism and Christianity. Brill.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Burnett, Joel S. (2010). Where is God?: divine absence in the Hebrew Bible. Fortress Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Collins, Adela Yarbro (2000). Cosmology and Eschatology in Jewish and Christian Apocalypticism. Brill.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Dahl, Edward H.; Gauvin, Jean-Francois (2003). Sphaerae Mundi. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Davies, William David (1982). The Territorial Dimension of Judaism. University of California Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Deist, Ferdinand E. (2000). The material culture of the Bible: an introduction. Sheffield Academic Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Delumeau, Jean; O'Connell, Matthew (2000). Westminster Dictionary of the New Testament and Early Christian Literature. University of Illinois Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Farmer, Ronald L. (2005). Revelation. Chalice Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Fishbane, Michael (2003). Biblical Myth and Rabbinic Mythmaking. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-826733-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Fretheim, Terence E. (2003). "Heaven(s)". Dalam Gowan, Donald E. (penyunting). The Westminster theological wordbook of the Bible. Westminster University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Gillingham, Susan (2002). The image, the depths, and the surface. Continuum.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Habel, Norman C. (1975). The Book of Job. Cambridge University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Habel, Norman C. (2001). "Earth First: Inverse Cosmology in Job". Dalam Habel, Norman C.; Wurst, Shirley (penyunting). The Earth Story in Wisdom Traditions. Sheffield Academic Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Hartley, John E. (1988). The Book of Job. Eerdmans.
  • Hess, Richard S. (2007). Israelite Religions: An Archeological and Biblical Survey. Baker Academic Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Hiebert, Theodore (2009). "Genesis". Dalam O'Day, Gail R.; Petersen, David L. (penyunting). Theological Bible Commentary. Westminster John Knox Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Hoppe, Leslie J. (2000). The Holy City: Jerusalem in the theology of the Old Testament. Liturgical Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Horowitz, Wayne (1998). Mesopotamian cosmic geography. Eisenbrauns.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Janin, Hunt (2002). Four Paths to Jerusalem. McFarland.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Kaiser, Christopher B. (1997). Creational theology and the history of physical science. Brill.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Keel, Othmar (1997). The symbolism of the biblical world. Eisenbrauns.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Kelly, Henry A. (2010). "Hell with Purgatory and two Limbos". Dalam Moreira, Isabel; Toscano, Margaret (penyunting). Hell and Its Afterlife: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives. Ashgate Publishing.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Kittel, Gerhard; Friedrich, Gerhard, penyunting (1985). "Kosmos". Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Eerdmans.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Knight, Douglas A. (1990). "Cosmology". Dalam Watson E. Mills (General Editor) (penyunting). Mercer Dictionary of the Bible. Mercer University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Knight, Douglas A.; Levine, Amy-Jill (2011). The Meaning of the Bible: What the Jewish Scriptures and Christian Old Testament Can Teach Us. HarperCollins.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Lee, Sang Meyng (2010). The Cosmic Drama of Salvation. Mohr Siebeck.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Lucas, E.L. (2003). "Cosmology". Dalam Alexander, T. Desmond; Baker, David W. (penyunting). Dictionary of the Old Testament: Pentateuch. InterVarsity Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Mabie, F.J (2008). "Chaos and Death". Dalam Longman, Tremper; Enns, Peter (penyunting). Dictionary of the Old Testament. InterVarsity Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Mills, Watson E. (1998). "Introduction". Mercer Commentary on the Bible: Pentateuch/Torah. Mercer University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Noort, Ed (1999). "Gan-Eden in the context of the mythology of the Hebrew bible". Dalam Luttikhuizen, Gerard P. (penyunting). Paradise interpreted: representations of biblical paradise in Judaism and Christianity. Brill.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • O'Dowd, R. (2008). "Creation imagery". Dalam Longman, Tremper; Enns, Peter (penyunting). Dictionary of the Old Testament. InterVarsity Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Olson, Daniel C. (2003). "1 Enoch". Dalam Dunn, James; Rogerson, John William (penyunting). Eerdmans commentary on the Bible. Eerdmans.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Page Lee, H. (1990). "Council, Heavenly". Dalam Watson E. Mills (General Editor) (penyunting). Mercer Dictionary of the Bible. Mercer University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Parrish, V. Steven (1990). "Creation". Dalam Watson E. Mills (General Editor) (penyunting). Mercer Dictionary of the Bible. Mercer University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Parsons, Mikeal (2008). Acts. Baker Academic.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Pennington, Jonathan T. (2007). Heaven and earth in the Gospel of Matthew. Brill.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Perdue, Leo G. (1991). Wisdom in Revolt: Metaphorical Theology in the Book of Job. Sheffield Academic Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Reike, Bo (2001). "Hell". Dalam Metzger, Bruce Manning; Coogan, Michael David (penyunting). The Oxford guide to ideas & issues of the Bible. Oxford University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Ringgren, Helmer (1990). "Yam". Dalam Botterweck, G. Johannes; Ringgren, Helmer (penyunting). Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament. Eerdmans.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Rochberg, Francesca (2010). In the Path of the Moon: Babylonian Celestial Divination and Its Legacy. Brill.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Ryken, Leland; Wilhoit, Jim; Longman, Tremper; Duriez, Colin; Penney, Douglas; Reid, Daniel G., penyunting (1998). "Cosmology". Dictionary of Biblical Imagery. InterVarsity Press.
  • Sarna, Nahum M. (1997). "The Mists of Time: Genesis I-II". Dalam Feyerick, Ada (penyunting). Genesis: World of Myths and Patriarchs. New York: NYU Press. m/s. 560. ISBN 0-8147-2668-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Seybold, Klaus (1990). Introducing the Psalms. T&T Clarke.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Smith, Mark S. (2003). The Origins of Biblical Monotheism. Oxford University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Stordalen, Terje (2000). Echoes of Eden. Peeters.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Tigghelaar, Eibert J.C. (1999). "Eden and Paradise". Dalam Luttikhuizen, Gerard P. (penyunting). Paradise interpreted: representations of biblical paradise in Judaism and Christianity. Brill.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Walton, John H.; Matthews, Victor H.; Chavalas, Mark W., penyunting (2000). The IVP Bible background commentary: Old Testament. InterVarsity Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Walton, John H. (2006). Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament: Introducing the Conceptual World of the Hebrew Bible. Baker Academic. ISBN 0-8010-2750-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Walton, John H. (2011). Genesis. Zondervan.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Welch, John Woodland (2009). The Sermon on the Mount in the light of the Temple. Ashgate.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Wright, J. Edward (2002). The Early History of Heaven. Oxford University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Wright, J. Edward (2004). "Whither Elijah?". Dalam Chazon, Esther G.; Satran, David; Clements, Ruth (penyunting). Things revealed: studies in early Jewish and Christian literature in honor of Michael E. Stone. Brill.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Wyatt, Nick (2001). Space and Time in the Religious Life of the Near East. Sheffield University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)