North-Central Vanuatu languages
Subgroup of the Oceanic branch of the Austronesian language family
| North-Central Vanuatu | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | Northern and Central Vanuatu |
| Linguistic classification | Austronesian
|
| Proto-language | Proto-North-Central Vanuatu |
| Subdivisions |
|
| Glottolog | None |
The North-Central Vanuatu languages are a linkage of Oceanic languages spoken in Vanuatu and New Caledonia. It was proposed by Clark (2009), who reconstructed the proto-language of the entire group, viewed here as an early, mutually-intelligible chain of dialects.[1] but this is not accepted by Lynch (2018).[2]
Languages
Following Clark (2009) and Glottolog 4.0, two major groups can be delineated, which are North Vanuatu and Central Vanuatu. Both groups are linkages.[1][3]
- North Vanuatu
- Torres–Banks[4]
- Espiritu Santo[5]
- (various others)
- Central Vanuatu
- Malakula
- Epi-Efate
- (various others)
References
- ^ a b Clark, Ross (2009). Leo Tuai: A comparative lexical study of North and Central Vanuatu languages. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. doi:10.15144/PL-603. ISSN 1448-8310.
- ^ Lynch, John (2018). "Final Consonants and the Status of Proto-North-Central Vanuatu". Journal of the Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea. 36. ISSN 0023-1959.
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2019). "Glottolog". 4.0. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ François, Alexandre (2011), "Social ecology and language history in the northern Vanuatu linkage: A tale of divergence and convergence", Journal of Historical Linguistics, 1 (2): 175–246, doi:10.1075/jhl.1.2.03fra, hdl:1885/29283
- ^ Tryon, Darrell. 2010. The languages of Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu. In John Bowden and Nikolaus P. Himmelmann and Malcolm Ross (eds.), A journey through Austronesian and Papuan linguistic and cultural space: papers in honour of Andrew K. Pawley, 283–290. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.
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- * indicates proposed status
- ? indicates classification dispute
- † indicates extinct status
