5-HT1A receptor
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5-hidroksitriptaminski (serotoninski) receptor 1A | |||||||||||
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Identifikatori | |||||||||||
Simboli | HTR1A; 5-HT1A; 5HT1a; ADRB2RL1; ADRBRL1 | ||||||||||
Vanjski ID | OMIM: 109760 MGI: 96273 HomoloGene: 20148 IUPHAR: 5-HT1A GeneCards: HTR1A Gene | ||||||||||
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Pregled RNK izražavanja | |||||||||||
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podaci | |||||||||||
Ortolozi | |||||||||||
Vrsta | Čovek | Miš | |||||||||
Entrez | 3350 | 15550 | |||||||||
Ensembl | ENSG00000178394 | ENSMUSG00000021721 | |||||||||
UniProt | P08908 | Q8BGS4 | |||||||||
RefSeq (mRNA) | NM_000524 | NM_008308 | |||||||||
RefSeq (protein) | NP_000515 | NP_032334 | |||||||||
Lokacija (UCSC) | Chr 5: 63.29 - 63.29 Mb | Chr 13: 106.56 - 106.57 Mb | |||||||||
PubMed pretraga | [1] | [2] |
5-HT1A receptor je tip 5-HT receptora za koji se vezuje endogeni neurotransmiter serotonin (5-hidroksitriptamin, 5-HT). On je G protein-spregnuti receptor (GPCR) koji je spregnut sa Gi/Go i posreduje inhibitornu neurotransmisiju. Akronim HTR1A označava humani gen koji kodira ovaj receptor.[1][2]
Distribucija
5-HT1A receptor najšire rasprostranjen od svih 5-HT receptora. U centralnom nervnom sistemu, 5-HT1A receptori se nalaze u cerebralnom kortesu, hipokampusu, septumu, amigdali, i rafovom jezgru u visokim koncentracijama, dok su u manjim količinama takođe prisutni u bazalnoj gangliji i talamusu.[3][4][5]
Funkcija
Neuromodulacija
5-HT1A receptorski agonisti snižavaju krvni pritisak i brzinu srca centralnim mehanizmom, indukcijom periferne vazodilaticije, i stimulacijom vagus nerva.[6] Ti efekti su rezultat aktivacije 5-HT1A receptora u rostralnoj ventrolateralnoj meduli.[6] Simpatolitički antihipertenzivni lek urapidil je antagonist α1-adrenergičkog receptora i agonist α2-adrenergičkog receptora, kao i agonist 5-HT1A receptora. Poznato je da ova zadnja osobina doprinosi njegovim sveukupnom terapeutskom dejstvu.[7][8] Vazodilatacija krvnih sudova kože centralnom 5-HT1A aktivacijom povećava toplotnu disipaciju sa organizma u okolnu sredinu, posledica čega je sniženje telesne temperature.[9][10]
Aktivacija centralnih 5-HT1A receptora inicira oslobađanje ili inhibiciju norepinefrina u zavisnosti od vrste, verovatno iz locus coeruleus regiona, što zatim dovodi do redukcije ili povišenja neuronskog tona sfinkter mišića zenice modulacijom postsinaptičkih α2-adrenergički receptora unutar Edinger-Vestfalnog jezgra, što dovodi do dilatacije zenica kod glodara, i kontrakcije zenica kod primata uključujući ljude.[11][12][13]
Agonisti 5-HT1A receptora kao što su buspiron[14] i flesinoksan[15] su delotvorni u olakšavanju anksioznosti[16] i depresije.[17] Buspiron i tandospiron su trenutno odobreni za te indikacije u mnogim zemljama. Drugi, poput gepirona,[18] flesinoksana,[19] flibanserina,[20] i PRX-00023[21] su takođe bili ispitivani, mada još uvek nisu potpuno razvijeni i odobreni. Neki od atipičnih antipsihotika kao što je aripiprazol[22] su takođe parcijalni agonisti 5-HT1A receptora i ponekad se koriste u niskim dozama kao zamena za standardne antidepresive kao što su selektivni inhibitori preuzimanja serotonina (SSRI).[23]
Endokrinologija
Aktivacija 5-HT1A receptora indukuje sekreciju raznih hormona među kojima su kortizol, kortikosteron, adrenokortikotropni hormon (ACTH), oksitocin, prolaktin, hormon rasta, i β-endorfin.[24][25][26][27] Ovaj receptor ne utiče na sekreciju vazopresina ili renina, za razliku od 5-HT2 receptora.[24][28] Postoje indikacije da otpuštanje oksitocina doprinosi prosocijalnim, antiagresivnim i anksiolitičkim svojstvima primećenim nakon aktivacije receptora.[28] Moguće je da sekrecija β-endorfina doprinosi antidepresivnim, anksiolitičkim, i analgetskim efektima.
Ligandi
Distribucija 5-HT1A receptora u ljudskom mozgu može biti snimljena pozitronskom emisionom tomografijom koristeći radioligand [11C]WAY-100,635.[29] Na primer, u jednoj studiji je utvrđeno povećano 5-HT1A vezivanje kod tipa 2 dijabetesa.[30] Jedna druga PET studija je utvrdila negativnu korelaciju između stepena 5-HT1A vezivanja u rafijevom jezgru, hipokampusu i neokorteksu, i samo-prijavljene tendencije doživljavanja duhovnih iskustava.[31] Kad je obeležen sa tricijumom, WAY-100,635 može takođe da se koristi u autoradiografiji.[32]
Agonisti
- 5-CT
- 5-MeO-DMT
- 5-MT
- 8-OH-DPAT
- Adatanserin
- αET
- Alnespiron
- αMT
- Aripiprazol
- Asenapin
- Bay R 1531
- Befiradol
- Binospiron
- Bufotenin
- Buspiron
- Kanabidiol
- Klozapin
- Dihidroergotamin
- DMT
- Ebalzotan
- Eltoprazin
- Eptapiron
- Ergotamin
- Etoperidon
- F-11,461
- F-12,826
- F-13,714
- F-14,679
- F-15,599
- Flesinoksan
- Flibanserin
- Gepiron
- Ipsapiron
- Lesopitron
- Lisurid
- LSD
- Lu AA21004
- LY-293,284
- LY-301,317
- MDMA
- MKC-242
- NBUMP
- Nefazodon
- Osemozotan
- Perospiron
- Piklozotan
- Psilocin
- Psilocibin
- PRX-00023
- Rauvolscin
- Repinotan
- RU-24,969
- S-15,535
- Sarizotan
- SSR-181,507
- Sunepitron
- Tandospiron
- Tiospiron
- Trazodon
- U-92,016-A
- Urapidil
- Vilazodon
- Johimbin
- Ksaliproden
- Zalospiron
- Ziprasidon
Antagonisti
Genetika
5-HT1A receptor je kodiran HTR1A genom. Postoji više humanih polimorfizama vezanih za ovaj gen. Jedan pregled iz 2007. navodi 27 jednonukleotidnih polimorfizama (SNP).[33] Najviše istraženi su C-1019G (rs6295), C-1018G,[34] Ile28Val (rs1799921), Arg219Leu (rs1800044), i Gly22Ser (rs1799920).[33] Neki od preostalih SNP-ova su Pro16Leu, Gly272Asp, i sinonimni polimorfizam G294A (rs6294). Varijante ovog gena su bile studirane u vezi sa psihijatrijskim poremećajima, ali definitivni rezultati nisu dobijeni.[33]
Interakcije
Za 5-HT1A receptor je pokazano da interaguje sa moždanim neurotrofnim faktorom (BDNF), koji učestvuje u regulaciji raspoloženja i anksioznosti.[35][36] Pokazano je da ostvaruje interakcije sa sfingozin-1-fosfatnim receptorom 1 (S1PR1).[37]
Povezano
- 5-HT receptor
- 5-HT1 receptor
Literatura
- ↑ Gilliam TC, Freimer NB, Kaufmann CA, Powchik PP, Bassett AS, Bengtsson U, Wasmuth JJ (November 1989). „Deletion mapping of DNA markers to a region of chromosome 5 that cosegregates with schizophrenia”. Genomics 5 (4): 940–4. DOI:10.1016/0888-7543(89)90138-9. PMID 2591972.
- ↑ „Entrez Gene: HTR1A 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A”.
- ↑ Ito H, Halldin C, Farde L. (1999). „Localization of 5-HT1A receptors in the living human brain using [carbonyl-11CWAY-100635: PET with anatomic standardization technique.”]. J Nucl Med. 40 (1): 102–9. PMID 9935065.
- ↑ Glennon RA, Dukat M, Westkaemper RB (1. 1. 2000.). „Serotonin Receptor Subtypes and Ligands”. American College of Neurophyscopharmacology. Pristupljeno 11. 4. 2008.
- ↑ de Almeida J, Mengod G. (2008). „Serotonin 1A receptors in human and monkey prefrontal cortex are mainly expressed in pyramidal neurons and in a GABAergic interneuron subpopulation: implications for schizophrenia and its treatment.”. J Neurochem. 107 (2): 488–496. DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05649.x. PMID 18761712.
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Dabiré H. (1991). „Central 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors in blood pressure regulation.”. Therapie. 46 (6): 421–9. PMID 1819150.
- ↑ Ramage AG (April 1991). „The mechanism of the sympathoinhibitory action of urapidil: role of 5-HT1A receptors”. Br. J. Pharmacol. 102 (4): 998–1002. PMC 1917978. PMID 1855130.
- ↑ Kolassa N, Beller KD, Sanders KH. (1989). „Involvement of brain 5-HT1A receptors in the hypotensive response to urapidil.”. Am J Cardiol. 64 (7): 7D–10D. DOI:10.1016/0002-9149(89)90688-7. PMID 2569265.
- ↑ Ootsuka Y, Blessing WW. (2006). „Activation of 5-HT1A receptors in rostral medullary raphé inhibits cutaneous vasoconstriction elicited by cold exposure in rabbits.”. Brain Res. 1073-1074: 252–61. DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.12.031. PMID 16455061.
- ↑ Rusyniak DE, Zaretskaia MV, Zaretsky DV, DiMicco JA. (2007). „3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine- and 8-hydroxy-2-di-n-propylamino-tetralin-induced hypothermia: role and location of 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptors.”. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 323 (2): 477–487. DOI:10.1124/jpet.107.126169. PMID 17702902.
- ↑ Yu Y, Ramage AG, Koss MC. (2004). „Pharmacological studies of 8-OH-DPAT-induced pupillary dilation in anesthetized rats.”. Eur J Pharmacol. 489 (3): 207–213. DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.03.007. PMID 15087245.
- ↑ Prow MR, Martin KF, Heal DJ (1996). „8-OH-DPAT-induced mydriasis in mice: a pharmacological characterisation”. Eur J Pharmacol. 317 (1): 21–8. DOI:10.1016/S0014-2999(96)00693-0. PMID 8982715.
- ↑ Fanciullacci M, Sicuteri R, Alessandri M, Geppetti P (March 1995). „Buspirone, but not sumatriptan, induces miosis in humans: relevance for a serotoninergic pupil control”. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 57 (3): 349–55. DOI:10.1016/0009-9236(95)90161-2. PMID 7697953.
- ↑ Cohn, JB; Rickels K (1989). „A pooled, double-blind comparison of the effects of buspirone, diazepam and placebo in women with chronic anxiety”. Curr Med Res Opin. 11 (5): 304–320. DOI:10.1185/03007998909115213. PMID 2649317.
- ↑ Cryan JF, Redmond AM, Kelly JP, Leonard BE. (1997). „The effects of the 5-HT1A agonist flesinoxan, in three paradigms for assessing antidepressant potential in the rat.”. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 7 (2): 109–114. DOI:10.1016/S0924-977X(96)00391-4. PMID 9169298.
- ↑ Parks CL, Robinson PS, Sibille E, Shenk T, Toth M (1998). „Increased anxiety of mice lacking the serotonin1A receptor”. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 195 (18): 10734–9. DOI:10.1073/pnas.95.18.10734. PMC 27964. PMID 9724773.
- ↑ Kennett GA, Dourish CT, Curzon G (1987). „Antidepressant-like action of 5-HT1A agonists and conventional antidepressants in an animal model of depression”. Eur J Pharmacol. 134 (3): 265–74. DOI:10.1016/0014-2999(87)90357-8. PMID 2883013.
- ↑ Keller MB, Ruwe FJ, Janssens CJ, Sitsen JM, Jokinen R, Janczewski J (February 2005). „Relapse prevention with gepirone ER in outpatients with major depression”. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 25 (1): 79–84. DOI:10.1097/01.jcp.0000150221.53877.d9. PMID 15643103. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2012-05-05. Pristupljeno 2014-05-01.
- ↑ Cryan JF, Redmond AM, Kelly JP, Leonard BE (May 1997). „The effects of the 5-HT1A agonist flesinoxan, in three paradigms for assessing antidepressant potential in the rat”. European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 7 (2): 109–14. DOI:10.1016/S0924-977X(96)00391-4. PMID 9169298.
- ↑ Invernizzi RW, Sacchetti G, Parini S, Acconcia S, Samanin R (August 2003). „Flibanserin, a potential antidepressant drug, lowers 5-HT and raises dopamine and noradrenaline in the rat prefrontal cortex dialysate: role of 5-HT(1A) receptors.”. Br J Pharmacol. 139 (7): 1281–8. DOI:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705341. PMC 1573953. PMID 12890707.
- ↑ de Paulis T. (2007). „Drug evaluation: PRX-00023, a selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist for depression.”. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 8 (1): 78–86. PMID 17263189.
- ↑ Stark, AD et al. (2007). „Interaction of the novel antipsychotic aripiprazole with 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors: functional receptor-binding and in vivo electrophysiological studies.”. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 190 (3): 373–382. DOI:10.1007/s00213-006-0621-y. PMID 17242925.
- ↑ Vega, JAW; Mortimer AM, Tyson PJ (May 2003). „Conventional Antipsychotic Prescription in Unipolar Depression, I: An Audit and Recommendations for Practice”. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (Physicians Postgraduate Press) 64 (5): 568–574. DOI:10.4088/JCP.v64n0512. ISSN 1555-2101. PMID 12755661. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2011-07-17. Pristupljeno 2009-05-28.
- ↑ 24,0 24,1 Van de Kar LD, Levy AD, Li Q, Brownfield MS. (1998). „A comparison of the oxytocin and vasopressin responses to the 5-HT1A agonist and potential anxiolytic drug alnespirone (S-20499)”. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 60 (3): 677–683. DOI:10.1016/S0091-3057(98)00025-2. PMID 9678651.
- ↑ Lorens SA, Van de Kar LD. (1987). „Differential effects of serotonin (5-HT1A and 5-HT2) agonists and antagonists on renin and corticosterone secretion”. Neuroendocrinology. 45 (4): 305–310. DOI:10.1159/000124754. PMID 2952898.
- ↑ Koenig JI, Gudelsky GA, Meltzer HY. (1987). „Stimulation of corticosterone and beta-endorphin secretion in the rat by selective 5-HT receptor subtype activation”. Eur J Pharmacol. 137 (1): 1–8. DOI:10.1016/0014-2999(87)90175-0. PMID 2956114.
- ↑ Pitchot W, Wauthy J, Legros JJ, Ansseau M (March 2004). „Hormonal and temperature responses to flesinoxan in normal volunteers: an antagonist study”. European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 14 (2): 151–5. DOI:10.1016/S0924-977X(03)00108-1. PMID 15013031.
- ↑ 28,0 28,1 Thompson MR, Callaghan PD, Hunt GE, Cornish JL, McGregor IS (May 2007). „A role for oxytocin and 5-HT(1A) receptors in the prosocial effects of 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine ("ecstasy")”. Neuroscience 146 (2): 509–14. DOI:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.02.032. PMID 17383105.
- ↑ Pike VW, McCarron JA, Lammerstma AA, Hume SP, Poole K, Grasby PM, Malizia A, Cliffe IA, Fletcher A, Bench CJ (1995). „First delineation of 5-HT1A receptors in human brain with PET and [11C]WAY-100635”. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 283 (1–3): R1–3. DOI:10.1016/0014-2999(95)00438-Q. PMID 7498295.
- ↑ Price JC, Kelley DE, Ryan CM, Meltzer CC, Drevets WC, Mathis CA, Mazumdar S, Reynolds CF (2002). „Evidence of increased serotonin-1A receptor binding in type 2 diabetes: a positron emission tomography study”. Brain Res. 927 (1): 97–103. DOI:10.1016/S0006-8993(01)03297-8. PMID 11814436.
- ↑ Borg J, Andrée B, Soderstrom H, Farde L (November 2003). „The serotonin system and spiritual experiences”. Am J Psychiatry 160 (11): 1965–9. DOI:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.11.1965. PMID 14594742.
- ↑ Burnet PW, Eastwood SL, Harrison PJ (1997). „[3H]WAY-100635 for 5-HT1A receptor autoradiography in human brain: a comparison with [3H]8-OH-DPAT and demonstration of increased binding in the frontal cortex in schizophrenia”. Neurochem. Int. 30 (6): 565–574. DOI:10.1016/S0197-0186(96)00124-6. PMID 9152998.
- ↑ 33,0 33,1 33,2 Drago A, Ronchi DD, Serretti A (August 2008). „5-HT1A gene variants and psychiatric disorders: a review of current literature and selection of SNPs for future studies”. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 11 (5): 701–21. DOI:10.1017/S1461145707008218. PMID 18047755.
- ↑ Wu S, Comings DE (June 1999). „A common C-1018G polymorphism in the human 5-HT1A receptor gene”. Psychiatr. Genet. 9 (2): 105–6. DOI:10.1097/00041444-199906000-00010. PMID 10412191.
- ↑ Anttila S, Huuhka K, Huuhka M, Rontu R, Hurme M, Leinonen E et al. (2007). „Interaction between 5-HT1A and BDNF genotypes increases the risk of treatment-resistant depression”. J Neural Transm 114 (8): 1065–8. DOI:10.1007/s00702-007-0705-9. PMID 17401528.
- ↑ Guiard BP, David DJ, Deltheil T, Chenu F, Le Maître E, Renoir T et al. (2008). „Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-deficient mice exhibit a hippocampal hyperserotonergic phenotype”. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 11 (1): 79–92. DOI:10.1017/S1461145707007857. PMID 17559709.
- ↑ Salim, Kamran; Fenton Tim, Bacha Jamil, Urien-Rodriguez Hector, Bonnert Tim, Skynner Heather A, Watts Emma, Kerby Julie, Heald Anne, Beer Margaret, McAllister George, Guest Paul C (May 2002). „Oligomerization of G-protein-coupled receptors shown by selective co-immunoprecipitation”. J. Biol. Chem. 277 (18): 15482–5. DOI:10.1074/jbc.M201539200. PMID 11854302.
Dodatna literatura
- el Mestikawy S, Fargin A, Raymond JR, et al. (1991). „The 5-HT1A receptor: an overview of recent advances”. Neurochem. Res. 16 (1): 1–10. DOI:10.1007/BF00965820. PMID 2052135.
- Hensler JG (2003). „Regulation of 5-HT1A receptor function in brain following agonist or antidepressant administration”. Life Sci. 72 (15): 1665–82. DOI:10.1016/S0024-3205(02)02482-7. PMID 12559389.
- Van Oekelen D, Luyten WH, Leysen JE (2003). „5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors and their atypical regulation properties”. Life Sci. 72 (22): 2429–49. DOI:10.1016/S0024-3205(03)00141-3. PMID 12650852.
- Lesch KP, Gutknecht L (2005). „Focus on The 5-HT1A receptor: emerging role of a gene regulatory variant in psychopathology and pharmacogenetics”. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 7 (4): 381–5. DOI:10.1017/S1461145704004845. PMID 15683551.
- Kalipatnapu S, Chattopadhyay A (2006). „Membrane protein solubilization: recent advances and challenges in solubilization of serotonin1A receptors”. IUBMB Life 57 (7): 505–12. DOI:10.1080/15216540500167237. PMID 16081372.
- Varrault A, Bockaert J, Waeber C (1992). „Activation of 5-HT1A receptors expressed in NIH-3T3 cells induces focus formation and potentiates EGF effect on DNA synthesis”. Mol. Biol. Cell 3 (9): 961–9. PMC 275657. PMID 1330092.
- Levy FO, Gudermann T, Perez-Reyes E, et al. (1992). „Molecular cloning of a human serotonin receptor (S12) with a pharmacological profile resembling that of the 5-HT1D subtype”. J. Biol. Chem. 267 (11): 7553–62. PMID 1559993.
- Melmer G, Sherrington R, Mankoo B, et al. (1992). „A cosmid clone for the 5HT1A receptor (HTR1A) reveals a TaqI RFLP that shows tight linkage to dna loci D5S6, D5S39, and D5S76”. Genomics 11 (3): 767–9. DOI:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90088-V. PMID 1685484.
- Parks CL, Chang LS, Shenk T (1992). „A polymerase chain reaction mediated by a single primer: cloning of genomic sequences adjacent to a serotonin receptor protein coding region”. Nucleic Acids Res. 19 (25): 7155–60. DOI:10.1093/nar/19.25.7155. PMC 332551. PMID 1766875.
- Gilliam TC, Freimer NB, Kaufmann CA, et al. (1990). „Deletion mapping of DNA markers to a region of chromosome 5 that cosegregates with schizophrenia”. Genomics 5 (4): 940–4. DOI:10.1016/0888-7543(89)90138-9. PMID 2591972.
- Kobilka BK, Frielle T, Collins S, et al. (1987). „An intronless gene encoding a potential member of the family of receptors coupled to guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins”. Nature 329 (6134): 75–9. DOI:10.1038/329075a0. PMID 3041227.
- Fargin A, Raymond JR, Lohse MJ, et al. (1988). „The genomic clone G-21, which resembles a beta-adrenergic receptor sequence encodes the 5-HT1A receptor”. Nature 335 (6188): 358–60. DOI:10.1038/335358a0. PMID 3138543.
- Nakhai B, Nielsen DA, Linnoila M, Goldman D (1995). „Two naturally occurring amino acid substitutions in the human 5-HT1A receptor: glycine 22 to serine 22 and isoleucine 28 to valine 28”. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 210 (2): 530–6. DOI:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1692. PMID 7755630.
- Aune TM, McGrath KM, Sarr T, et al. (1993). „Expression of 5HT1a receptors on activated human T cells. Regulation of cyclic AMP levels and T cell proliferation by 5-hydroxytryptamine”. J. Immunol. 151 (3): 1175–83. PMID 8393041.
- Parks CL, Shenk T (1996). „The serotonin 1a receptor gene contains a TATA-less promoter that responds to MAZ and Sp1”. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (8): 4417–30. DOI:10.1074/jbc.271.8.4417. PMID 8626793.
- Stockmeier CA, Shapiro LA, Dilley GE, et al. (1998). „Increase in serotonin-1A autoreceptors in the midbrain of suicide victims with major depression-postmortem evidence for decreased serotonin activity”. J. Neurosci. 18 (18): 7394–401. PMID 9736659.
- Kawanishi Y, Harada S, Tachikawa H, et al. (1998). „Novel mutations in the promoter and coding region of the human 5-HT1A receptor gene and association analysis in schizophrenia”. Am. J. Med. Genet. 81 (5): 434–9. DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19980907)81:5<434::AID-AJMG13>3.0.CO;2-D. PMID 9754630.
- Salim K, Fenton T, Bacha J, et al. (2002). „Oligomerization of G-protein-coupled receptors shown by selective co-immunoprecipitation”. J. Biol. Chem. 277 (18): 15482–5. DOI:10.1074/jbc.M201539200. PMID 11854302.
Spoljašnje veze
- „5-HT1A”. IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2012-09-02. Pristupljeno 2014-05-01.
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Drugi | Moždano specifični angiogenezni inhibitor (1, 2, 3) • Cadherin (1, 2, 3) • Kalcitonin • CALCRL • CD97 • Kortikotropin-oslobađajući hormon (1, 2) • EMR (1, 2, 3) • Glukagon (GR, GIPR, GLP1R, GLP2R) • Hormon rasta oslobađajući hormon • PACAPR1 • GPR • Latrofilin (1, 2, 3, ELTD1) • Metuselah-slični proteini • Paratiroidni hormon (1, 2) • Sekretin • Vazoaktivni intestinalni peptid (1, 2) |
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glutamat / feromon
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Frizzled / Zaglađeni
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Zaglađeni |